Q1: Name any two fodder crops.
Ans: Berseem and Sudan grass are raised as food for the livestock, called fodder crops.
Q2: What do you understand by photoperiod of sunlight?
Ans: Photoperiods are related to the duration of sunlight required for plant growth.
Q3: Name two kharif crops.
Ans: Paddy and soybean.
Q4: Name two rabi crops.
Ans: Wheat and gram.
Q5: Define hybridization.
Ans: Hybridization refers to crossing between genetically dissimilar plants to obtain a better variety of crops.
Q6: What are genetically modified crops?
Ans: A gene with required characters can be introduced into a crop for its improvement; this crop is called genetically modified crop.
Q7: “Shorter the duration of the crop from sowing to harvesting, the more economical is the variety.” Give reason for this.
Ans: Farmers can grow more crops in a year due to short duration of crop growth and reduce the cost of crop production.
Q8: Name different types of crop production practices involved in India.
Ans: They are (a) no cost production, (b) low cost production and (c) high cost production.
Q9: What is mariculture?
Ans: The culture of marine fish in sea water is called mariculture.
Q10: What are macro-nutrients?
Ans: The nutrients required by plants in larger quantity are called macro-nutrients. They are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur.
Q11: Name the nutrients that plant obtains from air and water.
Ans: Air – Carbon and oxygen, Water – Hydrogen and oxygen.
Q12: State the difference between compost and vermicompost.
Ans: Compost is obtained by decomposition of organic waste naturally due to decomposition by bacteria. Vermi-compost is obtained by adding red-worms to organic matter to speed up decomposition.
Q13: How does deficiency of nutrients affect the crop?
Ans: Physiological processes can be affected by deficiency of any nutrient in plants including reproduction, growth and susceptibility to diseases.
Q14: Name two Indian cattle.
Ans: Bos indicus – cows, Bos bubalis – buffaloes.
Q15: How does Bos indicus differ from Bos bubalis?
Ans: Bos indicus is a cow while Bos bubalis is a buffalo.
Q16: Name the two vitamins which are added in the poultry feed.
Ans: Vitamins A and K.
Q17: From where do plants acquire the following nutrients?
(a) Nitrogen,
(b) Hydrogen.
Ans:
(a) Nitrogen from soil,
(b) Hydrogen from water.
Q18: What is animal husbandry?
Ans: Animal husbandry is the management and care of farm animals by humans for profit.
Q19: Mention the components of food present in vegetables and fruits.
Ans: Vegetables, spices and fruits provide a range of vitamins and minerals in addition to small amounts of proteins, carbohydrates and fats.
Q20: What causes disease in plants?
Ans: It is caused by pathogens such as bacteria, fungi and viruses.