class 7 English

Short Answer Questions

Q1: Why did Rani Abbakka refuse to pay tribute to the Portuguese?
Ans: Rani Abbakka refused to pay tribute to the Portuguese because she believed Ullal was a sovereign, independent country that should not be controlled or take orders from Portugal. Her bold stance reflected her commitment to protecting her kingdom’s freedom and dignity.

Q2: What was Veera Narasimha’s reaction to Abbakka’s plan to resist the Portuguese?
Ans: Veera Narasimha, Abbakka’s husband, was worried about her plan to resist the Portuguese, fearing it was rash and could provoke their wrath, endangering his kingdom of Bangadi. He tried to persuade her to change her mind and even ordered his soldiers to stop her, but Abbakka remained resolute.

Q3: How did Rani Abbakka strengthen Ullal against the Portuguese?
Ans: Rani Abbakka strengthened Ullal by ordering the construction of merchant ships, forming an alliance with the Zamorin of Kozhikode, and uniting local rajas against the Portuguese. These strategic moves boosted Ullal’s economy through trade with Arabia and built a stronger defence against the enemy.

Q4: What happened during the battle for Ullal?
Ans: During the four-day battle for Ullal, Rani Abbakka led her soldiers courageously, fighting alongside them against the Portuguese attack. The people of Ullal showed great bravery, defeating the Portuguese, who were forced to retreat, never troubling Ullal again.

Q5: How did Rani Abbakka’s victory impact other Indian rulers?
Ans: Rani Abbakka’s victory over the powerful Portuguese inspired other Indian rulers to resist foreign powers. Her courage and success demonstrated that with unity and fearless leadership, even strong enemies could be defeated, boosting their confidence to fight for their independence.Long Answer Questions

Q1: How did Rani Abbakka’s determination shape her response to the Portuguese demand for tribute, and what does this reveal about her character?
Ans: Rani Abbakka’s story is a powerful example of how determination and courage can lead to victory, even in the face of overwhelming odds. By refusing to pay tribute to the Portuguese, Abbakka showed her unwavering commitment to her kingdom’s sovereignty, despite facing threats and opposition. Her leadership in uniting local rajas and forming a strategic alliance with the Zamorin of Kozhikode, combined with her hands-on approach in leading her forces, demonstrates her deep dedication to her people and her land. Her actions during the four-day battle and subsequent attack on the Portuguese fort showcased her fearless spirit, ensuring Ullal’s independence and inspiring others to resist foreign domination. This story reinforces the importance of standing up for what is right, no matter the challenges, and the power of unity and resilience in the pursuit of freedom.

Q2: What challenges did Rani Abbakka face in her fight against the Portuguese, and how did she overcome them?
Ans: Rani Abbakka’s story is a testament to overcoming challenges through determination and strategic thinking. Despite facing the might of the Portuguese, opposition from her own husband, and doubts from local rajas, Abbakka was able to rally support for her cause. She formed crucial alliances, like the one with the Zamorin of Kozhikode, and improved her kingdom’s strength by building merchant ships. Her ability to inspire unity and lead her people in battle, even under intense pressure, highlights her fearless leadership. Ultimately, her victory against the Portuguese showcases how courage, strategic planning, and teamwork can lead to success, teaching readers the importance of resilience when facing obstacles.

Q3: Why was Rani Abbakka’s leadership significant in uniting her people and allies against the Portuguese?
Ans: Rani Abbakka’s leadership was pivotal in uniting her people and allies against the Portuguese, showcasing her confidence, strategic vision, and fearlessness. Faced with the challenge of rallying hesitant local rajas, who doubted their ability to stand against the Portuguese, Abbakka’s bold declaration of Ullal’s sovereignty inspired hope and determination. She communicated a clear, united front and strategically formed an alliance with the Zamorin of Kozhikode, strengthening both Ullal’s military and economic position. During the intense four-day battle, Abbakka fought alongside her soldiers, setting an example of courage that empowered her people. Her victory over the Portuguese not only secured Ullal’s independence but also motivated other Indian rulers to resist foreign domination. Her leadership reflects the moral of courage and unity, inspiring readers to lead with conviction and unite others to achieve common goals.

Q4: How did Rani Abbakka’s victory over the Portuguese influence Ullal and other Indian kingdoms?
Ans: Rani Abbakka’s victory over the Portuguese had a significant impact on Ullal and other Indian kingdoms, reinforcing Ullal’s independence and inspiring resistance against foreign rule. By defeating the Portuguese in a fierce four-day battle, Abbakka secured Ullal’s freedom, causing the Portuguese to retreat and never return. Her bold attack on their fort further solidified Ullal’s strength and pride, with her people standing united behind her, motivated by her fearless leadership. The victory also boosted Ullal’s economy, as her alliance with the Zamorin of Kozhikode and trade with Arabia thrived, demonstrating the benefits of her strategic defiance. Abbakka’s success sent a powerful message to other Indian rulers, showing that even small kingdoms, through unity and determination, could defeat powerful colonial forces. This inspired a wave of resistance, promoting a spirit of independence throughout the region. The story’s moral of standing up for freedom and working together is embodied in Abbakka’s legacy, urging readers to draw strength from her example and fight for justice and unity in their own communities, knowing that strong leadership can create lasting change.

