English ( Literature Reader ) for Class 9

Q1. On the basis of your understanding of the poem, answer the following questions by ticking the correct choice

(a) All the world’s a stage is an extended metaphor for________.
(i) the life shown in well-known plays.
(ii) seeing the well-known plays.
(iii) life of well-known actors.
(iv) life of a man that comes to an end.

Ans : (iv) life of a man that comes to an end.

All the world’s a stage is an extended metaphor for the life of a man that ultimately comes to an end. This metaphor compares life to a theatrical performance, where individuals play various roles before they exit the stage, symbolising death.

(b) All ‘have their exits and their entrances’. Exits and entrances refer to __________.
(i) death and birth
(ii) beginning and end of the play
(iii) coming and going of actors
(iv) the end of the Shakespearean era

Ans : (i) death and birth

Exits and entrances refer to birth and death. These terms symbolise the cyclical nature of human life, illustrating how every individual experiences both beginnings and endings throughout their existence.

(c) The seven roles that a man plays correspond to his __________.
(i) chronological age in life
(ii) desires
(iii) mental age in life
(iv) idea of a perfect life

Ans : (i) chronological age in life

The seven roles that a man plays correspond to his chronological age in life. These roles illustrate the physical and mental evolution from infancy through to old age, highlighting the evolution of a man’s life through its various stages.

Q2. Having read this extract, identify the stages of a person’s life as Shakespeare has done. Write down these stages in your notebook, and sum up the characteristics of each stage in two or three words. e.g.

Ans :

Q3. Read the given lines and answer the questions that follow by selecting the correct option.

(a) All the world’s a stage
And all the men and women merely players:
They have their exits and their entrances;
And one man in his time plays many parts,
His acts being seven ages.

1. And one man in his time plays many parts……
Replace the underlined word with the correct option which has the same meaning as used in the given lines.
A. scenes
B. roles
C. jobs.
D. tasks.
Ans. B. roles

The phrase “plays many parts” refers to the different roles a person takes on throughout their life, representing various phases of existence.

2. The word ‘merely’ reveals that the poet regards/views human life as ________.
A. impressive
B. inconsequential
C. magnificent
D. uninspiring
Ans. B. inconsequential

The word ‘merely’ suggests that the poet views human life as inconsequential, indicating a perception of life as insignificant in the grand scheme.

3. Pick the option that does not match with the poetic device used in the phrase ‘All the world’s a stage’.
A. A thing of beauty is a joy forever.
B. The lightning was fireworks in the sky.
C. Heavy is the heart that wears the crown.
D. The movie was a roller coaster ride of emotions.
Ans. A. A thing of beauty is a joy forever.

The phrase ‘All the world’s a stage’ employs a metaphor, comparing life to a play. In contrast, option A, ‘A thing of beauty is a joy forever’, does not use this figurative comparison, making it the option that does not match.

(b) The sixth age shifts
Into the lean and slippered pantaloon,
With spectacles on nose and pouch on side,
His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide
For his shrunk shank; and his big manly voice,
Turning again toward childish treble, pipes
And whistles in his sound.

1. The tone of the poet in line
‘His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide
For his shrunk shank’
is largely
A. nostalgic
B. humorous
C. pessimistic
D. regretful
Ans. A. nostalgic

The tone in the line about old age is nostalgic (A). This reflects a longing for lost youth and the passage of time, highlighting the contrast between the past and present.

2. Select the option that displays the changes that very old age witnesses.
i. Round belly
ii. Full of wisdom
iii. Loss of vigour
iv. Lean & bony
v. Hoarse voice

A. i, iii, iv
B. ii, iii, v
C. ii, iii, iv
D. iii, iv, v
Ans. D. iii, iv, v 

The changes that occur in very old age include a notable loss of vigour, resulting in a lean and bony physique, as well as a voice that becomes hoarse. Therefore, the correct options reflecting these changes are: iii, iv, and v (D).

Q4. You already know the two literary devices generally used by writers and poets for comparison, i.e. metaphor and simile.
e.g. a) He was a lion in the battle. (metaphor)
b) He fought like a lion. (simile)

In (a) the writer talks of the soldier in terms of a lion. The comparison is implied. In (b) the writer compares the soldier to a lion with the use of the word like, (as may also be used for such comparisons).
Read the poem again and note down the metaphors and similes. Complete the following chart.

Ans. 

Q5. In this poem, life is being compared to a play. Just as in a play, a man acts many parts, so also in life, a man plays many roles. Can you think of some other comparison for life? (For example, life could be compared with the seasons in nature, the days of the week, the lessons in a school day.) Select one of these comparisons (or choose one of your own), and write about the similarities that life has with it. (80-100 words)

Ans: In the poem ‘The Seven Ages’ by William Shakespeare, life is compared to a play where each person takes on various roles, much like the changing seasons in nature. Spring represents infancy and childhood, a time of innocence filled with blooming flowers and playful butterflies. Summer signifies adolescence, characterised by emotional intensity and the exploration of passions. Autumn reflects adulthood, where falling leaves symbolise maturity and complex life reflections, including relationships and careers. Finally, winter embodies old age, marked by stillness and wisdom, as one seeks comfort and peace. Each season represents different stages of life’s journey, from youthful beginnings to serene old age.

Q1: Sometimes we see something beautiful and striking, and we remember it for a long time afterward. Can you recollect this ever happening to you? If so, what was it? What do you remember about it now? Are the details of what you saw or the feelings you experienced at that time fresh in your mind? Think for a few minutes, then share your thoughts with the class.
Ans: A Classroom Activity.

Q2:  Listen to one of William Wordsworth’s poems that describes a memorable experience he had while out on a walk. (Your teacher will play a recording.) Listen to the poem at least twice.
Ans: Do it yourself.

Q3: Now Read the Poem.
See textbook on page 77.
Anss: Do it yourself.

