Page No. 152
Draw
Q: Draw a picture of the sky as it appears in the morning, afternoon and at night, in the spaces given below.
Ans: Suggestion:
- Morning Sky: Draw a sky with a light orange or pink color. Show the Sun rising in the east with some clouds. You can add birds flying.
- Afternoon Sky: Draw a bright blue sky with a few white clouds. The Sun is high up in the sky.
- Night Sky: Draw a dark sky with many twinkling stars and a bright Moon. You can show different shapes of the Moon, like a crescent or full Moon.
Page No. 153
Write
Q: Write down what you observe in the sky during the morning, afternoon, and at night, in the table given below. A few boxes are filled for you. You may expand your table by adding new points.
- Share your observations with your classmates and compare them.
- Have you observed any change in the activities, and the behaviour of animals and plants at different times of a day? Discuss these changes with your friends and make a list.
Ans:
Note: You can add more points like “morning dew on grass” for morning or “planets visible” for night.
Page No. 154
Discuss
Have you observed the changes during sunrise and sunset?
When the Sun rises:
Q1: How does the sky look?
Ans: The sky looks orange or pink. It is bright near the horizon where the Sun rises.
Q2: What do the birds and animals do?
Ans: Birds start chirping and flying. Animals like cows and dogs wake up and move around.
Q3: What changes do we find at home?
Ans: People wake up, open windows, and start their day. The house feels fresh and cool.
When the Sun sets:
Q1: How does the sky look?
Ans: The sky turns orange, red, or purple. It gets darker as the Sun goes down.
Q2: What do the birds and animals do?
Ans: Birds return to their nests. Animals like cows go back to their sheds. Nocturnal animals like owls come out.
Q3: What changes do we find at home?
Ans: People light lamps or turn on lights. Windows are closed, and everyone gets ready for dinner or sleep.
Page No. 156
Find out
Let us try something interesting.
1. Take a torch and a stick. Close the doors and windows to make the room dark.
2. Hold the stick in one place and turn on the torch. Shine the torchlight on the stick.
3. Observe the changes in the shadow of the stick, in the following situations:
(a) Move the stick back and forth.
(b) Change the direction of the torch.
Ans: Observations from the Experiment:
(a) Move the stick back and forth: When the stick is moved closer to the torch, the shadow becomes bigger. When the stick is moved farther, the shadow becomes smaller.
(b) Change the direction of the torch: When the torch is moved to the left, the shadow moves to the right. When the torch is moved to the right, the shadow moves to the left.
Think and answer the following questions.
- If we change the distance of the source of light from the stick (an object), how will the shadow change?
- If we change the direction of the torch (source of light), how will the shadow change?
If the object is close to the source of light, the shadow is bigger. If the direction of the source of light changes, the direction of the shadow also changes. We observe that shadows in the morning and evening form in different directions. Why does this happen?
Answers to Questions:
- If the torch is closer to the stick, the shadow gets bigger. If the torch is farther away, the shadow gets smaller.
- The shadow moves in the opposite direction of the torch. For example, if the torch moves left, the shadow moves right.
In the morning, the Sun is in the east, so shadows point west. In the evening, the Sun is in the west, so shadows point east. This happens because the Sun’s position changes in the sky.
Page No. 157
Draw
Draw the position of the Sun and corresponding shadows in the images given below.
Ans: Suggestion:
- Morning: Draw the Sun low in the east (left side of the picture). Draw a long shadow of a tree or person pointing west (right side).
- Noon: Draw the Sun high up in the sky (center of the picture). Draw a short shadow directly below the tree or person.
- Evening: Draw the Sun low in the west (right side of the picture). Draw a long shadow of a tree or person pointing east (left side).
Page No. 159
After sunset, the sky dazzles with thousands of twinkling stars. We observe various patterns of stars in the night sky. Draw any pattern you have observed, in the box below:
Share the drawing with your friends and discuss the common patterns of stars.
Ans: Suggestion:
- Draw a simple star pattern, like a group of 5-7 stars forming a shape (e.g., a triangle, a line, or a cluster). For example, you can draw the shape of the “Saptarshi” (seven stars that look like a spoon).
- Discussion: Talk with friends about the shapes you see in the sky. Some may see a spoon, a kite, or a group of stars that look like an animal. Share if the patterns look the same or different on different nights.