Q5: What lessons about courage and leadership can we learn from Rani Abbakka’s story?
Ans: Rani Abbakka’s story offers powerful lessons on courage and leadership, demonstrating that unwavering determination and strategic unity can triumph over even the most formidable adversaries, inspiring others to stand up for what is right. Her courage was evident when she refused to pay tribute to the Portuguese, boldly declaring Ullal’s sovereignty despite threats and opposition from her husband. This showed that sticking to one’s principles requires bravery, even when it involves personal and political risks. Abbakka’s leadership was highlighted by her ability to unite hesitant local rajas, inspire her people, and forge an important alliance with the Zamorin of Kozhikode, showcasing her strategic foresight and persuasive leadership. During the four-day battle, she fought alongside her soldiers and led by example, demonstrating hands-on leadership and resolute determination. Her victory not only secured Ullal’s freedom but also inspired other rulers, emphasising how one leader’s courage can ignite widespread change. The story’s moral encourages us to value independence and collective action, urging readers to emulate Abbakka’s bravery, stand up for justice, and lead with confidence to unite others for a common cause. Her legacy teaches us to face challenges with unwavering courage and to lead with vision, fostering unity and resilience in the pursuit of freedom and dignity.

Short Answer Questions

Q1: How does the poet describe soldiers in the first stanza?
Ans: In the first stanza, the poet describes soldiers as “Defenders of borders” and “great sons of my land,” highlighting their role as protectors of the nation’s boundaries. The poet notes that while people sleep, soldiers remain vigilant, committed to their duty, emphasizing their sacrifice and dedication.

Q2: What harsh conditions do soldiers face according to the second stanza?
Ans: According to the second stanza, soldiers face harsh conditions like windy seasons, snowy days, and the scorching sun’s sweltering rays. Despite these challenges, they stay awake, guarding the nation and patrolling lonely expanses, showing their resilience and determination.

Q3: What different terrains do soldiers protect in the third stanza?
Ans: In the third stanza, soldiers protect diverse terrains including mountains (climbing heights), valleys (striding lowlands), deserts, marshes, seas (through surveillance), and air (securing airspace). This shows their extensive efforts to safeguard the nation across varied landscapes.

Q4: What does the poet compare soldiers to in the second stanza, and why?
Ans: In the second stanza, the poet compares soldiers to “yogis,” spiritual seekers who walk alone with focus. This comparison highlights soldiers’ determination and strength as they tread lonely expanses, enduring harsh conditions with discipline and purpose, similar to a yogi’s solitary, dedicated path.

Q5: What does the poet pray for in the final stanza?
Ans: In the final stanza, the poet prays for the safety and well-being of the soldiers, asking that “the Lord bless you all.” This reflects gratitude and admiration for their brave actions, symbolised by the nation’s “wind chimes” vibrating with pride for their feats.

Long Answer Questions

Q1: How does the poet convey the sacrifices made by soldiers in the poem, and what impact does this have on the reader?
Ans: The poet shows the sacrifices of soldiers through strong and clear descriptions of their hard work and the tough conditions they face. In the first stanza, soldiers are called “Defenders of Borders” and stay awake while others sleep, showing their selfless duty. The second stanza explains how they face extreme weather—wind, snow, and heat—walking alone like yogis, which makes us respect their strength and patience. In the third stanza, the poet shows that soldiers work in many places like mountains, deserts, seas, and even in the sky, giving up the best years of their life for the country. The last stanza talks about “wind chimes” that sing of their bravery and ends with a prayer for their safety. This poem helps readers feel thankful and proud of the soldiers, reminding us to value their courage and sacrifices for our freedom.

Q2: Why does the poet compare soldiers to yogis in the second stanza, and how does this enhance the poem’s message?
Ans: The poet compares soldiers to yogis in the second stanza to show their discipline, focus, and strength in lonely places. Yogis are people who live simply and stay alone to focus on a higher goal. In the same way, soldiers quietly protect the country in tough weather like wind, snow, and heat, without complaining. This comparison shows that a soldier’s work is not just a duty—it is like a spiritual mission. It helps readers understand how strong and dedicated soldiers are, and makes us respect them even more. The poet wants us to be thankful for their hard work and pray for their safety.

Q3: How does the third stanza illustrate the diverse roles of soldiers in protecting the nation?
Ans: The third stanza shows that soldiers work in many different places to keep the country safe. The poet says they climb mountains and walk through valleys, which means they protect both high and low areas. They also guard hot deserts and wet marshes, showing they can handle all kinds of tough weather. Soldiers watch over the seas and skies too, keeping India safe from every side—on land, in water, and in the air. The poet says they give the “prime of their youth” to the country, meaning they spend their best years protecting us. This stanza reminds us how hard soldiers work in many places and makes us respect their great sacrifice even more.

Q4: What role does the imagery in the poem play in expressing gratitude for soldiers’ service?
Ans: The poem uses strong images to help us feel thankful for soldiers and understand their bravery. In the first stanza, we imagine soldiers staying awake to protect us while we sleep, which makes us feel grateful for their hard work. The second stanza shows them walking through wind, snow, and heat, like calm and focused yogis, helping us respect their strength and quiet courage. The third stanza takes us to mountains, deserts, seas, and skies where soldiers work, showing how much they do for our safety. In the last stanza, the poet says the “wind chimes of my land” sing about the soldiers’ bravery, and he prays for their safety. These pictures in the poem help us clearly see what soldiers go through and remind us to honour and thank them for protecting our country.