Q4: Imagine that you are the poet, William Wordsworth. You continue on your walk, and when you reach home you tell a friend what you saw and felt. Which of the following best describes your experience? (Work in pairs, then have a class discussion.)
(a) “I was walking past some fields when I saw a young girl, a farm worker, harvesting grain by hand, with a sickle. She was so beautiful that I stood out of sight and watched her for a long time. I have never seen anyone more gorgeous! In fact, she reminded me of other beautiful experiences I’ve had—the song of the nightingale or the cuckoo, for instance. I’d certainly like to see her again!”
(b) “As I was standing on the hilltop just now, I heard a very sad and plaintive song. I looked down, and saw a young woman reaping grain, singing as she did so. She seemed very melancholy as she sang. But somehow her song brought great comfort and joy to me. In fact, I found it a very emotional experience. As I continued my walk along the hilltop, I also heard a nightingale and a cuckoo. But the young farm worker’s song affected me most deeply, even though I couldn’t understand the words.”
(c) “Just now, as I was walking in the valley, I saw a young farm worker in die field. She was singing to herself as she worked. I was so affected by her singing that I stopped and listened. She had a beautiful voice, which seemed to fill the whole valley. The song was a sad one, and I couldn’t understand the words. But its plaintive tone and melancholy sound touched me greatly, and, its beauty reminded me of the song of a nightingale or a cuckoo. After some time I walked up the hill, carrying the memory of the young woman’s song with me.”
Ans: The best answer is ‘(c)’. [A Classroom Activity]

Q5: The poet could not understand the words of the song, yet he raised several possibilities about its theme. In the diagram below are some of these possibilities. Read the third stanza again, and find the phrase that matches each. Copy and complete the diagram, writing each phrase in the empty boxes. Work in pairs.

Ans:

Q6 A: On the basis of your understanding of the poem, answer the following questions by ticking the correct choice.

(a) The central idea of the poem ‘The Solitary Reaper’ is ________.
(i) well-sung songs give us happiness
(ii) melodious sounds appeal to all
(iii) beautiful experiences give us lifelong pleasure
(iv) reapers can sing like birds
Ans: (a) (iii) beautiful experiences give us lifelong pleasure

(b) In the poem ‘The Solitary Reaper’ to whom does the poet say ‘Stop here or gently pass?
(i) to the people cutting corn
(ii) to himself
(iii) to the people who make noise
(iv) to all the passersby
Ans : (b) (iv) to all the passersby

(c) ‘The Solitary Reaper’ is a narrative poem set to music. This form of verse is called a ______.
(i) ballad
(ii) soliloquy
(iii) monologue
(iv) sonnet
Ans: (c) (i) ballad

(d) The poet’s lament in the poem ‘The Solitary Reaper’ is that ______.
(i) he cannot understand the song
(ii) he did not know the lass
(iii) she stopped singing at once
(iv) he had to move away
Ans:(d) (iv) he had to move away

(e) Why does the poet feel that the reaper was most likely singing sorrowful songs?
(i) The poet himself was sad
(ii) The tune was melancholic
(iii) The surrounding was dismal
(iv) The reaper was weeping
Ans. (ii) The tune was melancholic

Q6 B: Read the given stanzas and answer the questions given below by selecting the correct option.
Alone she cuts and binds the grain,
And sings a melancholy strain;
O listen! for the Vale profound
Is overflowing with the sound.

1. The exclamation mark used in O listen! suggests
A. a call for attention.
B. a request to listen.
C. a sense of wonder.
D. a warning to alert.
Ans. A. a call for attention.

2. Select the option that illustrates the task done by “she”.

A. Option (1)
B. Option (2)
C. Option (3)
D. Option (4)
Ans: B. Option (2)

3. Select the option that displays lines with the same rhyme scheme as that of the given stanza.
A. Clear sky, no clouds high up
The farmer looks and sighs
No monsoons yet, God why?
It will rain, it must.

B. The farmer looks at the sky
Thankful for the monsoon days
I am sure it’s going to rain, he says
Thankful for the clouds up so high

C. Are any clouds visible?
No, none that I see.
How unfortunate, poor me.
Faith is my only reprieve.

D. The farmer looks at the sky
Thankful for the clouds up so high.
I am sure it’s going to rain, he says
Thankful for the monsoon days.

Ans. D. The farmer looks at the sky
Thankful for the clouds up so high.
I am sure it’s going to rain, he says
Thankful for the monsoon days.

Q7: Answer in detail
(a) Do you think that the poet feels overwhelmed by the song of the Solitary Reaper? Why/Why not?
Ans: Yes, the poet feels overwhelmed by the song of the Solitary Reaper. He was deeply drawn to the sweet voice and the sad melody. It held him so completely that he stood quietly without moving. As he climbed the hill, he kept replaying the music in his mind and wished to hear more upon his return.

(b) The use of imagery in the poem has a major impact on the reading experience. Discuss.
Ans: Imagery plays a significant role in the first two stanzas: “Behold her, single in the field, Yon solitary Highland lass! Reaping and singing by herself;” These lines paint a picture of a young woman in the Scottish Highlands, working alone in a field, cutting and binding grain while singing to herself. “Alone she cuts, and binds the grain, And sings a melancholy strain:” These lines evoke the image of the woman laboring alone, tying together sheaves of grain, all the while singing a sad song. Thus, these vivid descriptions allow readers to visualize exactly what the poet witnessed in the fields, enhancing their experience of the poem.