Page No. 160
Draw
Observe the Moon in the sky and draw the shapes of the Moon you have observed on different nights.
Ans:
- New Moon – The Moon is not visible; it looks completely dark.
- Waxing Crescent – A thin, curved shape like the letter ‘C’ appears on the right side.
- First Quarter – A half-moon shape with the right half lit, like a semicircle.
- Waxing Gibbous – More than half of the Moon is lit, but not a full circle yet.
- Full Moon – A complete circle shining brightly in the sky.
- Waning Gibbous – Still mostly round, but now the left side is shrinking.
- Last Quarter – A half-moon shape with the left half lit, like a semicircle.
- Waning Crescent – A thin, curved shape like a backward ‘C’ appears on the left side
Discuss
Discuss with your friends:
- Is there a pattern to the way the shape of the Moon changes?
- Are there days when the Moon is not visible in the sky?
Ans:
- Yes, the Moon’s shape changes in a pattern every month. It starts as a thin crescent, grows to a half Moon, then a full Moon, and shrinks back to a crescent. This happens over about 28 days.
- Yes, on the night of Amavasya (new Moon), the Moon is not visible because it is too close to the Sun in the sky.
Page No. 162 – 163
Write
Q: Do you celebrate any festivals in your family or community related to the Sun or the Moon? What do you call them in your language?
Ans: Yes, we celebrate festivals related to the Moon. For example:
- Diwali: Celebrated on Amavasya (no Moon). In Hindi, it’s called “Deepavali.”
- Raksha Bandhan: Celebrated on the full Moon. In Hindi, it’s called “Rakhi.”
- Eid: Celebrated when the crescent Moon is seen. In Urdu, it’s called “Eid-ul-Fitr.”
- Pongal: A festival related to the Sun, celebrated in Tamil as “Pongal.”
You can add festivals from your own community, like “Chhath Puja” (Sun worship) or “Karva Chauth” (Moon-related).
Let us reflect
Q1: Give two differences between:
(a) Day and night
Ans:
- Day has sunlight, and the sky is bright. Night is dark with stars and the Moon.
- During the day, we work and play. At night, we sleep.
(b) Sky in the morning and in the evening
Ans:
- In the morning, the sky is orange or pink, and the Sun rises in the east. In the evening, the sky is red or purple, and the Sun sets in the west.
- Morning shadows are long and point west. Evening shadows are long and point east.
(c) Our activities during the day and at night
Ans:
- During the day, we go to school and play outside. At night, we eat dinner and sleep.
- In the day, we use sunlight. At night, we use lamps or lights.
(d) Activities of animals during the day and at night.
Ans:
- During the day, birds fly and sing. At night, birds rest in nests.
- Day animals like cows are active in the day. Night animals like owls are active at night.
Q2: Enquire about something
A teacher said that the Sun appears to move from East to West during the day. Meera is curious about this statement and has some questions for her teacher. List at least two questions that she can ask.
Ans:
- Why does the Sun look like it moves from east to west?
- Does the Sun really move, or is it the Earth moving?
Q3: Figure it out
Suppose you stand at the same spot during the morning and the afternoon. In the morning, your shadow points in one direction, while in the afternoon it points in another. Why? Would the length of your shadow be the same at both times?
Ans:
- Why does the shadow point in different directions? In the morning, the Sun is in the east, so your shadow points west. In the afternoon, the Sun is in the west, so your shadow points east. This happens because the Sun’s position in the sky changes.
- Would the length of your shadow be the same at both times? No, the shadow’s length is not the same. In the morning, the shadow is longer because the Sun is low in the sky. In the afternoon, the shadow is shorter if the Sun is higher, but it gets longer again as the Sun goes lower.
Q4: Get creative with words:
(a) Write your own poem inspired by the beauty of the sky.
(b) Complete the riddle below and answer it:
Only one colour, but not one size
Appears with light, looks very nice
What is it?
Ans: (a) Poem:The sky is blue, so wide and high,
With fluffy clouds that float and fly.
At night, the stars twinkle so bright,
The Moon gives soft and gentle light.
(b) Riddle:
Completed Riddle:Only one colour, but not one size,
Appears with light, looks very nice,
It follows you when the Sun is bright,
Gone in the dark, it hides at night.
What is it?
Ans: A shadow.