Q5: What lessons about gratitude and respect can we learn from the poem’s tribute to soldiers?
Ans: The poem teaches us to feel thankful and respectful toward soldiers who protect our country. It shows how soldiers stay awake while others sleep, facing tough weather like snow and heat, and walking alone in far-off places. In the third stanza, the poet explains how they work in many areas—mountains, deserts, seas, and even the air—giving up the best years of their lives to keep us safe. The final stanza talks about “wind chimes” that sing of their bravery, and the poet prays for their safety. The comparison of soldiers to yogis shows their quiet strength and focus. The poem’s main message is that we should honour soldiers’ sacrifices by remembering them, praying for them, and showing respect in our actions. It reminds us that our freedom has come through their hard work and courage, and we must keep their memory alive.

Short Answer Questions

Q1: What is the National War Memorial, and what does it honour?
Ans: The National War Memorial, located near India Gate in New Delhi, is a monument built between April 2018 and February 2019 to honour soldiers who died in conflicts like the Indo-China War (1962), Indo-Pak Wars (1965 and 1971), and the Kargil War (1999). It holds 29,000 tablets with over 26,000 names of fallen heroes, commemorating their sacrifices for India’s freedom.National War MemorialQ2: What is the Amar Chakra at the National War Memorial?

Ans: The Amar Chakra, or Circle of Immortality, at the National War Memorial is home to the eternal flame, symbolising that the spirits of fallen soldiers live on. It represents the everlasting legacy of their bravery and sacrifice, creating a solemn and respectful atmosphere at the memorial.

Q3: Who is Lance Naik Albert Ekka, and why does Soumya admire him?
Ans: Lance Naik Albert Ekka was a soldier who fought bravely in the 1971 Indo-Pak War, continuing to battle despite serious injuries until he died. Soumya admires him for his courage and selflessness, inspired by his story to serve the nation, as his gallantry earned him the Param Vir Chakra.

Q4: What does Ananda recall about his visit to a war memorial in Chandigarh?
Ans: Ananda recalls visiting a war memorial in Chandigarh’s Bougainvillaea Garden, where people laid flowers to honour fallen soldiers. This visit reminds him of the Hindi poem Pushp ki Abhilasha by Makhanlal Chaturvedi, where a flower wishes to honour brave soldiers, deepening his respect for their sacrifices.

Q5: Who is Captain Anuj Nayyar, and how does Ananda learn about him?
Ans: Captain Anuj Nayyar was a brave soldier in the Kargil War who was awarded the Maha Vir Chakra after his death. Ananda learns about him from an interview with Nayyar’s mother, who wrote an emotional book about her son, expressing both her pain and pride in remembering him.

Long Answer Questions

Q1: How does Soumya’s visit to the National War Memorial deepen her understanding of soldiers’ sacrifices?
Ans: Soumya’s visit to the National War Memorial in New Delhi helps her understand and appreciate the sacrifices of Indian soldiers. On her school trip, she learns that the memorial was built between 2018 and 2019 to honour over 26,000 soldiers who lost their lives in wars like the Indo-China War, Indo-Pak Wars, and the Kargil War. Their names are written on 29,000 tablets. The memorial has different sections, like the Amar Chakra with an eternal flame showing that the spirit of the soldiers lives on, and the Tyag Chakra with names on walls shaped like a Chakravyuh. These features make Soumya feel both proud and emotional. She is especially inspired by brave soldiers like Lance Naik Albert Ekka and Major Padmapani Acharya, who continued fighting even after getting seriously injured. The memorial’s beauty, with wreaths, lights, and bronze murals, leaves a deep impact on her. In her letter to Ananda, she expresses her wish to serve the nation and respect the bravery of the soldiers. The story teaches us to honour and remember those who gave their lives for our country’s freedom.

Q2: What are the symbolic features of the National War Memorial, and how do they contribute to its message?
Ans: The National War Memorial’s special features strongly express respect for the bravery and sacrifice of Indian soldiers. The Amar Chakra (Circle of Immortality) has an eternal flame that shows the spirits of the soldiers live on. The Veerta Chakra (Circle of Bravery) displays six bronze murals of heroic battles like the Kargil War, honouring the courage of the soldiers. The Tyag Chakra (Circle of Sacrifice) has walls shaped like a Chakravyuh, with the names of over 26,000 soldiers who gave their lives for the country. The Raksha Chakra (Circle of Protection) is lined with trees, showing soldiers as the protectors of the nation. These symbols, along with the wreaths and changing lights from morning to night, create a respectful and emotional atmosphere. In her letter to Ananda, Soumya describes these parts of the memorial, showing how they fill her with pride and respect. The memorial teaches us to be thankful for the freedom we have and to remember the brave heroes who made it possible.

Q3: How does the story of Lance Naik Albert Ekka inspire Soumya, and why is it significant to the lesson?
Ans: The story of Lance Naik Albert Ekka inspires Soumya by showing his great bravery and selflessness, and it strengthens the lesson’s message of honouring the sacrifices of soldiers. During her visit to the National War Memorial, Soumya learns that Ekka fought in the 1971 Indo-Pak War and, even after being badly injured, continued to fight for the country until he lost his life. He was awarded the Param Vir Chakra for his courage. His story touches Soumya deeply and makes her want to serve the nation like him. This moment is important to the lesson because it shows how learning about such heroes can encourage young people like Soumya to feel proud of their country and want to do something meaningful. Ekka’s example, along with other brave soldiers like Major Padmapani Acharya, helps Soumya connect emotionally to the idea of sacrifice for the country. By sharing Ekka’s story in her letter, she not only honours his bravery but also inspires Ananda and other readers to respect and remember those who protect India’s freedom.