(c) The language of music is universal. Justify with reference to The Solitary Reaper.
Ans: The poem ‘The Solitary Reaper’ illustrates the universality of music. As the poet passed by a field on his way to the hills, he encountered a young woman from the Scottish Highlands working alone. She sang a melancholic song to herself, filling the valley with her melodious voice. Captivated by the tune, the poet stood transfixed, listening intently. Although he did not understand the words or the meaning behind the song due to the language barrier, he could still grasp the emotions conveyed by the sorrowful melody. This demonstrates that music transcends language; it communicates emotions and connects people across cultural and linguistic boundaries. Thus, the universal language of music is evident in the emotional impact the song had on the poet, despite his inability to comprehend its lyrics.Q8: (a) Read the second stanza again, in which Wordsworth compares the solitary reaper’s song with the song of the nightingale and the cuckoo. On the basis of your reading (and your imagination), copy and complete the table below. (Work in groups of four, then have a brief class discussion).

Ans:

(b) Why do you think Wordsworth has chosen the song of the Nightingale and the Cuckoo for comparison with the solitary reaper’s song?
Ans: The nightingale and the cuckoo are the two birds which are famous for their sweet and melodious songs. So, it is quite natural that Wordsworth compares the sweet song of the solitary reaper to these birds.

(c) As you read the second stanza, what pictures come to your mind? Be ready to describe them in your own words, to the rest of the class. (Do not be afraid to go beyond what the poet has written.)
Ans:

• The first picture that comes to my mind is the desert of Arabia. The scorching sun is burning everything. Poor travelers are tired and thirsty. They are making their camels run for some shady haunts. At last, they find a shady place with water. They lie down to have some rest. Suddenly, a melodious voice captures their hearts. The nightingale’s song refreshes the tired travelers. They are up again for their onward journey.
• The Hebrides are wrapped in silence. A ship anchors there. A sweet voice breaks the silence of the seas. It is the melodious voice of the cuckoo. The song thrills all the seamen. The whole mountain region resounds with the song.

Q9: In the sixth line of the first stanza, we read:
“… and sings a melancholy strain…. ”
This “s” sound at the beginning of sings and strain has been repeated. Poets often do this.
Do you know why? Do you know what this “poetic repetition” is called? Can you find other instances of this, in The Solitary Reaper?
Ans: In ‘sings’ and ‘strain’, “s” sound has been repeated. The use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of words that are close together is quite common in poetry. This “poetic repetition is called “alliteration”. It is used to heighten the musical and lyrical impact of the poem.
Repetition of “s” sound in ‘silence of the seas’.
Repetition of “a” sound in ‘Among Arabian Sands’.
Repetition of “1” sound in ‘Listened, motionless and still’.

Q10: In the first stanza, some words or phrases have been used to show that the girl working in the fields is alone. Which are those words and phrases? What effect do they create in the mind of the reader?
Ans: The poet uses some words or phrases in the first stanza to show that the girl working in the field is alone. These words are:
“Single” in the field
“solitary” Highland lass
singing “by herself’
“Alone” she cuts

These words and phrases focus our attention solely on the reaper. We keep our eyes only on her and our ears to her melodious song. These words create a sense of ‘mystery’ and the presence of a lonely girl among those natural surroundings does create a romantic setting.

Q11: Wordsworth was so moved by this experience that later he wrote this poem. Think back in your own life and try to recall an experience that affected you greatly and left a deep impact on you. Then write a poem for your school magazine in which you describe that experience and its impact.
Ans: For. self-attempt.

TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS (SOLVED)

Q1. On the basis of your understanding of the poem, answer the following questions by ticking the correct choice.

(a) In the poem, a traveller comes to a fork in the road and needs to decide which way to go to continue his journey. Figuratively, the choice of the road denotes _________. 
(i) the tough choices people face while deciding on the road of life.
(ii) the time wasted on deciding what to do
(iii) life is like a forest
(iv) one must travel a lot to realize his dreams

Ans : (i) the tough choices people face while deciding on the road of life.

(b) The poet writes, ‘Two roads diverged in a yellow wood.’ The word ‘diverged’ means ________.
(i) appeared
(ii) curved
(iii) branched off
(iv) continued on

Ans : (iii) branched off

(c) The tone of the speaker in the first stanza is that of ____________.
(i) excitement
(ii) anger
(iii) hesitation and thoughtfulness
(iv) sorrow

Ans : (iii) hesitation and thoughtfulness

(d) Select the quote that captures the central idea of the poem most appropriately.

(i) We often confuse what we wish for with what is.
(ii) I have always been much better at asking questions than knowing what the answers were.
(iii) You are free to make whatever choice you want, but you are not free from the consequences of the choice.
(iv) To live a creative life, we must lose our fear of being wrong.

Ans. (iii) You are free to make whatever choice you want, but you are not free from the consequences of the choice.

Q2. Answer the following questions briefly :

i) Describe the two roads that the poet comes across.
Ans: Both roads lead into a yellow wood and seem appealing, but the first road is well-worn with flattened grass from many passersby. The second road is grassy and looks less traveled, indicating fewer people have chosen that path.

ii) Which road does the speaker choose? Why did he choose that?
Ans: The speaker chooses the road less traveled, which is grassy and appears more inviting. He selects this path because he believes it will lead to a more fulfilling and unique experience for him.

iii) Which road would you choose? Why? Give reasons for your choice.

Ans: I would choose the less traveled path because it seems more beautiful and offers a chance for a unique experience that few have had.

iv) Does the speaker seem happy about his decision?
Ans: The speaker doesn’t explicitly reveal his emotions about the decision. He leaves it to the reader to interpret how he feels. However, he emphasizes that the choices we make define us and that it’s important to move forward without dwelling on regrets.

v) The poet says “I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.” What is ‘the difference’ that the poet
mentions?
Ans: The difference refers to the change in the course of the speaker’s life because of choosing the less traveled path. It signifies that the choices we make can significantly impact our future and shape who we become.

vi) Comment on Frost’s use of nature to establish a connection with a human situation.
Ans: In Robert Frost’s poem “The Road Not Taken,” nature is used metaphorically to describe the choices and experiences humans encounter in life. Nature is not just a backdrop but a central element in the poem. The mention of the “yellow wood” symbolizes the autumn season, a time when significant decisions must be made that can shape our future. The phrase suggests that our choices are pivotal during such times. The sun in the line “And both that morning equally lay” represents enlightenment, wisdom, and realization.

vii) The poem carries a tinge of regret. Do you agree? Explain with a reason.
Ans: Yes, I agree that the poem carries a sense of regret. The line “I shall be telling this with a sigh” suggests that whenever the narrator reflects on the decision made at that crossroad in life, there is a sigh of regret. This indicates that the narrator harbors some remorse about the path chosen. The fact that the other road is kept for another day signifies a lingering curiosity or regret over the path not taken.

viii) Establish a connection between the given quote and the poem.

