khushikhanera

Introduction

•  This lesson is a letter exchange between two friends, Soumya and Ananda, who share their feelings about brave soldiers who fought for India. 
•  Soumya writes about her visit to the National War Memorial in New Delhi, describing how it honours soldiers who died in wars. 
•  She shares stories of heroes and the memorial’s features, like the eternal flame and circles representing bravery and sacrifice. 
•  Ananda replies, expressing gratitude and inspiration to join the Armed Forces. 
•  The lesson teaches us to respect and remember soldiers’ sacrifices for our freedom. 

Explanation of the Story

The story is told through two letters between Soumya, who lives in Bengaluru, and Ananda, who lives in Chandigarh. It focuses on their thoughts about soldiers and Soumya’s visit to the National War Memorial.

Soumya’s Letter (14 April):

Soumya writes to Ananda, reminding him of their earlier conversation about war and peace. She reflects on India’s journey—its fight for independence and the wars fought after 1947 to defend the nation. Curious about the brave soldiers who sacrificed their lives, Soumya finds some answers during her school trip to New Delhi, where she visits the National War Memorial.

Her teacher explains that the memorial, built between April 2018 and February 2019 near India Gate and inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, honours soldiers who died in conflicts such as the Indo-China War (1962), Indo-Pak Wars (1965 and 1971), and the Kargil War (1999). The memorial holds 29,000 tablets with over 26,000 names of fallen heroes.

Soumya also learns about bravery awards like the Param Vir Chakra (PVC), awarded to 21 soldiers, starting with Major Somnath Sharma in 1947. Other notable heroes include Lance Naik Albert Ekka, Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon, Second Lieutenant Arun Khetarpal, and Major Hoshiar Singh. Captain Mahendra Nath Mulla, a Navy officer, received the Maha Vir Chakra (MVC).

Inspired by the story of Lance Naik Albert Ekka, who bravely fought and died in the 1971 war despite serious injuries, Soumya feels a deep desire to one day serve the nation like him.

The National War Memorial has several symbolic sections:

• Amar Chakra (Circle of Immortality): Home to the eternal flame, symbolising that soldiers’ spirits live on.
• Veerta Chakra (Circle of Bravery): Displays six bronze murals of heroic battles.
• Tyag Chakra (Circle of Sacrifice): Walls shaped like a Chakravyuh formation, listing soldiers’ names.
• Raksha Chakra (Circle of Protection): Rows of trees representing the protectors of the nation.

Soumya describes the memorial’s beauty—the respectful wreaths, the lighting that changes from dawn to dusk, and the pride mixed with sadness she felt. Her class is preparing presentations about soldiers, and she chooses Major Padmapani Acharya, a 1999 Kargil War hero who, despite severe injuries, led his men to victory and was posthumously awarded the MVC. Soumya ends her letter excitedly, sharing a website link about the memorial.Ananda’s Letter (24 April)

Ananda is deeply moved by Soumya’s letter. He praises her vivid description and agrees that the National War Memorial is not just a monument but a symbol of gratitude for those who gave their lives for India’s freedom. Inspired by her experience, he too dreams of joining the Armed Forces.

He recalls visiting a war memorial in Chandigarh’s Bougainvillaea Garden, where people laid flowers to honour fallen soldiers. This visit reminds him of the famous Hindi poem Pushp ki Abhilasha by Makhanlal Chaturvedi, where a flower wishes to fall on the path of brave soldiers rather than be used for mere decoration.

Ananda shares his admiration for Captain Anuj Nayyar, another MVC awardee from the Kargil War, whose mother wrote a heartfelt book about him. Ananda mentions an interview where Captain Nayyar’s mother talks about the pain and pride of keeping her son’s memory alive.

Excited about the National War Memorial and Museum app, which provides information in 21 languages and showcases murals, Ananda expresses his wish to visit the memorial one day. He also plans to suggest creating a collage of inspiring heroes at school.

Before ending, Ananda warmly shares his love for philately—stamp collecting—and appreciates Soumya’s beautifully stamped letters. He concludes by telling her that her letter truly inspired him.

Moral of the Story

• The lesson teaches us to be thankful for soldiers who gave their lives so we can live in a free and safe country.
• It encourages us to honour their bravery by remembering their stories, visiting memorials, and learning about their sacrifices.
• The story also inspires us to be courageous, serve our nation, and live in a way that respects the freedom soldiers fought for.

Difficult Words

Here are the meanings of some words from the lesson, explained simply:

• Homage: Showing respect publicly for someone.
• Memorial: A place or statue built to remember people who died.
• Patriotism: Love and loyalty for one’s country.
• Sacrifices: Giving up something important, like life, for a cause.
• Inaugurated: Officially opened or started.
• Tribute: An act to show respect or gratitude.
• Etched: Carved or written permanently, like names on stone.
• Gallantry: Great courage, especially in battle.
• Posthumously: After someone has died.
• Citation: A description of someone’s brave actions for an award.
• Awestruck: Feeling amazed and impressed.
• Commemorates: Honors and remembers officially.
• Obelisk: A tall, pointed stone pillar.
• Wreaths: Rings of flowers used to show respect for the dead.
• Interminable: Never-ending, like an eternal flame.
• Murals: Large paintings or designs on walls.
• Valour: Great bravery in danger.
• Solemn: Serious and respectful.
• Sovereignty: A country’s independence and control over itself.
• Philately: The hobby of collecting stamps.

Introduction

• This chapter tells the inspiring story of a young woman who faced a life-changing accident but refused to give up.
• With strong will and determination, she overcame challenges to achieve something extraordinary.
• It is a story of courage, hope, and never giving up on dreams, no matter how tough things get.