Q4: How does Ananda’s response to Soumya’s letter reflect his feelings about soldiers and his own aspirations?
Ans: Ananda’s reply to Soumya’s letter shows his deep respect for soldiers and his strong wish to join the Armed Forces, which supports the lesson’s message of patriotism and courage. He is touched by Soumya’s vivid description of the National War Memorial and sees it as a powerful way to thank those who gave their lives for the country. Ananda connects this with his own visit to the war memorial in Chandigarh, where offering flowers reminded him of the poem Pushp ki Abhilasha, making him feel even more grateful to the brave soldiers. He is inspired by the stories of heroes Soumya mentioned, like Lance Naik Albert Ekka and Major Padmapani Acharya, and especially by Captain Anuj Nayyar, whose mother’s book shares her pride and sorrow. These stories stir Ananda’s emotions and encourage his dream of serving the country. He also feels excited about using the National War Memorial app and wants to make a collage at school to honour these heroes. His letter, full of appreciation for Soumya’s words and his interest in stamp collecting, supports the lesson’s moral of respecting brave soldiers and letting their sacrifice inspire our own goals.

Q5: What lessons about gratitude and courage can we learn from the letter exchange between Soumya and Ananda?
Ans: The letters between Soumya and Ananda teach us important lessons about being thankful and brave. They show how we can honour the sacrifices of soldiers and let their courage inspire us. Soumya’s letter describes her visit to the National War Memorial in New Delhi, where she learns about over 26,000 soldiers who gave their lives in wars like 1962, 1965, 1971, and 1999. The eternal flame, murals, and names on the tablets help her understand how much soldiers have done for our country. She feels inspired by heroes like Lance Naik Albert Ekka and Major Padmapani Acharya, who fought bravely even when they were hurt. Ananda’s reply shows how touched he is by Soumya’s words. He remembers his own visit to a war memorial in Chandigarh and connects his feelings with the poem Pushp ki Abhilasha, which speaks about serving the nation. Both Soumya and Ananda want to give back to the country, just like the soldiers they admire. The story teaches us to be thankful by remembering the bravery of our soldiers, visiting memorials, and living with purpose and respect. Their letters inspire us to follow our dreams, be brave, and always remember the heroes who helped keep our nation free.

Short Answer Questions

Q1: What was Arunima Sinha’s dream before her accident?
Ans: Before her accident, Arunima Sinha dreamed of joining the paramilitary forces, which would allow her to pursue her passion for sports, especially volleyball, while building a career. As a 24-year-old who excelled in sports and held a law degree, she was driven by her love for athletic challenges.

Q2: What happened to Arunima on April 11, 2011?
Ans: On April 11, 2011, Arunima Sinha met with a terrible train accident that resulted in the loss of one of her legs. Doctors fitted her with an artificial limb, marking a life-changing incident that tested her resilience but inspired her to pursue a new dream of climbing Mount Everest.

Q3: Who guided Arunima during her mountaineering training?
Ans: Arunima was guided by Bachendri Pal, the first Indian woman to climb Mount Everest, during her training at the Nehru Institute of Mountaineering in Uttarkashi. Bachendri believed in Arunima’s determination, encouraging her to chase her ambitious dream despite her physical challenges.

Q4: What did Arunima do when she reached the summit of Mount Everest?
Ans: When Arunima reached the summit of Mount Everest on May 21, 2013, she planted the Indian flag and placed a photograph of Swami Vivekananda, her inspiration, at the top. These acts symbolised her pride and gratitude, marking her historic achievement as the first Indian woman with an artificial leg to conquer the peak.

Q5: What was Arunima’s achievement by January 2019?
Ans: By January 2019, Arunima became the first woman amputee to climb Mount Vinson in Antarctica, completing her mission to conquer the Seven Summits—the highest peaks on all seven continents. This remarkable feat solidified her legacy as a trailblazer in mountaineering.Long Answer Questions

Q1: How did Arunima Sinha’s early life and dreams shape her response to the accident that changed her life?
Ans: Arunima Sinha’s love for sports and her strong personality helped her deal with the life-changing train accident on April 11, 2011, which caused her to lose a leg. Growing up in Ambedkar Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, with an army engineer father and a health supervisor mother, Arunima was passionate about volleyball and studied law, hoping to join the paramilitary forces. This foundation of hard work and ambition made her determined to set goals and achieve them. After the accident, instead of feeling hopeless, Arunima found inspiration in Mount Everest while recovering in the hospital. She decided to climb it, despite others doubting her. Her love for overcoming challenges through sports gave her the drive to train hard at the Nehru Institute of Mountaineering. The connection between her early dreams and her determination after the accident shows the story’s lesson: with determination and self-belief, we can turn challenges into opportunities, inspiring others to face their own difficulties with strength.

Q2: What challenges did Arunima face in her journey to climb Mount Everest, and how did she overcome them?
Ans: Arunima Sinha faced huge physical, emotional, and societal challenges while trying to climb Mount Everest, but she overcame them with strong determination, hard work, and support. After losing her leg in a train accident in 2011, she had to adjust to using a prosthetic leg, making the climb much harder. Many people doubted her ability to succeed, which could have affected her confidence. As a woman with a disability, she also faced challenges in a field full of able-bodied climbers. To tackle these, Arunima trained for 18 months at the Nehru Institute of Mountaineering under the guidance of Bachendri Pal, the first Indian woman to climb Everest. Bachendri’s belief in her dream helped strengthen Arunima’s resolve. After months of tough training, Arunima successfully climbed Everest on May 21, 2013, becoming the first Indian woman with an artificial leg to reach the top. By planting the Indian flag and a photo of Swami Vivekananda at the summit, she celebrated her victory. Arunima’s story shows that with courage and hard work, we can overcome even the biggest challenges, inspiring readers to face their own struggles with determination and belief.