“If you want to achieve something you’ve never had, you have to move out of your comfort zone to travel towards it.”

Ans: This quote suggests that achieving greatness or pursuing dreams often requires stepping beyond familiar and comfortable boundaries. In “The Road Not Taken,” the narrator faces a similar dilemma of choosing between two paths, each representing different life choices. The decision involves leaving behind the comfort of the known (the road already traveled) to explore the unknown (the road not taken). It underscores the importance of courage and decision-making in venturing towards new opportunities, much like the choices depicted in the poem.

Q3. Write the rhyme scheme of the poem.
Ans : The rhyme scheme of the poem is as follows :

a   b  a  a   b
c   d  c  c   d
e   f  e  e    f
g   h  g  g   h

Q4. Fill in the blanks to complete the following paragraph that gives the theme of the poem. Use the words given in the box below :

The poem ‘The Road Not Taken’ by Robert Frost is about the (i) _________ that one makes in life. It tells about a man who comes to a (ii) _________ in the road he is travelling upon. He feels (iii) _________ that he cannot travel (iv) _________ paths as he must choose one. Frost uses this fork in the road to represent a point in the man’s life where he has to choose the (v) _________ he wishes to take in life. As he thinks about his (vi) _________ he looks down one path as far as he can see trying to (vii) _________ what life will be like if he walks that path. He then gazes at the other and decides the outcome of going down that path would be just as (viii) _________. At this point, he concludes that the (ix) _________ that has been less travelled on would be more (x) _________ when he reaches the end of it. The man then decides that he will save the other path for another day, even though he knows that one path leads to another and that he won’t get a (xi) _________ to go back. The man then says that he will be telling this story with a sigh some day in the future suggesting that he will (xii) _________ what life would have been like if he had chosen the more walked path even though the path he chose has made all the difference.
Ans : 
​(i) choices        
(ii) fork
(iii) sorry
(iv) both
(v) direction
(vi) decision
(vii) foresee
(viii) rewarding
(ix) trail
(x) pleasant
(xi) chance
(xii) wonder

Q5. Roads are fascinating as metaphors for life, change, journeys, partings, adventure, etc. or simply as roads. This is probably why they, and all their attendant images, have permeated art, literature, and song. In the poem, Frost uses the fork in the road as a metaphor for the choices we make in life. Thus the roads are, in fact, two alternative ways of life. What other nouns could be used to represent life?
Ans :

• River
• Stage
• Flowers
• Colours
• Dream
• Journey

Textbook Questions (Solved)

Q1. The poet has used a number of words which indicate ‘movement’ and ‘sound’. Make a list of these words from the poem and complete the web-chart.

Ans :

Q2. The following is a flow chart showing the course of the brook. Can you fill in the blank spaces with the help from the phrases given below?

Ans,

 
Q3. On the basis of your understanding of the poem, answer the following questions by ticking the correct choice.

(a) The message of the poem is that the life of a brook is __________.
(i) temporary
(ii) short-lived
(iii) eternal
(iv) momentary

Ans : (a) (iii) eternal

(b) The poet draws a parallelism between the journey of the brook with  __________.
(i) the life of a man
(ii) the death of a man
(iii) the difficulties in a man’s life
(iv) the endless talking of human beings

Ans : (a) (i) the life of a man

(d) In the poem, below mentioned lines: “And here and there a lusty trout, And here and there a grayling” suggest that __________.
(i) the brook is a source of life.
(ii) people enjoy the brook.
(iii) fishes survive because of water.
(iv) the brook witnesses all kinds of scenes.

Ans : (a) (i) the brook is a source of life.

(d) Select the option that matches the given words/phrases with the appropriate literary device used by the poet.

Words

Literary Device

i) Chatter; Babble; Murmur

1. Alliteration- the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words

ii) Men may come and men may go but I go on forever

2. Onomatopoeia-the formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named

iii) fairly foreland; with willow seed; foamy flake; golden gravel

3. Inversion – reversal of the normal order of the words and phrases in a sentence

4. Refrain – a word, line or phrase that

is repeated within the lines or stanzas

of the poem itself.

 (i) i-2, ii-1, iii-4 
(ii) i-4, ii-2, iii-3
(iii) I-2, ii-4, iii-1 
(iv) i-1, ii-2, iii-3

Ans. (iii) i-2, ii-4, iii-1

 (e) The first-person narration of the brook allows the reader to

(i) appreciate Tennyson’s use of symbols.
(ii) realize the ultimate goal of the brook.
(iii) experience the soothing effect of the sound of water.
(iv) understand the brook’s experience as a living organism

Ans. (iv) understand the brook’s experience as a living organism

Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow by selecting the correct options.

(A) 

With many a curve my banks I fret

By many a field and fallow,

And many a fairy foreland set

With willow-weed and mallow.

(i) Choose the option that best describes the brook’s journey in the given stanza. It is a journey full of__________ .

a) comfort and luxury
b) trials and tribulations
c) sorrow and misery
d) joy and laughter

Ans. b) trials and tribulations

 (ii) The poet has used the pronoun ‘I’ to refer to the brook and thus employed a literary device in his depiction. Choose the option that uses the same literary device as used in the first line.

a) The magnitude of the bottomless ocean was divine.
b) The angry walls echoed his fury.
c) A mother is like a lioness protecting her cubs.
d) I felt the power of the gushing stream.