Explanation of the Story

Early Life and Dreams

Arunima Sinha, a 24-year-old from Ambedkar Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, was always passionate about sports. Her father was an army engineer, and her mother worked as a health supervisor. Arunima excelled in sports, especially volleyball, and after completing her law degree, she planned to join the paramilitary forces. This would allow her to pursue her love for sports while building a career.

A Life-Changing Incident

On April 11, 2011, Arunima’s life took a dramatic turn when she met with a terrible train accident. She lost one of her legs, and doctors had to fit her with an artificial limb. While recovering in the hospital, Arunima, refusing to give up, found new inspiration. She read about Mount Everest and decided she would climb it, despite her injury. Many thought this dream was impossible, but Arunima was firm in her resolve.

The Climb to Mount Everest

To achieve her dream, Arunima trained rigorously. She enrolled at the Nehru Institute of Mountaineering in Uttarkashi and underwent 18 months of intense preparation. She was guided by Bachendri Pal, the first Indian woman to climb Mount Everest, who believed that Arunima had already won by daring to dream so big.

After 52 challenging days of climbing, on May 21, 2013, Arunima reached the summit of Mount Everest. She proudly planted the Indian flag and placed a photograph of Swami Vivekananda, her inspiration, at the top. She became the first Indian woman with an artificial leg to achieve this remarkable feat.

Conquering the Seven Summits

Arunima’s achievements didn’t stop with Everest. By July 2016, she had conquered the highest peaks of all seven continents, including mountains in Europe, Africa, Australia, South America, North America, and Antarctica. In January 2019, she became the first woman amputee to climb Mount Vinson in Antarctica, completing her mission to conquer the Seven Summits.

The Spirit of Arunima’s Journey

Arunima’s story is not just about physical endurance but about incredible mental strength and courage. Her journey proves that with determination, perseverance, and belief in oneself, even the most impossible challenges can be overcome.

Moral of the Story

• The story teaches us that no matter how difficult life gets, we should never give up on our dreams.
• With courage, hard work, and belief in ourselves, we can achieve great things, even when others think it’s impossible.
• Arunima’s journey shows that challenges can make us stronger if we face them with determination.

Difficult Words

• Beacon: A source of inspiration or guidance, like a light that shows the way.
• Resilience: The ability to bounce back from tough situations.
• Amputated: When a part of the body, like a leg, is surgically removed.
• Prosthetic leg: An artificial leg that helps a person move and walk.
• Feat: A great achievement or success.
• Harrowing: Something very upsetting or scary.
• Rigorous: Very strict or tough, like hard training.
• Endeavour: A serious effort to achieve something.
• Surge: A sudden strong feeling or increase, like a wave of emotions.
• Endurance: The ability to keep doing something difficult for a long time.

Introduction

• This short and lively poem, written by Edna St. Vincent Millay, expresses a deep love for travel and adventure through the speaker’s fascination with trains.
• The speaker imagines the sounds and sights of trains passing by, even when they are far away, and feels a strong urge to hop on any train, no matter its destination.
• The poem captures the excitement of exploring new places and the joy of making friends, while highlighting the speaker’s restless spirit and longing for new experiences.

Explanation of the Poem Stanza 1

The railroad track is miles away,
And the day is loud with voices speaking,
Yet there isn’t a train goes by all day
But I hear its whistle shrieking.

Explanation: 

In this stanza, the speaker describes how the railway tracks are far from where they are, and the day is noisy with people talking. Despite the distance and the absence of trains passing nearby, the speaker imagines hearing the loud, piercing whistle of a train every time one goes by. The word “shrieking” makes the whistle sound sharp and exciting, showing how the speaker’s mind is always on trains. This reflects their strong fascination with travel, as the idea of a train’s journey captures their attention even in a busy, noisy day, pulling them away from the chatter around them.

Stanza 2

All night there isn’t a train goes by,
Though the night is still for sleep and dreaming,
But I see its cinders red on the sky,
And hear its engine steaming.

Explanation: 

Here, the speaker talks about the quiet night, a time meant for sleeping and dreaming. Even though no trains pass close by, the speaker imagines seeing the train’s red cinders—glowing sparks from the engine—lighting up the night sky and hearing the sound of the engine puffing steam. This vivid picture shows how the speaker’s imagination keeps the train alive in their mind, even in the calm and silent night. The cinders and steaming engine add a sense of movement and energy, revealing the speaker’s excitement about trains and the adventures they represent, keeping them awake with thoughts of travel.

Stanza 3

My heart is warm with the friends I make,
And better friends I’ll not be knowing;
Yet there isn’t a train I wouldn’t take,
No matter where it’s going.

Explanation: 

In the final stanza, the speaker shares their love for the friends they’ve made, describing their heart as “warm” with affection and saying they couldn’t find better friends. However, despite this happiness, the speaker admits they would jump on any train, no matter where it’s headed. This shows a powerful pull toward travel and exploration that is stronger than their ties to friends. The phrase “no matter where it’s going” highlights the speaker’s adventurous spirit, ready to embrace the unknown just for the thrill of the journey. It balances the comfort of friendship with the irresistible call of new experiences.

Moral of the Poem

• The poem teaches us that a love for adventure and exploration can live alongside strong connections with friends.
• It encourages us to embrace curiosity and be open to new experiences, even if it means leaving the familiar behind.
• The speaker’s excitement for travel shows that following your passions can lead to a fuller, more exciting life.