Q3: Why is Arunima’s achievement of conquering the Seven Summits significant, and how does it reflect her character?
Ans: Arunima Sinha’s achievement of climbing the Seven Summits—the highest peaks on each continent—shows her incredible determination. She became the first woman amputee to do this, starting with her summit of Mount Everest in 2013, despite the challenges of using a prosthetic leg. She then climbed mountains in Europe, Africa, Australia, South America, North America, and Antarctica, each with its own difficulties. This journey required not just physical strength, but also mental toughness to overcome doubts and obstacles. Arunima’s belief in herself and her courage helped her succeed, proving that she would not let her disability or society’s expectations limit her. Her accomplishment, especially climbing Mount Vinson, inspires people with disabilities and anyone facing tough challenges. Arunima’s story teaches that with determination, we can turn challenges into strengths and achieve our dreams.

Q4: How does Arunima’s story demonstrate the power of mental strength in overcoming physical limitations?
Ans: Arunima Sinha’s story shows how mental strength can help overcome physical challenges. After losing her leg in a train accident in 2011, she faced many difficulties with her prosthetic leg. Even everyday tasks were hard, but her determination, inspired by Swami Vivekananda, helped her keep going. She set her sights on climbing Mount Everest, even though many people thought it was impossible for her. During her 18 months of training, she pushed through pain and exhaustion. On May 21, 2013, she became the first Indian woman with an artificial leg to reach the summit of Everest. Later, she also climbed the Seven Summits, proving that belief in herself and hard work can help overcome even the toughest obstacles. Arunima’s journey teaches that mental strength can help you face any challenge and achieve great things.

Q5: What lessons about perseverance and self-belief can we learn from Arunima Sinha’s journey?
Ans: Arunima Sinha’s journey teaches important lessons about perseverance and self-belief. After losing her leg in a 2011 train accident, Arunima faced many physical and societal challenges that could have stopped her dreams. Instead, she was inspired by reading about Mount Everest and motivated by Swami Vivekananda’s teachings to set a goal of climbing the world’s highest peak. Despite scepticism from others, she trained for 18 months, enduring physical and mental challenges. On May 21, 2013, she became the first Indian woman amputee to summit Everest. Arunima didn’t stop there; she went on to conquer the Seven Summits, including Mount Vinson, by 2019, proving that determination and self-belief can overcome the toughest obstacles. Her story shows that with persistence and confidence, even the most difficult challenges can turn into great achievements. It inspires us to never give up on our dreams, no matter how impossible they may seem.

Short Answer Questions

Q1: What does the speaker hear during the day despite the noisy voices?
Ans: Despite the noisy voices during the day, the speaker imagines hearing the shrieking whistle of a train. Even though the railroad track is miles away and no train passes nearby, the sharp, exciting sound captures their attention, reflecting their fascination with trains and travel.

Q2: What does the speaker see in their imagination at night?
Ans: At night, the speaker imagines seeing the red cinders of a train glowing against the sky. Despite the quiet meant for sleep and dreaming, these sparks from the train’s engine light up their mind, showing their restless thoughts of trains and the adventures they represent.

Q3: What sound does the speaker associate with the train at night?
Ans: The speaker associates the sound of the train’s engine steaming with the train at night. They imagine hearing the puffing steam, a lively sound that keeps the idea of the train’s movement and energy alive in their mind, even in the stillness of the night.

Q4: How does the speaker feel about their friends?
Ans: The speaker feels warmly affectionate toward their friends, describing their heart as “warm” with love and saying they couldn’t find better friends. This shows deep appreciation and happiness for the close connections they’ve made, despite their longing for travel.

Q5: Why would the speaker take any train?
Ans: The speaker would take any train, no matter where it’s going, because of their strong love for adventure and exploration. Their restless spirit and excitement for new experiences outweigh their ties to friends, showing a desire to embrace the unknown through travel.

Long Answer Questions

Q1: How does the speaker’s imagination bring trains to life in the poem, and what does this reveal about their love for travel?
Ans: The speaker’s imagination makes trains feel real, even when there are no trains nearby. This shows how much they love travel and how often they think about it. In the middle of a noisy day, even though the railway is far away, the speaker imagines hearing a train’s loud whistle, showing how their mind is full of thoughts about trains. At night, when everything is quiet and people are sleeping, they imagine glowing red sparks and the sound of the train’s steam, painting a lively picture of a moving train. These imagined sights and sounds—like whistles, sparks, and steam—make the train feel like it’s always with the speaker. This shows that they are full of energy and always dreaming of new places. The poem reminds us that having a strong curiosity and love for adventure can make life more exciting. The speaker’s thoughts show a wish to go beyond the familiar and explore the unknown, encouraging readers to be curious too.

Q2: Why does the speaker mention the noisy day and quiet night, and how do these settings enhance the poem’s theme of adventure?
Ans: The speaker talks about the noisy day and quiet night to show how their love for trains and travel is always with them, no matter the time. During the busy, loud day filled with people talking, they still imagine the train’s sharp whistle, showing how strong their fascination is. At night, when everything is calm and people are supposed to be asleep, they picture glowing sparks and hear the train’s steam, proving that their excitement for travel doesn’t go away—even in silence. This contrast between day and night shows that their dream of adventure is constant and powerful. The poem uses this idea to share its message: a deep love for exploring can live alongside everyday life and friendships. By showing the speaker’s train dreams in both noisy and quiet times, the poem encourages readers to stay connected to their passions, even during normal daily moments.