Ans. d) I felt the power of the gushing stream.

 (iii) The brook seems to be fretting in the given stanza. This word has been used by the poet to depict the ________ of the flowing brook.

a) force
b) kindness
c) silence
d) beauty

Ans. a) force

(B) 

I linger by my shingly bars;

I loiter round my cresses;

And out again I curve and flow

To join the brimming river,

For men may come and men may go,

But I go on forever.

 (i) Choose the option that includes words that best describe the characteristics of the brook, as revealed in the given extract.

1. perpetual 
2. silent 
3. twisted
4. unbound 
5. interrupted

a) 1, 3 and 4
b) 1, 2, 4 and 5
c) 1, 2, and 3
d) 1, 2 and 4

Ans. a) 1, 3 and 4

 (ii) The line, ‘men may come and men may go’

a) mocks the shortness of the brook’s life as it goes through its journey.

b) highlights the eternal nature of human life as opposed to its own.

c) contrasts the eternal nature of brook against short-lived human life-span.

d) highlights the eternal story of men that the brook comes across during its journey.

Ans. c) contrasts the eternal nature of brook against short-lived human life-span.

 (iii) What do the words, ‘linger and loiter’ show about the brook?

a) Its continuity
b) Its slow movement
c) Its powerful force
d) Its ultimate purpose

Ans. b) Its slow movement

Q4. Answer the following questions briefly :

(a) How does the brook ‘sparkle’?

Ans : The brook shines as the sunlight gets reflected in its splashing water.

(b) ‘Bicker’ means, to quarrel. Why does the poet use this word here?

Ans : The brook makes loud noise as it falls down. It sounds like a quarrel.

(c) Why has the word ‘chatter’ been repeated in the poem?

Ans : The poem is written in the first person and since the brook is narrating the story, the word ‘chatter’ is used. It is to heighten the autobiographical element and make it look personal.

(d) ‘I wind about, and in and out’. What kind of picture does this line create in your mind?

Ans : A picture of a whirlpool.

(e) What does the poet want to convey by using the words ‘steal’ and ‘slide’?

Ans : It refers to the smooth and noiseless movement of the brook.

(f) ‘I make the netted sunbeam dance.’ What does ‘netted sunbeam’ mean? How does it dance?

Ans : The sunrays filtering through the leaves and bushes make a net-like pattern on shallow water-pools. They are reflected on the surface of water and appear to be dancing as the water flows.

(g) What is the ‘refrain’ in the poem? What effect does it create?

Ans : The ‘refrain’ in the poem is ‘for men may come and men may go, But I go on forever.’ The repetition of the refrain emphasises the transitory nature of man and the eternal nature of the brook.

(h)Why has the poet used the word ‘brimming’ in the line, ‘to join the brimming river?

Ans. The word ‘brimming’ means full to the top. It gives the image of a river which is full of water.

Q6. Identify the rhyme scheme of the poem.

Ans : The rhyme scheme is ab ab cd cd …..

Q7. The poem is full of images that come alive through skillful use of words. List out any two images that appeal to you the most, quoting the lines from the poem.

Ans : The first vivid image created by the poet is that of the brook flowing through hills and valleys, under the bridges and by the villages.
By thirty hills I hurry down Or slip between the ridges By twenty thorpes, a little town, And half a hundred bridges.
The second striking image is that of the serpent. Like the flow of the brook, with flowers and fish floating on it. This image is most appealing because it is apt, colourful and poetic.

Q8. The brook appears to be a symbol of life. Pick out examples of a parallel drawn between life and the brook.

Ans. The brook is a small stream that is born in some mountain. It grows bigger and stronger in the course of its journey. It makes so many types of sounds as it flows through the pebbles. Its movements are also varied. It slips and slides; it steals and winds its curves and flows. It chatters and babbles, it makes musical as well as harsh sounds. The brook’s birth and growth, chattering and babbling are very much similar to the activities of a human being. The brook represents life in general. Both have an origin, a middle stage, and an end. Both struggle against various adversities, odds and keep moving towards their goal. Above all, the brook represents life. Men may come and men may go, but life goes on forever. The same rule applies in the case of the brook. It keeps flowing eternally, like life.

Q1. Based on your reading of the story, answer the following questions by choosing the correct option.

(a) “Bully,” said Pescud, brightening at once. He means to say that he was
A. being intimidated by his boss.
B. harassing his subordinates.
C. doing very well at his job.
D. meeting all the sales targets.
Ans. C. doing very well at his job.

Explanation: Pescud uses the term “Bully” to express his satisfaction and pride in his professional success. It reflects his confidence and enthusiasm for his accomplishments as a salesman.

(b) The narrator says that life has no geographical boundaries implying that
A. human beings are essentially the same everywhere.
B. one can travel freely to other countries.
C. boundaries exist only on maps.
D. one should work towards the good of mankind.
Ans. A. human beings are essentially the same everywhere.

Explanation: The narrator states that life has no geographical boundaries, implying that human beings are essentially the same everywhere. This highlights the idea that, despite different locations, the core of human life and emotions is universal.