Difficult Words

Here are the meanings of some difficult words from the poem, explained simply:

• Railroad: A track made of steel rails for trains to travel on.
• Shrieking: Making a loud, high-pitched sound, like a sharp whistle.
• Cinders: Small pieces of burnt coal or wood, like glowing sparks from a train’s engine.
• Steaming: Giving off steam, like the puffing sound from a train’s engine.
• Warm: Full of love or affection, like feeling happy and close to friends.

Introduction

•  This exciting story, written by Ruskin Bond, follows Suraj, a young boy who loves adventure and is fascinated by trains. 
•  Set in a jungle near a railway tunnel, the story describes Suraj’s visit to watch a steam train burst out of the tunnel and his unexpected meeting with Sunder Singh, the watchman who looks after the tunnel. 
•  Together, they share a thrilling moment when they face a leopard in the tunnel, forming a special friendship. 
•  The story is full of vivid descriptions of the jungle and the train, capturing the thrill of exploration and bravery. 

Explanation of the Story

Suraj’s Fascination with the Jungle Train

The story begins on a hot noon in a jungle where a railway track cuts through towering evergreen trees. Suraj, a young boy, waits near a tunnel, eager to watch the midday steam train burst out. He isn’t catching a train; he simply loves the sight of it, finding it magical. He has cycled from town, hidden his bike in a nearby village, and walked over a hill to reach the tunnel’s exit.

As he waits, he hears the distant whistle and rumble. The train bursts out like a green, black, and gold dragon, spitting sparks and roaring past, stirring the jungle into motion. After the train passes, Suraj, curious, decides to walk through the tunnel. Inside, it’s damp, smoky, and dark, with a bat and a lizard startling him. Emerging into sunlight on the other side, he notices a flash of orange and gold on the hillside—a swishing tail disappearing among the trees.

Meeting Sunder Singh, the Watchman

Nearby, Suraj finds a small hut belonging to Sunder Singh, the tunnel’s watchman. His job is to inspect the tunnel and signal trains if anything is wrong—using a red flag by day or an oil lamp at night. Sunder Singh welcomes Suraj warmly, joking that the tunnel is “his,” though officially it belongs to the government.

As they chat, Suraj mentions the flash he saw, and Sunder Singh explains it was “his” leopard—a familiar visitor to the area, harmless unless provoked. He also tells Suraj about the night train at 9 p.m., inviting him to return and promising to escort him home safely. Suraj leaves, planning to get his parents’ permission.

The Night Adventure

The next evening, Suraj returns. As the jungle cools and darkens, they enjoy tea, surrounded by the sounds of birds and forest creatures. When darkness falls, Sunder Singh checks the tunnel with his oil lamp while Suraj waits.

Suddenly, they hear a sawing sound from the tunnel. Realising the leopard is inside and could be hit by the oncoming train, Sunder Singh decides to scare it away. Taking an axe for safety and reassuring Suraj, they both enter the tunnel. Their shouts and lamp startle the leopard, which flees into the jungle. After ensuring the tracks are clear, they step aside just in time as the night train roars through, leaving the jungle still and silent once again.

Suraj’s Farewell to the Jungle

A week later, Suraj rides the same night train with his father, who is heading to Delhi on business. As the train crosses bridges and villages, Suraj recognises the tunnel. Peering out into the darkness, he spots a familiar glow—the oil lamp of Sunder Singh, standing watch. As the train speeds through and the jungle fades behind, Suraj thinks fondly of the lonely watchman who lights up the darkness for both trains and leopards.

Moral of the Story

• The story teaches us that courage and curiosity can lead to exciting adventures and unexpected friendships.
• Suraj’s bravery in exploring the tunnel and facing the leopard with Sunder Singh shows that stepping out of your comfort zone can bring rewarding experiences.
• It also highlights the importance of kindness and trust, as seen in the bond between Suraj and Sunder Singh, who work together to protect the leopard.

Difficult Words

Here are the meanings of some difficult words from the story, explained simply:

• Shimmered: Shined with a soft, wavy light.
• Embankment: A wall of stones or earth to support a railway.
• Cutting: A narrow path dug through a hill for a railway.
• Scrub-covered: Covered with short trees and bushes.
• Serpents: Snakes, used here to describe the railway tracks.
• Snorting: Making a loud sound through the nose, like the train’s engine.
• Puffing: Blowing out air or steam in short bursts.
• Instinctively: Doing something without thinking, like a reflex.
• Flinch: To pull back quickly from something surprising or scary.
• Plume: A long, thin cloud, like smoke trailing behind.
• Shisham: A type of tree found in northern India.
• Contemplation: Deep thinking or daydreaming.
• Reassure: To make someone feel calm or safe.
• Scuttled: Ran quickly with small steps.
• Dazzled: Blinded or amazed by bright light.
• Swishing: Moving with a soft, sweeping sound, like a tail.
• Obstacles: Things that block or get in the way.
• Porcupine: A small animal with sharp spines on its back.
• Range: An area or region, like where the leopard roams.
• Yawned: Opened the mouth wide, usually when tired.
• Swooped: Moved down quickly through the air, like birds flying.
• Scent: A pleasant smell, like of flowers.
• Tailorbird: A small bird known for sewing leaves to make a nest.
• Twilight: The soft light just after sunset or before sunrise.
• Quaint: Unusual or old-fashioned in a charming way.
• Nightjar: A bird active at night with a short beak.
• Flexing: Bending or stretching, like limbs moving.
• Trimming: Adjusting, like fixing the wick of a lamp.
• Padded: Soft, quiet steps, like an animal’s footsteps.
• Rustle: A soft sound, like leaves moving.
• Sawing: A back-and-forth sound, like cutting wood.
• Lithe: Slim and graceful in movement.
• Sinewy: Lean and strong, with visible muscles.
• Snarling: Growling with teeth shown, like an angry animal.
• Twitching: Making small, sudden movements.
• Defying: Challenging or standing up against something.
• Tremor: A slight shaking or vibration.
• Scribbling: Writing quickly or messily.
• Fringe: The edge or border, like the jungle’s boundary.
• Flickering: Shining with an unsteady, wavering light.

