Direction: In the questions given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option:
Q1: Assertion (A): Population becomes human capital when there is investment in education, training and medical care.
Reason (R): Human capital is the stock of unskilled labour available in the country.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is correct but R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong but R is correct.
Ans: (c)
Assertion is correct because population becomes human capital when it is educated, trained, and healthy. Reason is incorrect because human capital refers to skilled and productive individuals, not unskilled labour.
Q2: Assertion (A): Investment in human capital yields returns just like investment in physical capital.
Reason (R): Educated and healthy individuals tend to contribute more effectively to the national income.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is correct but R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong but R is correct.
Ans: (a)
Both assertion and reason are true. Investing in human capital (education, training, health) results in better income and productivity, just like investing in machines or buildings.
The reason correctly explains the assertion.
Q3: Assertion (A): Vilas was able to secure a job in a private firm because of his technical education.
Reason (R): Education and health improve the quality of human capital.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is correct but R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong but R is correct.
Ans: (d)
The assertion is false because Vilas did not secure a job in a firm; instead, it was Sakal who got a job after technical education. The reason is true, as education and health do improve the quality of human capital.
Q4: Assertion (A): A large population is always a liability for a country.
Reason (R): Population contributes nothing to the economy if not invested in health and education.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is correct but R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong but R is correct.
Ans: (d)
Assertion is wrong—population can be an asset if it is healthy and educated.
Reason is correct because without investment in health and education, population may not contribute to the economy.
Q5: Assertion (A): Education helps individuals to make better use of the economic opportunities.
Reason (R): Illiterate and unhealthy people are always paid more in the market.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is correct but R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong but R is correct.
Ans: (c)
The assertion is correct—education improves employment chances and productivity. The reason is false—illiterate and unhealthy people are usually paid less, not more.
Q6: Assertion (A): Economic activities performed for pay or profit are called non-market activities.
Reason (R): Non-market activities are undertaken for self-consumption or self-use.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is correct but R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong but R is correct.
Ans: (d)
Assertion is incorrect—economic activities performed for profit are market activities, not non-market. Reason is correct—non-market activities include self-consumption or self-use (e.g., a woman cooking at home for her family).
Q7: Assertion (A): Unemployment has no impact on the overall growth of an economy.
Reason (R): Unemployment causes wastage of manpower and increases economic overload.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is correct but R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong but R is correct.
Ans: (d)
Assertion is wrong—unemployment negatively affects economic growth.
Reason is correct—it leads to wastage of human resource and increases the financial burden on the working population.
Q8: Assertion (A): Disguised unemployment occurs when more people are employed than actually needed.
Reason (R): In disguised unemployment, removal of extra workers does not affect total output.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is correct but R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong but R is correct.
Ans: (a)
Both are true and the reason correctly explains disguised unemployment. In agriculture, sometimes more people are working than needed, and removing some does not reduce output.
Q9: Assertion (A): Women with high education and skill are paid equally to men.
Reason (R): Employment in the unorganised sector provides high job security and regular income.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is correct but R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong but R is correct.
Ans: (c)
Assertion is correct—women with high education and skills do get equal pay.
Reason is incorrect—unorganised sector lacks job security and pays low wages.
Q10: Assertion (A): Health is an indispensable basis for realising one’s well-being.
Reason (R): A healthy person can work more efficiently and effectively.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is correct but R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong but R is correct.
Ans: (a)
Both are true and the reason explains the assertion well. A healthy person is more productive and contributes more effectively to the economy.