(c)  Classify (1) to (4) as fact (F) or opinion (O), based on your reading of the story.
(1) Pescud had hurled the bestseller to the floor.
(2) People in real life marry somebody in their own station.
(3) Pescud got an opportunity to meet Jessie all alone two evenings after he met her father.
(4) Pescud believed that plate-glass was the most important commodity.
A. F-1, 3, 4; O-2
B. F-1, 3; O-2, 4
C. F-1, 2, 4; O-3
D. F-2; O-1, 3, 4
Ans. B. F-1, 3; O-2, 4

Explanation:

• Pescud had hurled the bestseller to the floor. (Fact) – This is a specific event mentioned in the story.
• People in real life marry somebody in their own station. (Opinion) – This is Pescud’s belief about real-life marriages.
• Pescud got an opportunity to meet Jessie all alone two evenings after he met her father. (Fact) – This happened in the story as described by Pescud.
• Pescud believed that plate-glass was the most important commodity. (Opinion) – This reflects Pescud’s personal belief as a plate-glass salesman.

(d) Select the suitable option for the given statements, based on your understanding of the story.
(1) The author’s description of Coketown brings out the ugly face of the industries that operated there.
(2) Pescud got off at Coketown as it had good business prospects for a plate-glass salesman.
A. (1) is false but (2) is true.
B. (1) is true but (2) is false.
C. (1) is the cause for (2)
D. (2) is a fact but unrelated to (1)
Ans. B. (1) is true but (2) is false.

Explanation: 

• The author’s description of Coketown brings out the ugly face of the industries that operated there. (True) – Coketown is portrayed as a bleak and unattractive industrial town in the story.
• Pescud got off at Coketown as it had good business prospects for a plate-glass salesman. (False) – Pescud got off at Coketown because he was following Jessie, not for business reasons.

Q2. Read the extracts and answer the questions by selecting the correct options.

1. I contrived to keep out of her sight as much as I could, but I never lost track of her. The last station she got off at was away down in Virginia, about six in the evening. There were about fifty houses. 
The rest was mud, mules, and speckled hounds.
A tall old man, with a smooth face and white hair, looking as proud as Julius Caesar was there to meet her. His clothes were frazzled but I didn’t notice that till later. He took her little satchel, and they started over the plank walks and went up a road along the hill. I kept along a piece behind ‘em, trying to look like I was hunting a garnet ring in the sand that my sister had lost at a picnic the previous Saturday.

(i) The extract tells us that Virginia was a _________ populated town.
A. densely
B. highly
C. sparsely
D. hardly
Ans. D. hardly

(ii) Choose the option that uses the word ‘frazzled’ in the same way as the extract.
A. I feel pretty frazzled most weeks these days.
B. The cuffs of his brown shirt looked frazzled.
C. Father finally arrived home, tired and frazzled.
D. Mother was frazzled looking after all the guests had left.
Ans. B. The cuffs of his brown shirt looked frazzled.

iii) Read the statements (1) & (2) given below, and choose the option that correctly evaluates the statements.
(1): The speaker pretended that he was searching for a lost ring.
(2): The speaker wanted to hide the fact that he had been following her.
A. [1] is true, but [2] is false.
B. [2] is contradictory to [1].
C. [1] is the reason for [2].
D. [2] is the result of [1].
Ans. D. [2] is the result of [1].

iv) Select the option that displays the characteristics of the speaker.
1. discreet
2. vain
3. ambitious
4. observant
5. finicky
6. cautious
A. 1, 4 and 6
B. 2, 3 and 5
C. 1, 3 and 6
D. 2, 4 and 5
Ans. A. 1, 4 and 6

2. For about nine seconds he had me rattled, and I came mighty near getting cold feet and trying to sell him some plate-glass. But I got my nerve back pretty quick. He asked me to sit down, and I told him everything. I told him how I followed his daughter from Cincinnati, and what I did it for, and all about my salary and prospects, and explained to him my little code of living -to be always decent and right in your home town. At first, I thought he was going to throw me out of the window, but I kept on talking.
Well, that got him to laughing and I’ll bet that was the first laugh those ancestors and horsehair sofa had heard in many a day.

i) Select the option that matches the expression with the meaning correctly.

A. I-c, II-b, III-a
B. I-d, II-a, III-b
C. I-a, II-c, III-d
D. I-b, II-d, III-c
Ans. B. I-d, II-a, III-b

ii) Select the option that lists the statements which can be a part of one’s ‘code of living’.
1. Keep your word.
2. Never quit on yourself or your family.
3. Think about the future and ignore the present.
4. Focus on materialistic possessions.
5. Stay true to yourself.
6. Look back and wonder about your decisions.
A. 1, 3 and 6
B. 2, 4 and 5
C. 2, 5 and 6
D. 1, 2 and 5
Ans. D. 1, 2 and 5

iii) “I’ll bet that was the first laugh those ancestors and horsehair sofa had heard in many a day.” The tone of the speaker is
A. satirical.
B. ironical.
C. humorous.
D. sarcastic.
Ans. D. sarcastic.

iv) Which option best describes the sequence of the speaker’s emotions in the given extract.
A. nostalgia-friendliness-jitters-disappointment
B. curiosity-nostalgia-fear-mild sadness
C. jitters-confidence-apprehension-delight
D. shyness—friendliness-excitement-nostalgia
Ans. C. jitters-confidence-apprehension-delight

3. Answer the following questions briefly.
(a) One day last summer the author was travelling to Pittsburg by chair car. What does he say about his co-passengers?
Ans: One day last summer, the author was travelling to Pittsburgh by chair car on business. Most of the passengers were ladies. They wore brown-silk dresses cut with square yokes, laces and dotted veils. There were men who looked as if “they might be in almost any business.” However, his attention was drawn by the black, bald-spotted head just visible above the back of seat No. 9.

(b) Who was the passenger of chair No. 9? What did he suddenly do?
Ans: John A. Pescud was the passenger of chair No. 9. Suddenly, he hurled a book onto the floor between his chair and the window. The book was named “The Rose Lady and Trevelyan”. It was one of the best-selling novels of the present day.

(c) What was John A. Pescud’s opinion about best sellers? Why?
Ans: John A. Pescud didn’t hold a very high opinion about best sellers. The fiction writers are not consistent with their scenes and characters. They are far removed from reality. Their account is highly unreal, exaggerated and romantic. Sometimes the American hero falls in love with a royal princess from Europe. He follows her to her father’s kingdom. But in real life, people choose life partners belonging to their own status.