Introduction

• This story follows Shaana, a young girl from Rameswaram island, who travels across India with her parents.
• Through postcards written to her friends, she shares her experiences of visiting different places, exploring diverse landscapes, and learning about India’s rich geography and culture.
• The story highlights the beauty and variety of India’s regions.

ExplanationShaana’s travel adventure takes her across various parts of India, each with its unique geography, weather, and wildlife. Her journey reflects her curiosity, playful spirit, and growing confidence.

Kashmir (North) – Glaciers and SnowballsIn her 30 April postcard, Shaana writes from Thajiwas Glacier in Kashmir, high up in the north. She describes the white and blue glaciers and how they all had to wear four layers of clothes because of the freezing cold. Her parents enjoy throwing snowballs at each other and love the place. However, they notice that there was more snow the previous year, hinting at possible climate changes. Shaana likes the snow but feels so cold that her hands shake from not wearing gloves. She ends her note by sending love to her PT teacher and Library Ma’am.

Thajiwas Glacier

Himachal Pradesh – Mountains and Playful ImaginationOn 10 May, Shaana reaches Himachal Pradesh. She enjoys the peaceful mountains and is woken up each morning by the chirping of colourful birds. At night, she hears growling sounds and imagines they are bears, but her mother says it’s just her father snoring. She even jokes about wanting to hug a bear, showing her playful imagination and adventurous spirit.

Arunachal Pradesh – Forests and Red PandasIn her 17 May postcard, Shaana travels all the way east to Arunachal Pradesh, which she learns is far from Himachal Pradesh. The journey includes two trains and a long drive through a dense forest, where they reach a treehouse. The forest is so thick that Shaana warns that if you blink or stop to tie your shoelace, you could get lost. She declares Arunachal her favourite stop so far and hopes to see red pandas, reflecting her growing love for nature and wildlife.

Red Pandas

Sundarbans, West Bengal – Mangroves and Crocodiles

By 24 May, Shaana reaches the Sundarbans in West Bengal, a wetland area where mangrove trees grow in seawater. She is surprised to learn this and feels amazed. During a boat ride, she spots crocodiles and a lonely snake, which makes her both nervous and excited. Her mother expresses sadness about how much the area floods now, gently introducing the topic of climate change.

Sundarbans

Gujarat – Deserts and Surprise Test

In her 30 May postcard, Shaana shares that they’ve crossed the entire country from east to west, reaching Gujarat. She finds the desert hot, dry, and sandy, calling it a beach without the sea. Although she dislikes the heat, she loves the colourful clothes worn by people in the region. Her mother surprises her with a holiday test, and Shaana proudly says she scored 88%, showing she’s still learning even while travelling.

Narmada River – Rafting and Water Thrills

On 7 June, Shaana writes about travelling to the Narmada River in central India, after leaving the desert. She tries rafting, which she finds wild and fast, unlike the calm image she had of rivers. She ends up soaked, while her father is so scared he swears never to go rafting again. Shaana, on the other hand, loves the water and wants to do it again.

Goa – Plateaus, Beaches, and Tunnels

Shaana writes from Goa on 12 June, describing the beautiful plateaus, hills, and beaches. She travels by train through many tunnels, something she used to fear but now enjoys. She says she would love to go on a plateau tour with her friends in the future, showing how her confidence has grown.

Chennai and Puducherry – Surfing and Family Fun

In her 17 June postcard, Shaana returns to Tamil Nadu, visiting Chennai and then Puducherry. She learns to surf and only falls twice, proudly saying she’s good at it now. Her parents play in the water like children, and she jokes about having to control them. She also observes that the waves and water here are different from those on her island.

Olaikaadu Beach – Floating and Pebble Treasures

On 24 June, before heading home, Shaana’s family stops at Olaikaadu beach. She wants to learn diving, but there aren’t any suits in her size, so she spends the day floating and watching fish while her parents dive. She also collects pretty pebbles, which she plans to gift her classmates.

Back Home in Rameswaram – Reflections and Farewell

In her final letter dated 25 June, Shaana writes to her parents, amazed that they travelled across the entire country. She fondly remembers the forests, glaciers, deserts, wetlands, rivers, plateaus, and beaches, as well as the different languages and people they encountered. She expresses a desire to travel again and take her friends along next time.

Conclusion: A Journey Through India’s DiversityShaana’s adventure captures the geographical and cultural richness of India—from the snowy glaciers of the north to the sandy deserts of the west, the thick forests of the east to the beaches of the south. Through her postcards, she shares her joy, imagination, fears, and growing confidence. Her journey is both an exploration of nature and a discovery of herself, showing that travel is not just about visiting places—but about seeing the world with curiosity and wonder.

Moral of the Story

• The story teaches us to appreciate the beauty and diversity of our country.
• It encourages curiosity and openness to new experiences, as Shaana learns about different landscapes, animals, and environmental changes.
• It also shows the importance of sharing experiences with others, fostering a sense of connection and understanding.