Q3: How does the speaker balance their love for friends with their desire to travel in the poem?
Ans: The speaker shows how they balance their love for friends with their desire to travel by expressing deep affection for their companions while also admitting to an overwhelming urge to explore. In the final stanza, the speaker describes their heart as “warm” with love for their friends, stressing how important these relationships are. However, they quickly reveal that they would take any train, no matter where it’s going, showing their strong pull toward adventure that sometimes competes with their connections to others. This contrast highlights the idea that while the speaker values their friendships, the call to explore and experience the unknown is even stronger. The poem’s message—suggesting that adventure and strong connections can coexist—encourages readers to embrace both love and exploration in their lives. The speaker’s honesty encourages people to find a balance between personal bonds and the pursuit of new experiences.

Q4: What role does the imagery of trains play in conveying the speaker’s adventurous spirit?
Ans: The imagery of trains plays a key role in showing the speaker’s adventurous spirit by bringing to life the energy, movement, and appeal of travel, making their desire for exploration feel real. The “shrieking” whistle during the day cuts through the noise, representing the call of adventure that captures the speaker’s attention. At night, the glowing “red cinders” and the “steaming” engine paint a lively, almost magical image of a train in motion, full of life and possibilities, sparking the speaker’s imagination even in quiet moments. These details—whistles, sparks, and steam—are more than just sensory images; they represent freedom and the unknown, reflecting the speaker’s restless desire to travel anywhere, “no matter where it’s going.” This vibrant train imagery, set against the ordinary day and peaceful night, highlights the speaker’s longing to explore, tying in with the poem’s message of embracing curiosity and new experiences. The trains’ lively presence in the speaker’s thoughts encourages readers to feel the same excitement for adventure and to celebrate the journey itself.

Q5: What lessons about following one’s passions can we learn from the speaker’s longing for travel in the poem?
Ans: The speaker’s longing for travel in the poem teaches valuable lessons about following one’s passions, showing that pursuing what excites you can lead to a more fulfilling life, even if it means stepping out of your comfort zone. The speaker’s obsession with trains—imagining their shrieking whistles during the day and red cinders at night—reveals how their love for travel dominates their thoughts, overshadowing daily distractions and quiet moments. Their willingness to board “any train, no matter where it’s going,” despite their strong affection for friends, emphasizes the power of this passion, suggesting that true happiness comes from embracing what excites you. The poem encourages openness to new experiences, as the speaker’s restless desire to explore proves that following a passion like travel can bring joy and growth, even if it leads to the unknown. By balancing their love for friends with a desire to explore, the speaker shows that passions can coexist with other important aspects of life, motivating readers to follow their dreams with courage and enthusiasm, knowing that these pursuits will add excitement and possibility to their lives.

Short Answer Questions

Q1: Why does Suraj visit the railway tunnel?
Ans: Suraj visits the railway tunnel because he loves watching the midday steam train burst out, finding it magical. He cycles from town, hides his bike, and walks to the tunnel’s exit, not to catch the train but to enjoy the thrilling sight and sound of it roaring through the jungle, reflecting his adventurous spirit.

Q2: Who is Sunder Singh, and what is his job?
Ans: Sunder Singh is the watchman who looks after the railway tunnel. His job is to inspect the tunnel for obstacles and signal trains if anything is wrong, using a red flag by day or an oil lamp at night. He ensures the tracks are safe, maintaining the tunnel’s operation for passing trains.

Q3: What does Suraj see after walking through the tunnel?
Ans: After walking through the tunnel, Suraj sees a flash of orange and gold on the hillside—a swishing tail disappearing among the trees. This turns out to be a leopard, a familiar visitor to the area, as later explained by Sunder Singh, adding a touch of wild excitement to Suraj’s adventure.

Q4: How do Suraj and Sunder Singh scare the leopard away?
Ans: Suraj and Sunder Singh scare the leopard away by entering the tunnel, shouting, and using the light of Sunder Singh’s oil lamp. When they hear the leopard’s sawing sound, indicating its presence, their loud noises and the lamp’s glow startle the animal, causing it to flee into the jungle before the night train arrives.

Q5: What does Suraj see from the train when passing through the tunnel later?
Ans: When passing through the tunnel later on the night train with his father, Suraj sees the familiar glow of Sunder Singh’s oil lamp in the darkness. This sight reminds him of the watchman standing watch, lighting up the night for trains and leopards, and evokes fond thoughts of their shared adventure.

Long Answer Questions

Q1: How does Suraj’s fascination with the steam train set the stage for his adventure in the jungle?
Ans: Suraj’s fascination with the steam train sparks his adventure and leads him to the jungle tunnel, where his curiosity and love for exploration bring him exciting experiences and a new friendship. As a young boy who finds the train’s appearance magical, Suraj cycles from town, hides his bike, and treks to the tunnel to watch the train emerge like a “green, black, and gold dragon.” His passion for the train, with its snorting, puffing, and spark-spitting, shows his adventurous spirit and draws him into the wild jungle. Suraj’s decision to explore the damp, smoky interior of the tunnel after the train passes highlights his curiosity, leading to the discovery of a leopard’s tail and his meeting with Sunder Singh, the watchman. This fascination not only sets the events of the story in motion but also connects Suraj to the jungle’s mysteries, culminating in the thrilling night adventure with the leopard. His love for the train embodies the story’s moral that courage and curiosity can lead to rewarding experiences, opening doors to unexpected discoveries and meaningful bonds.