(d) What does John say about himself since his last meeting with the author?
Ans: The author asked John how he was getting along with the company. John replied that he was getting on pretty well. He had his salary raised twice since the last meeting. He got a commission, too. He had bought a “neat slice of real estate”. The firm was going to sell him some shares of stock. He was “in on the line of General Prosperity”. He also broke the news that he got married eighteen months ago.

(e) How did John’s first meeting with Jessie’s father go? What did the author tell him?
Ans: John met Jessie’s father at his ancestral house. At eleven sharp, he rang the bell. An old man, about eighty, showed up and asked what he wanted. John showed him his business card. He told the old man how he followed his daughter from Cincinnati, his business, salary and prospects. The old man then shared anecdotes and humorous stories, easing the tension. The Colonel expressed that he had never been so fortunate as he felt after meeting him.

(f) Why did John get off at Coketown?
Ans: John decided to get off at Coketown because his wife, Jessie, had seen some petunias in a window during their trip back from Philadelphia. These flowers reminded her of the ones she used to grow in her home in Virginia. Although the author thought Coketown was not a good place for selling plate-glass, John wanted to stop there for the night. He planned to dig up some cuttings or blossoms to bring back to Jessie, showing his thoughtfulness and affection for her.

(g) John is a hypocrite. Do you agree with this statement? Substantiate your answer.
Ans: John is indeed a hypocrite. He often says one thing but does the opposite. For instance, he criticises best-sellers for being unrealistic and overly romantic, claiming that in reality, people tend to marry within their own social class. However, John himself is a commercial traveller who pursues Jessie, a woman from a much higher social status, as her father is a descendant of belted earls. This contradiction highlights his hypocritical nature as he chases after his own ‘princess’ while denouncing the very ideals he embodies.

(h) Describe John A. Pescud with reference to the following points:

• His Physical appearance
• His philosophy on behaviour
• His profession
• His first impression of his wife
• His success

Ans: 

• Physical appearance- A small man with a wide smile and an eye fixed on the end of his nose. A bald-spotted head.
• His philosophy on behaviour- When a man is in his home town, he ought to be decent and law-abiding.
• His profession- Travelling salesman for a plate-glass company.
• His first impression of his wife- ‘___the finest looking girl. Nothing spectacular, but just the sort you want for keeps.
• His success- Salary raised twice in a couple of years. Got a commission. Bought real estate. The firm is going to sell some shares of stock. On the line of ‘General Prosperity’.

4. Irony refers to the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of their literal meaning. Working in pairs bring out the irony in the following:
(a) The title of the story, “The Best Seller”.
(b) Pescud’s claim, “When people in real life marry, they generally hunt up somebody in their own station. A fellow usually picks out a girl who went to the same high school and belonged to the same singing-society that he did.”
(c) The name Trevelyan.
Ans: (a) Ram: The title of the story, “The Best Seller”, is ironic.
Sita: That it is. Irony refers to the use of words to convey a meaning that is opposite to their literal meaning.
Ram: John A. Pescud doesn’t like ‘best-sellers’ like “The Rose Lady and Trevelyan.”
Sita: He thinks that they present a highly unreal, exaggerated and romantic version of life.
Ram: But he himself is the “Best Seller”.
Sita: After all, he is a travelling salesman. He knows all the tricks and arts of selling.
Ram: And he sells such an incredible story.
Sita: He criticises Trevelyan but imitates his real life.
Ram: He is another Trevelyan hunting for petunias for his princess Jessie Allyn.

(b) Ram: Don’t you feel John A. Pescud is a hypocrite?
Sita: Without any doubt, he is.
Ram: Pescud claims, “When people in real life marry, they generally hunt up somebody in their own station.”
Sita: He thinks that “A fellow usually picks out a girl who went to the same high school and belonged to the same singing society that he did.”
Ram: What John A. Pescud claims, he does just the opposite.
Sita: This is what irony is. He criticises best¬sellers.’ They present a highly unreal, exaggerated and romantic version of life.
Ram: But John doesn’t marry a salesgirl. He falls in love with the “finest looking girl, a descendant of belted earls. She was the owner of a grand mansion as big as the Capitol in Washington.

(c) Ram: In the end, the narrator wishes good luck to John, calling him Trevelyan.
Sita: The address is ironic.
Ram: Trevelyan falls in love with a royal Princess from Europe. He follows her to her father’s kingdom or principality.
Sita: And John A. Pescud does exactly the same.
Ram: John criticises the hero of “The Rose and Trevelyan” but imitates him.
Sita: He doesn’t run after a sales girl but after the finest girl, a descendant of belted earls.
Ram: And this modem Trevelyan, hunts petunias for her princess Jessie Allyn in Coketown.

5. Answer in detail

(a) Pescud had the qualities of a good salesman. Justify this statement by citing examples from the text.

Ans: Pescud demonstrated the qualities of a good salesman through his observant nature, confidence, and persuasive skills. He effectively seized business opportunities, particularly in Coketown, where he gained the trust of Jessie’s father. His determination and ability to communicate effectively showcased his adaptability and persistence, which are essential traits for success in sales.

(b) Imagine you are Andrew Smith, the author of the bestseller, The Rose Lady and Trevelyan. You happen to meet Pescud during one of your train journeys and realise he is one of your biggest critics. Write down the possible conversation.

You may begin like this:

Pescud: Hello sir! It’s a pleasure to have this chance meeting with you. I have read your book, The Rose Lady and Trevelyan, but I must say that I beg to differ with your idea of romance. I feel it is far from reality.

Andrew: Hello Mr. Pescud! I am glad that you are candid in your opinion about my book. So, tell me what’s your notion of an ideal romance?