Difficult Words

• Glacier: A large mass of ice that moves slowly over land.
• Chirping: Short, sharp sounds made by birds.
• Snoring: Loud breathing noises made while sleeping.
• Treehouse: A small house built in a tree.
• Wetlands: Areas of land covered with water, like marshes or swamps.
• Mangroves: Trees that grow in salty coastal waters.
• Plateaus: Flat, elevated areas of land.
• Rafting: Traveling on a river using a small inflatable boat.
• Pebbles: Small, smooth stones.
• Floods: When water overflows onto dry land.

Introduction

• This gentle and imaginative poem, written by Rabindranath Tagore, captures the simple joy of a child floating paper boats down a stream.
• The child writes their name and village on the boats, hoping someone far away will find them.
• The poem blends the child’s playful actions with dreams of connection, using nature and imagination to create a peaceful and hopeful mood.
• It reflects the innocence and curiosity of childhood.

Explanation of the PoemStanza 1

Day by day I float my paper boats one by one down the running stream.

Explanation:

The poem begins with the child describing how they carefully send their paper boats down a flowing stream, one at a time, every day. This simple, repetitive act shows the child’s love for this joyful routine, which brings them excitement and peace. The phrase “day by day” emphasises that this is a special part of their daily life, like a cherished ritual. The “running stream” is lively and moving, symbolising a pathway that carries the child’s boats—and their hopes—toward unknown destinations, sparking their sense of adventure and wonder.

Stanza 2

In big black letters I write my name on them and the name of the village where I live.
I hope that someone in some strange land will find them and know who I am.

Explanation:

Here, the child explains that they write their name and the name of their village in bold, big black letters on each boat. This act is like sending a message in a bottle, hoping a stranger in a faraway “strange land” will discover the boat and learn about them. The big black letters show the child’s eagerness to be noticed and remembered, making the boats personal and meaningful. This stanza reveals the child’s curiosity about the world and their longing to connect with others, even those they’ve never met, through their small creations.

Stanza 3

I load my little boats with shiuli flower from our garden, and hope that these blooms of the dawn will be carried safely to land in the night.

Explanation:

In this stanza, the child shares that they fill their paper boats with shiuli flowers from their garden, hoping these delicate flowers, which bloom at dawn, will reach another land by night. The shiuli flowers, small and fragrant, symbolise beauty, purity, and the freshness of a new day. By placing them in the boats, the child adds a precious gift to their message, trusting the stream to carry them gently. This act shows the child’s care and optimism, as they imagine their flowers travelling through the day to bring joy to someone far away, connecting their world to another.

Stanza 4

I launch my paper boats and look up into the sky and see the little clouds setting the white bulging sails.
I know not what playmate of mine in the sky sends them down the air to race with my boats!

Explanation:

As the child sets the boats afloat, they look up and see small clouds in the sky that look like they have “white bulging sails,” resembling boats racing through the air. The child imagines these clouds as playful friends sent by an unseen “playmate” in the sky, joining in a fun race with their paper boats. This vivid imagination turns a simple activity into a magical game, linking the child’s boats with the natural world. The clouds, fluffy and swift, add a joyful and dreamy element, making the child feel like they’re part of a bigger, playful adventure with nature.

Stanza 5

When night comes I bury my face in my arms and dream that my paper boats float on and on under the midnight stars.
The fairies of sleep are sailing in them, and the lading is their baskets full of dreams.

Explanation:

When night falls, the child rests, burying their face in their arms, and dreams of their paper boats continuing to float under the twinkling midnight stars. In their dream, “fairies of sleep” sail in the boats, carrying baskets filled with dreams. This magical image blends the child’s real boats with a fantasy world, where their creations travel through a starry night. The gentle fairies and baskets of dreams create a peaceful, hopeful mood, suggesting that the child’s hopes and imagination keep moving forward, spreading wonder even in their sleep. This stanza ends the poem with a calm, dreamy vision of endless possibilities.

Moral of the Poem

• The poem teaches us that even small actions, like floating paper boats, can carry big dreams and hopes.
• It shows how a child’s imagination can connect them to the world, inspiring us to stay curious and find joy in simple things.
• The poem encourages us to dream freely and believe that our small efforts can reach far and touch others.

Difficult Words

Here are the meanings of some difficult words from the poem, explained simply:

• Float: To drift or move gently on the water’s surface.
• Stream: A small, flowing body of water, like a tiny river.
• Shiuli: Small, white, sweet-smelling flowers that bloom in the early morning.
• Blooms: Flowers, especially when they are open and pretty.
• Dawn: The time in the early morning when the sun begins to rise.
• Launch: To send something, like a boat, into motion or start its journey.
• Bulging: Swelling or puffing out, like sails filled with wind.
• Playmate: A friend who plays games or has fun with you.
• Bury: To hide or cover, like resting your face in your arms.
• Fairies: Tiny, magical beings from stories, often kind and gentle.
• Lading: The load or items carried, like the fairies’ baskets of dreams.

Introduction

• This funny and exciting story, written by Anita Rau Badami, is told by Anita, a 14-year-old girl, about her younger brother Anand, who loves inventing things.
• Anand thinks he’s a scientist and creates gadgets that often cause trouble.
• The story describes two of his inventions—a burglar alarm that soaks their father and a time machine that might have worked during a real burglary.
• The tale is full of humour and shows Anand’s creative spirit, even if his inventions don’t always go as planned.