Q2: What role does Sunder Singh play in Suraj’s adventure, and how does their relationship develop?
Ans: Sunder Singh, the tunnel’s watchman, plays a key role in Suraj’s adventure by welcoming him, sharing knowledge, and guiding him through a dangerous situation, helping to build a special friendship founded on trust and bravery. When Suraj meets Sunder Singh at his hut, the watchman’s friendly, joking manner—claiming the tunnel as “his”—puts Suraj at ease and creates an immediate connection. Sunder Singh shares his responsibilities, like inspecting the tunnel and signaling trains, and helps Suraj understand the jungle better by identifying the leopard the boy saw. His kindness shows when he invites Suraj to return for the night train, and during the evening visit, their friendship deepens as they share tea and listen to the jungle sounds. When the leopard enters the tunnel, Sunder Singh’s leadership shines as he reassures Suraj and uses his oil lamp and loud shouts to scare the animal away, ensuring the safety of the train. This shared act of courage strengthens their bond, and Suraj later recalls Sunder Singh’s lamp with affection while riding the train. Their relationship, built on mutual respect and adventure, reflects the story’s moral of kindness and trust, showing how bold experiences can lead to meaningful connections.

Q3: How does the encounter with the leopard in the tunnel create excitement in the story?
Ans: The encounter with the leopard in the tunnel adds excitement to the story by introducing a sudden, dangerous challenge that tests the bravery of both Suraj and Sunder Singh, increasing the tension and thrill. As Suraj and Sunder Singh wait during the night visit, the lively sounds of the jungle—birds flying and porcupines moving—set an active, yet calm mood. The atmosphere changes when they hear a sawing noise from the tunnel, signaling the presence of the leopard just before the night train is due. This unexpected danger, described as a lithe, sinewy creature with a snarling tail, creates urgency, as the leopard is at risk of being hit by the approaching train. Sunder Singh’s quick decision to enter the tunnel with an axe and oil lamp, with Suraj by his side, builds suspense as they shout and use the lamp to scare the leopard, which then flees into the jungle. The roar of the train passing right after, leaving the jungle silent once more, caps this heart-pounding moment. This thrilling sequence, combining the wildness of the jungle with human courage, keeps readers on edge and reinforces the story’s moral that curiosity and bravery lead to thrilling adventures. The leopard encounter becomes a key, pulse-racing moment in the narrative.

Q4: Why is Suraj’s sighting of Sunder Singh’s oil lamp from the train significant to the story’s conclusion?
Ans: Suraj’s sighting of Sunder Singh’s oil lamp from the train marks an important moment in the story’s conclusion, symbolizing the lasting friendship and shared adventure between the boy and the watchman. A week after their thrilling leopard encounter, Suraj is traveling on the night train with his father and recognizes the tunnel. As he peers into the darkness, he spots the flickering glow of Sunder Singh’s lamp, a familiar sign that the watchman is still standing guard. This image brings back fond memories for Suraj—of the warmth and kindness Sunder Singh showed, their tea together in the jungle, and their brave act of saving the leopard. The lamp, described as illuminating the darkness for both trains and leopards, represents Sunder Singh’s quiet heroism, which made a lasting impact on Suraj. As the train moves away, leaving the jungle behind, this moment reinforces the story’s message of courage and kindness forging meaningful connections. It provides a heartfelt conclusion, showing how Suraj’s adventure not only filled him with excitement but also gave him a precious friendship. This moment encourages readers to appreciate the unexpected bonds formed through exploration and adventure.

Q5: What lessons about courage and friendship can we learn from Suraj’s adventure with Sunder Singh?
Ans: Suraj’s adventure with Sunder Singh offers valuable lessons about courage and friendship, showing how stepping into the unknown and trusting others can lead to rewarding experiences and lasting relationships. Suraj demonstrates courage when he treks alone to the jungle tunnel, explores its dark and smoky interior, and bravely joins Sunder Singh to confront a leopard, protecting both the animal and the train. His curiosity and willingness to face fear highlight how stepping outside one’s comfort zone can lead to thrilling adventures, as seen during the intense tunnel encounter. The friendship between Suraj and Sunder Singh grows through kindness and trust, built on warm welcomes, shared moments like tea, and reassurance during the dangerous situation with the leopard. Their teamwork to scare the leopard away reflects a deep sense of mutual support, and Suraj’s fond recollection of the watchman’s oil lamp shows how their bond lasts. The story’s moral encourages embracing courage to explore new places and forming friendships, as Suraj’s adventure proves that these qualities lead to exciting, meaningful experiences that enrich life and inspire others to seek adventure and connection.

Short Answer Questions

Q1: What does Shaana notice about the snow in Kashmir?
Ans: Shaana notices that there is less snow at the Thajiwas Glacier in Kashmir compared to the previous year. She describes the beautiful white and blue glaciers but points out the reduced snowfall, indicating her awareness of environmental changes while enjoying the cold and snowball fights with her parents.

Q2: What sounds does Shaana hear in Himachal Pradesh?
Ans: In Himachal Pradesh, Shaana hears the morning songs of colourful birds chirping around her cabin, creating a joyful atmosphere. At night, she hears growling sounds, which her mother jokingly says are her father snoring, adding a playful element to the mountain surroundings and sparking Shaana’s imagination.

