Q1: Choose the correct option for each question.
(i) What caused the coloured patches on Disha’s uttapam?
A) Dust
B) Mould
C) Oil
D) Sugar
Ans: B) MouldBread with growing mould
(ii) Which method keeps air away from pickles?
A) Drying
B) Pickling
C) Eating
D) Freezing
Ans: B) Pickling
(iii) What is the role of microbes in food?
A) Spoiling food
B) Making food rise
C) Preparing food
D) All of the above
Ans: D) All of the above
(iv) Which fruit did Disha’s father bring home?
A) Mango
B) Lychee
C) Banana
D) Apple
Ans: B) LycheeDisha with family eating Lychees
(v) What does refrigeration do to microbes?
A) It speeds them up
B) It kills them
C) It slows them down
D) It has no effect
Ans: C) It slows them down
Q2: Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the chapter.
(i) Microbes can be found in __________, water, air, and inside us.
(ii) Drying food removes __________ from it.
(iii) Good microbes help the idli batter __________.
(iv) Eating bad food can cause __________.
(v) Seasonal fruits taste better when they are __________.Dried chilis
(i) Microbes can be found in soil, water, air, and inside us.
(ii) Drying food removes moisture from it.
(iii) Good microbes help the idli batter rise.
(iv) Eating bad food can cause indigestion.
(v) Seasonal fruits taste better when they are fresh.
Q3: State whether the following statements are True or False. Correct the false statements.
(i) Microbes are only found in soil and water.
Ans: False
(ii) Oil prevents air from reaching pickles.
Ans: True
(iii) Refrigeration is not useful for preserving food.
Ans: False
(iv) Chewing food properly releases saliva.
Ans: True
(v) Eating quickly is safe and doesn’t lead to choking.
Ans: False
Q4: Match the items in Column A with the correct descriptions in Column B.
Ans:
Q5: Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each.
(i) What causes food to spoil?
Ans: Food spoils because tiny living things called microbes grow on it. These microbes can make food smell bad and change its colour. Some microbes are helpful, but others can make food bad if there is moisture, air, and the right temperature.
(ii) How can we stop food from spoiling?
Ans: We can stop food from spoiling by keeping it dry, using oil, or putting it in the fridge. Drying removes water, oil keeps air out, and cold temperatures slow down the microbes that spoil food.
(iii) Why is it important to chew our food well?
Ans: Chewing food well is important because it helps break the food into smaller pieces. This makes it easier for our stomachs to digest the food and helps mix it with saliva, which starts the digestion process.
(iv) What should we do to keep our teeth healthy?
Ans: To keep our teeth healthy, we should brush them regularly, rinse our mouths after eating, and eat fewer sweets. Visiting the dentist when we have tooth problems is also very important.
(v) What are some foods that help with digestion?
Ans: Foods like curd and buttermilk help with digestion because they contain good microbes. These microbes help break down the food in our stomach and keep our tummy happy.Curd and Buttermilk
Q6: Answer the following questions in 4-6 sentences each. Use examples from the chapter to support your answers.
(i) Explain how microbes affect our food. Describe both harmful and helpful effects.
Ans: Microbes are tiny living things found everywhere – in soil, water, air, and inside our bodies
- Harmful effects: They spoil food by creating mould, a bad smell, and an unsafe taste (like Disha’s uttapam)
- Helpful effects: They help make curd from milk and aid stomach digestion
- Good microbes make the idli batter rise and become soft and fluffy
- While some microbes spoil food, others help us make and digest food properly
(ii) Describe four methods of food preservation and how they work.
Ans: Methods of food preservation:
- Drying: Removes moisture so microbes cannot grow (sun-dried chillies last all year)
- Oiling: Oil covers food to stop air from reaching it (pickles with mustard oil)
- Refrigeration: Cold temperatures slow down microbe growth (milk, vegetables stay fresh)
- Adding preservatives: Salt, sugar, and spices stop microbes from growing
- All methods work by removing water, air, or controlling the temperature that microbes need
(iii) Why is proper chewing important? Explain the role of different teeth and saliva.
Ans: Proper chewing breaks food into smaller pieces for easier digestion
Different teeth have different jobs:
- Incisors cut food
- Canines tear food
- Premolars crush food
- Molars grind food into mush
- Chewing releases saliva, which helps start digestion in the mouth
- Poor chewing can cause choking and make digestion difficult
(iv) What would happen without food preservation methods? Discuss the problems.
Ans: All food would spoil quickly after harvesting or cooking. People would face food shortages during the off-season
Major problems would include:
- No food storage for later use
- Difficulty transporting food over long distances
- Hunger during winter or dry seasons
- Food preservation allows us to store food safely and have a variety throughout the year
- It prevents food wastage and ensures people stay healthy and well-fed.