Explanation of the Story

The Burglar Alarm Disaster

The story begins with Anita’s father returning home, only to get drenched by a falling water bag rigged to a “burglar alarm.” Furious and soaked, he demands to know who is behind the mess. Anita and her younger brother Anand exchange glances — Anand, the self-proclaimed inventor, is the one responsible. Their mother guesses right away that Anand is behind it.

Anita, 14, narrates how her 13-year-old brother is always tinkering with electrical gadgets and dreaming up wild inventions that rarely work as expected. After a wave of thefts in their neighbourhood, Anand decided to invent a burglar alarm that would activate when someone gently opened the door, releasing a water bag and ringing a bell.

Unfortunately, the alarm couldn’t distinguish between a thief and a family member. So, when Papa returned and opened the door softly, he triggered the device and got soaked. Anita had warned Anand not to involve her if anything went wrong — and wisely kept her distance when Papa got angry. After the mishap, Anand didn’t invent anything for about a week.

The Time Machine Experiment

Anand’s curiosity sparked again after watching the movie Back to the Future, which featured a time-traveling machine. He became obsessed with the idea of building one himself. Papa, worried about the chaos from Anand’s last invention, locked up his toolbox, while Ma kept a close eye on household appliances to stop Anand from taking parts.

Despite this, Anand transformed his room into a buzzing lab filled with wires, switches, springs, and bulbs. After two weeks of noisy and secretive work, Anand announced that his time machine was complete. Papa firmly refused to test it, but Ma softened and persuaded him to at least take a look.

Soon after, Ma and Papa had to attend a wedding in Kharagpur and reluctantly agreed to leave Anand and Anita home alone for one night. They made Anand promise not to touch the time machine in their absence — a promise he made half-heartedly.

The Intruder and the Strange Disappearance

That night, while Anita was reading late into the night, she heard strange scratching and clicking sounds at the front door. Alarmed, she woke Anand. Moments later, the door burst open, and they saw Boppa — a rough-looking man who had recently started sweeping the neighbourhood. He threatened them with a stick and demanded to know where their father’s room was.

Thinking quickly, Anand lied and pointed Boppa to his own room — the one with the time machine — buying them time. Soon after, strange and eerie sounds like crashes, thumps, and a humming noise came from that room.

Panicked, Anand and Anita shouted for help. Neighbours, including Mrs. and Mr. Sharma and Dr. Mohan, came rushing in and freed the children. They entered Anand’s room to find the time machine still humming — but Boppa had vanished. Only his green scarf lay near the machine. Despite a thorough search, Boppa was nowhere to be found. The adults believed he had run away unnoticed, but Anand insisted the time machine had transported him through time.

A New Beginning

Boppa was never seen again, and his mysterious disappearance remained unsolved. Papa dismantled the time machine, saying it was unsafe — though perhaps a tiny part of him wondered if it had actually worked.

Anand, however, was thrilled. Convinced he was a genius, he immediately launched into a new project: inventing a telephone to contact aliens. Anita, amused and exasperated, continued to watch and narrate the adventures of her wildly imaginative brother.

Moral of the Story

• The story teaches us that creativity and imagination are important, even if things don’t always work out as planned.
• Anand’s inventions caused trouble, but his quick thinking helped during a dangerous moment.
• It shows that trying new ideas is valuable, and mistakes can lead to unexpected solutions.

Difficult Words

Here are the meanings of some difficult words from the story, explained simply:

• Racket: A loud and annoying noise.
• Sopping: Completely wet, like being soaked with water.
• Scowling: Looking angry or upset with a frown.
• Rigged up: Put together quickly or temporarily.
• Tinkering: Playing or experimenting with tools or gadgets.
• Dynamos: Machines that make electricity.
• Hoo-ha: A big fuss or commotion.
• Blueprint: A detailed plan or drawing for a project.
• Clanging: A loud, ringing sound, like metal hitting metal.
• Stealthily: Moving quietly or secretly to avoid being noticed.
• Sceptical: Doubting or not believing something easily.
• Frantic: Hurried and disorganized, often in a panic.
• Crestfallen: Looking sad or disappointed.
• Offended: Feeling upset or hurt by something said or done.
• Groggily: Acting sleepy or confused, like just waking up.
• Ruffianly: Looking rough or like a troublemaker.
• Brandishing: Waving something, like a stick, in a threatening way.
• Cudgel: A short, thick stick used as a weapon.
• Muffled: A sound that’s quiet or not clear, like it’s covered.
• Eerie: Strange and a bit scary.
• Clattering: Loud, repeated noises, like things banging together.
• Unison: Doing something together at the same time.
• Hastily: Doing something quickly, often without care.
• Peering: Looking closely or carefully.
• Indulgently: Acting kindly or fondly, often with a smile.
• Intruders: People who enter a place without permission.
• Dismantled: Taken apart into pieces.
• Niggling: A small, nagging feeling or doubt.

Introduction

• This humorous play, written by G.C. Thornley, tells the story of Mary Shaw, a young girl who wants to talk to guests visiting her home.
• Her mother, Mrs. Shaw, teaches her how to be polite and say kind things to make the guests feel welcome.
• However, when the guests arrive, Mary makes funny mistakes by saying the wrong things, upsetting them.
• The play shows the importance of speaking carefully and kindly to others.

Explanation of the Story 

Scene I: Preparing for the Guests

The story begins with Mrs. Shaw preparing the house for two guests, Mrs. Harding and Mrs. Lee. She asks her daughter, Mary, to put away a coat to keep the room tidy, as she wants to make a good impression. Mary complains that her mother always tells her to clean up and insists she’s not a child. Mrs. Shaw explains that Mrs. Harding is the wife of a wealthy man who recently moved to Lanfield, and Mrs. Lee is his sister, staying with them. Mary is curious about the visit and asks what they’ll talk about. Mrs. Shaw says it will be about various things and that Mary will need to visit people and talk politely in the future.