Q3: Why does Shaana call Arunachal Pradesh her favourite stop?
Ans: Shaana calls Arunachal Pradesh her favourite stop because she loves the thick forest and the treehouse she stays in, and she is excited about the chance to see red pandas. Her enthusiasm for the region’s natural beauty and wildlife reflects her growing love for nature and adventure.

Q4: What makes the Rann of Kutch different from Kashmir?
Ans: The Rann of Kutch in Gujarat is hot, dry, and sandy, contrasting sharply with the cold, snowy glaciers of Kashmir. While Kashmir requires multiple layers of clothing due to its biting cold, the Rann of Kutch’s desert-like climate highlights India’s diverse weather and landscapes, as experienced by Shaana.

Rann of KutchQ5: How does Shaana feel about tunnels in Goa?
Ans: In Goa, Shaana feels confident riding a train through many tunnels, a contrast to her earlier fear of them. She now enjoys watching the view of plateaus and hills from the train window, reflecting her personal growth and newfound comfort with adventurous experiences during her journey.

Long Answer Questions

Q1: How does Shaana’s visit to the Thajiwas Glacier in Kashmir reflect her curiosity and awareness of environmental changes?
Ans: Shaana’s visit to the Thajiwas Glacier in Kashmir highlights her curiosity as she describes the white and blue glaciers and enjoys the snowy fun, like watching her parents throw snowballs. Despite her hands shaking from the cold because she forgot her gloves, she is still eager to explore. She also observes that there is less snow than last year, showing her awareness of possible environmental changes, like climate change. This blend of curiosity and observation connects to the story’s message about appreciating India’s diverse landscapes and being open to new experiences. Shaana’s postcard from Kashmir captures her sense of wonder and growing understanding, making her journey both exciting and thoughtful, inspiring readers to be mindful of their surroundings.

Q2: What role does Shaana’s imagination play during her stay in Himachal Pradesh, and how does it enhance her experience?
Ans: Shaana’s time in Himachal Pradesh shows how her imagination makes her trip more fun and exciting. Staying in a cabin surrounded by mountains, she enjoys the morning sounds of colourful birds, which bring her happiness. When she hears strange noises at night, her mother jokingly says it’s her father snoring, which leads Shaana to imagine meeting a bear and giving it a hug. This creative thinking turns ordinary moments, like hearing sounds at night, into exciting adventures. Shaana’s ability to make stories from her surroundings highlights the theme of curiosity and openness to new experiences. Through her postcards, she encourages her friends to see the world with her imaginative perspective, showing how embracing creativity can help us appreciate new places and experiences more fully.

Himachal PradeshQ3: How does Shaana’s experience in the Sundarbans show her mixed feelings of excitement and nervousness?
Ans:  Shaana’s time in the Sundarbans highlights her mix of excitement and nervousness as she explores the unique environment. She is fascinated by the mangrove trees growing in seawater, and her enthusiasm grows as she boats through the wetlands. Seeing crocodiles and a snake adds to her excitement but also makes her nervous, as these creatures can be intimidating. Her mother’s mention of frequent flooding brings up concerns about the area’s environmental challenges, adding to Shaana’s awareness of the region’s vulnerability. This blend of awe and caution reflects Shaana’s ability to embrace adventure while understanding the complexities of the world around her. Her postcards capture these mixed feelings, reinforcing the moral of the story: it’s important to stay open to new experiences, balance curiosity with caution, and appreciate the beauty and fragility of diverse landscapes like the Sundarbans.

Q4: How does Shaana’s journey in Goa reflect her personal growth, and why is it significant to the story?
Ans: Shaana’s journey in Goa reflects her personal growth through her newfound confidence in facing tunnels, which she once feared, and her excitement about exploring new landscapes, marking a significant moment in the story. Riding a train through many tunnels and plateaus, Shaana no longer feels scared but watches the views of hills and flatlands with enthusiasm, dreaming of touring them with her friends. This shift from fear to confidence highlights her growing comfort with adventurous experiences, developed through her travels across India’s diverse regions. Her ability to enjoy the journey and imagine future adventures shows a maturing perspective, blending her playful spirit with a bolder outlook. This moment in Goa is significant because it underscores the story’s theme of personal development through exploration, illustrating how exposure to new places can build resilience and excitement. Shaana’s postcards from Goa, filled with pride and aspiration, reinforce the moral that curiosity and openness to new experiences foster growth, inspiring readers to embrace challenges and find joy in their own journeys of self-discovery.

Q5: What lessons about appreciating India’s diversity can we learn from Shaana’s travel experiences?
Ans: Shaana’s travel experiences teach valuable lessons about appreciating India’s diversity by showcasing the country’s varied landscapes, climates, and wildlife through her curious and open-hearted perspective. From the snowy glaciers of Kashmir to the hot, sandy Rann of Kutch, the dense forests of Arunachal Pradesh, the mangrove wetlands of the Sundarbans, and the coastal beaches of Chennai, Shaana’s journey highlights India’s rich geographic tapestry. Her excitement about seeing red pandas, rafting on the Narmada River, or watching fish in Goa reflects her appreciation for the unique wildlife and activities each region offers. Her observations, like noting less snow in Kashmir or her mother’s concern about Sundarbans flooding, show an awareness of environmental diversity and challenges, deepening her understanding. By sharing these experiences through postcards, Shaana fosters connection with her friends, embodying the story’s moral of valuing and sharing India’s beauty. Her growth from fear of tunnels to confidence in Goa further emphasises how embracing diverse experiences builds appreciation and personal strength. Shaana’s story inspires readers to explore, respect, and celebrate the multifaceted beauty of their country with curiosity and wonder.