Mary boasts that she can talk well and wants to stay and speak with the guests. Mrs. Shaw is hesitant, worried that Mary might say the wrong things and ruin her chance to become friends with Mrs. Harding. Mary insists she knows how to be polite, saying phrases like “Good afternoon” and “How are you?” Mrs. Shaw agrees to let her stay but gives her advice: be kind, say things that make people happy, laugh to keep the mood light, and start conversations if everyone is quiet. She also tells Mary to ask guests to stay longer when they want to leave, like saying, “Must you go? Can’t you stay?” Mary promises to follow these rules, changes into a clean dress, and feels confident she can handle the visit.

Scene II: The Visit Goes Wrong

Mrs. Harding and Mrs. Lee arrive at Mrs. Shaw’s house. Mrs. Shaw welcomes them politely and is happy they like the new town, Lanfield. When the room becomes quiet, she looks at her daughter Mary to speak kindly as she was told earlier.

But Mary immediately makes a mistake. She compliments Mrs. Harding for having “beautiful children,” but Mrs. Harding replies that she has no children. Mary keeps insisting she saw a boy and a girl, which makes Mrs. Harding unhappy and everyone uncomfortable.

To change the topic, Mrs. Shaw talks about Mr. Best, a man who lives nearby. Mary jokes about him traveling to London every day, calling it a boring life. She also says that he only reads newspapers and makes a rude comment about bankers. Mrs. Lee then says that her brother is also a banker and does the same. Mary feels embarrassed and says sorry.

Mrs. Shaw brings up Mrs. Best to lighten the mood, but Mary laughs at her clothes—a blue dress with a red coat. Mrs. Harding then says she also wears the same clothes, which makes things awkward again.

Mary tries to keep talking but keeps saying the wrong things. She speaks badly about Mrs. Cotter for staying in bed and calling the doctor often. But then Mrs. Harding says she stays in bed in the morning, and Mrs. Lee says she goes to the doctor regularly. Mary quietly says sorry again.

Then, when Mrs. Shaw mentions her good friend Mrs. Grantley, Mary calls her “too talkative” and says such women aren’t interesting. Mrs. Lee calmly replies that her mother is very talkative. Mary is embarrassed once again.

Next, Mary sees a dirty dog outside and complains about it loudly. Mrs. Harding looks out and says that the dog, Towzer, belongs to her. Mary blushes and apologizes.

Still looking out, Mary sees Mr. Pomeroy riding a horse and makes fun of him for riding and practising shooting every day. But Mrs. Lee says her brother does the same and even moved to Lanfield for those activities.

Finally, Mrs. Harding says they must leave. Mrs. Shaw, trying to be polite, asks them to stay longer. But Mary forgets everything her mother taught her and says the wrong thing: “Oh, must you stay? Can’t you go?”

The visit ends in an uncomfortable silence, and Mary’s attempt to be helpful turns into a series of embarrassing moments for everyone.

Moral of the Story

• The play teaches us that we should think before we speak and choose words that are kind and respectful.
• Mary’s mistakes show that being polite and careful in conversations helps make others feel welcome and avoids hurting their feelings.
• It reminds us to listen to good advice and practice speaking thoughtfully.

Difficult Words

Here are the meanings of some difficult words from the story, explained simply:

• Hilariously: In a very funny way.
• Blunders: Careless mistakes that cause problems.
• Embarrasses: Makes someone feel uncomfortable or shy.
• Wealthy: Having a lot of money or riches.
• Polite: Showing kindness and respect to others.
• Compliments: Kind words said to praise someone.
• Awkward: Uncomfortable or embarrassing.
• Mocking: Making fun of someone in a mean way.
• Apologises: Says sorry for doing something wrong.
• Disapprovingly: Showing that you don’t like or agree with something.

Introduction

• This poem, written by Natalie Joan, is a light-hearted and funny story about a strange man who does odd things.
• The poet meets a man who wears a shoe on his head and hats on his feet, offers a bun as a rose, and hops home on his head.
• The poem uses silly actions and playful words to make readers smile and enjoy the fun of imagination.

ExplanationStanza 1

One day a funny kind of man
Came walking down this street
He wore a shoe upon his head
And hats upon his feet.

Explanation:

The poem begins with the poet talking about a “funny kind of man” walking down the street in a strange way. He looks very odd and funny because he wears a shoe on his head instead of a hat, and hats on his feet instead of shoes. This mix-up in how he dresses catches the reader’s eye and makes the poem feel playful and silly. The man’s strange style shows that he doesn’t follow the usual rules and likes to be different. This makes him interesting and funny from the very beginning.

Stanza 2

He raised the shoe and smiled at me,
His manners were polite;
But never had I seen before
Such a funny sounding sight.

Explanation:

In this part, the funny man sees the poet and politely lifts the shoe on his head like he’s tipping a hat, and smiles at her. His polite behavior is different from how strange he looks, which makes it even more funny. The poet is surprised by how odd this is and calls it a “funny sounding sight.” This means it feels so strange that it’s like she can almost hear how unusual it is. The poet’s reaction shows she is amazed to see something so different from normal.

Stanza 3

He said, “Allow me to present
Your Highness with a rose.
”And taking out a currant bun
He held it to my nose

Explanation:
The funny man talks politely and calls the poet “Your Highness,” a special title used for kings and queens. This makes his way of speaking playful and silly. He says he wants to give her a rose, which is a kind gift. But instead of a flower, he takes out a currant bun—a small sweet bread with dried fruits—and holds it near her nose like a flower to smell. This surprise is funny because a bun is food, not a nice-smelling gift. It shows the man’s funny and playful nature and how he likes to surprise people.

Stanza 4

I staggered back against the wall
And then I answered, “Well!
I never saw a rose with such
A funny looking smell.”

Explanation:

Surprised by what the man did, the poet almost falls back against the wall. She answers in a smart way, saying she has never seen a “rose” that has such a “funny looking smell.” By calling the bun a rose, she is joining in the man’s joke and shows she is having fun. The words “funny looking smell” mix seeing and smelling in a playful way because smells are something we feel, not see. This shows the fun and happy moment between the poet and the man, where they both enjoy being silly.

Stanza 5

He then began to sing a song,
And sat down on the ground;
You never heard in all your life
Such a funny feeling sound.

Explanation:

The funny man keeps acting strange by sitting on the ground and singing a song. The poet says the song has a “funny feeling sound,” meaning it sounds unusual and makes you feel amused. The song probably has a strange tune or words that match the man’s playful personality. Sitting on the ground while singing shows he doesn’t care about rules and likes to do things his own way, unlike most people who would stand while singing. This part of the poem makes the mood more fun and invites us to laugh at the man’s happy and silly actions.

Stanza 6

“My friend, why do you wear two hats
Upon your feet?” I said.
He turned the other way about,
And hopped home on his head.

Explanation:
Curious about his strange look, the poet asks the man why he wears “two hats on your feet.” She asks kindly because she wants to understand his odd choice. Instead of answering, the man turns around and hops home on his head, which is even sillier. This is funny because he doesn’t answer the question and does something very strange—hopping on his head is not something people can really do. The poem ends with this funny picture, making us smile at the man’s playful and free-spirited way of being.

Moral of the Poem

• The poem teaches us that it’s okay to be different and have fun in our own way.
• The funny man’s silly actions show that imagination and playfulness can bring joy to others.
• It reminds us to enjoy life’s light moments and not take everything too seriously.

Difficult Words

Here are the meanings of some difficult words from the poem, explained simply:

• Manners: Polite behaviour or way of acting.
• Polite: Showing respect and kindness to others.
• Present: To give something to someone formally.
• Highness: A title used to address someone important, like a king or queen.
• Currant: A small, dried fruit used in baking.
• Bun: A small, round bread, sometimes with fruits inside.
• Staggered: Moved unsteadily, as if about to fall.
• Hopped: Jumped on one foot or moved by jumping.

Introduction

• This story, written by Hugh Lofting, is a funny and heartwarming tale about John Dolittle, a doctor who learns to talk to animals.
• At first, he treats people, but a parrot named Polynesia and a man who sells cat food convince him to become an animal doctor.
• By learning animal languages, Dolittle helps animals like horses, cows, and even mice, making him famous among creatures worldwide.
• The story shows the importance of understanding and caring for animals.

Explanation of the Story

A New Idea

The story begins with Doctor Dolittle in his kitchen, talking to the Cat’s-food-Man, who has a stomach ache. The man suggests that Dolittle should stop being a people’s doctor and become an animal doctor instead, praising Dolittle’s deep knowledge about animals. Polynesia, a parrot, overhears the conversation and agrees. She encourages Dolittle to focus on treating animals, who would appreciate him more.

Learning to Speak Animal Languages

Polynesia reveals a big secret — animals can talk in their own languages. She shows Dolittle the difference between human and bird speech, exciting him with the idea that he could learn it too. That rainy afternoon, Polynesia begins teaching Dolittle the basics of bird language. Later, when Jip the dog enters, Polynesia explains how animals also communicate through their ears, tails, feet, and noses. With practice and Polynesia’s help, Dolittle learns to understand and speak to animals fluently, inspiring him to officially become an animal doctor.

Success as an Animal Doctor

News spreads that Dolittle can talk to animals. People start bringing him sick pets, and farmers bring their cows and sheep. One day, a plough horse visits, complaining that the local vet cannot understand him. Dolittle listens carefully and learns that the horse is going blind in one eye and needs glasses, not medicine. Dolittle promises to help, and soon the horse receives green spectacles and can work comfortably again.

A World Full of Happy Animals

As Dolittle’s reputation grows, more animals — from mice and badgers to bats — come to see him, filling his garden. To manage the crowd, Dolittle builds special labelled doors and tunnels for different animals. Birds spread the news across countries, and in a few years, Doctor Dolittle became famous among animals worldwide. He is content, living a life where he truly understands and helps his animal friends.

Moral of the Story

• The story teaches us to listen to others and be open to new ideas, even if they seem unusual at first.
• Dolittle’s willingness to learn from Polynesia shows that understanding and respecting animals can make a big difference.
• It also reminds us that kindness and care for all creatures, big or small, can lead to happiness and success.

Difficult Words

Here are the meanings of some difficult words from the story, explained simply:

• Veterinarians (Vets): Doctors who treat animals.
• Scholar: A person who is good at reading and learning.
• Twitching: Making small, quick movements, like shaking a nose or ear.
• Spectacles: Glasses worn to help see better.
• Ploughing: Using a tool to turn soil in fields for farming.
• Diagnose: To find out what is wrong with someone or something.
• Cure: To make someone healthy again after being sick.
• Crowded: Full of many people or animals in one place.
• Famous: Well-known by many people or animals.
• Patiently: Waiting calmly without getting upset.