Ans: 

Pescud: Hello sir! It’s a pleasure to have this chance meeting with you. I have read your book, The Rose Lady and Trevelyan, but I must say that I beg to differ with your idea of romance. I feel it is far from reality.

Andrew: Hello, Mr. Pescud! I am glad that you are candid in your opinion about my book. So, tell me what’s your notion of an ideal romance?

Pescud: In real life, people choose partners who share similar values and come from the same social background. Romance should be practical, not extravagant like in bestsellers. For example, I pursued my wife based on shared understanding, not dramatic gestures.

Andrew: That’s an interesting perspective. It seems your life story is quite unique yet rooted in reality. Perhaps it could be a bestseller in itself!

Pescud: (Laughs) Maybe! But I believe stories should reflect the true nature of relationships and focus on simplicity rather than exaggerated fantasies.

Andrew: Thank you for sharing your thoughts. I’ll surely consider your perspective in my future writings

6. Working in groups of four, write an article on the following:

The elderly seek attention and company from younger members of their family. They are eager to listen and long to share their life experiences. John A. Pescud is not only respectful but also very patient with Colonel Allyn, Jessie’s father.

As a reporter, write an article for a newspaper on the importance of the elderly in our lives.

Ans:  Article: The Importance of the Elderly in Our Lives

The elderly are an integral part of our families and communities. They are the custodians of wisdom, culture, and life experiences that shape the younger generations. Their presence enriches our lives with values and lessons that cannot be found in books or modern gadgets.

In the story “The Best Seller” by O. Henry, John A. Pescud exemplifies how the elderly should be treated. His respectful and patient behaviour toward Colonel Allyn, Jessie’s father, highlights the importance of valuing the older generation. Despite initial hostility, Pescud won over Colonel Allyn with his sincerity, showcasing how mutual respect can bridge generational gaps.

The elderly often seek attention and companionship, longing to share their stories and experiences. Their advice, drawn from years of wisdom, can guide the younger generation in making better life choices. Spending time with them fosters stronger family bonds and provides a sense of belonging.

However, in today’s fast-paced world, the elderly are often neglected or left feeling isolated. It is crucial for families to spend quality time with them, listen to their stories, and make them feel valued. Their presence is not just a responsibility but a privilege that brings stability and emotional depth to our lives.

Let us cherish the elderly and honour their contributions to our families and society. After all, a society that respects its elders is a society rooted in humanity and compassion.

Q1. Based on your reading of the story, answer the following questions by choosing the correct option.

(a) Mrs. Bramble was a proud woman because _______.

(i) she was the wife of a famous boxer.
(ii) she had motivated her husband.
(iii) she was a good housewife.
(iv) she was the mother of a child prodigy.

Ans : (iv) she was the mother of a child prodigy.

Mrs. Bramble felt a deep sense of pride because her son, Harold, was a child prodigy. His exceptional intelligence and achievements were a significant source of her pride.

(b) “The very naming of Harold had caused a sacrifice on his part.” The writer’s tone here is ___.

(i) admiring
(ii) assertive
(iii) satirical
(iv) gentle

Ans : (iii) satirical

The writer’s tone in the phrase “The very naming of Harold had caused a sacrifice on his part” is satirical. The use of the word sacrifice in relation to Harold’s name suggests an ironic or mocking tone, indicating that the sacrifice was either trivial or unnecessary. This is characteristic of a satirical tone.

(c) Harold had defied the laws of heredity by ___.

(i) becoming a sportsperson
(ii) being good at academics
(iii) being well-built and muscular
(iv) respecting his parents

Ans : (ii) being good at academics

Harold defied the laws of heredity by excelling academically, even though his parents were not known for their academic achievements. This unexpected success contrasted sharply with the typical traits associated with his family background.

(d) Harold felt that he was deprived of the respect his classmates would give him as ________ .

(i) they did not know his father was the famous boxer, ‘Young Porky’.
(ii) his hero, Jimmy Murphy had not won the wrestling match.
(iii) he had not got Phil Scott’s autograph.
(iv) Sid Simpson had lost the Lonsdale belt.

Ans : (i) they did not know his father was the famous boxer ‘Young Porky’.

Harold felt deprived of the respect from his classmates because they were unaware that his father was the famous boxer ‘Young Porky’. This lack of recognition regarding his father’s fame made Harold feel undervalued among his peers.

e) ‘It’s hard,’ he said at length in a choked voice. What was hard, according to Mr. Fisher?

(i)  To accept the truth.
(ii)  To fight with American Murphy.
(iii)  To control his anger.
(iv) To give up boxing.

Ans. (iv) To give up boxing.

 Mr. Fisher was emotionally struggling with the idea of giving up boxing.

(f) What do you gauge about Major Percy Stokes’ character from the story? Select the most appropriate option from the following.

(1) man of wrath
(2) persuasive
(3) argumentative
(4) interfering
(5)  self-important

(i)  (1), (3) and (5)

(ii)  (1), (2) and (4)

(iii)  (2), (4) and (5)

(iv) (3), (4) and (5)

Ans. (i)  (1), (3) and (5)

Major Percy Stokes is portrayed as a man with a wrathful nature, often engaging in arguments and displaying a self-important attitude. These characteristics suggest that he tends to be confrontational and believes highly of himself, aligning with the analysis of his character.

Q3. Read the given extracts and answer the questions by selecting the correct options.

(I)

The only drawback was that his very ‘perfection had made necessary a series of evasions and even deliberate falsehoods on the part of herself and her husband, highly distasteful to both. They were lovers of truth, but they had realised that there are times when truth must be sacrificed. At any cost, the facts concerning Mr. Bramble’s profession must be kept from Harold.

(i) His very ‘perfection’ refers to Harold’s

(1) gentlemanly manners.
(2) aspiration to be the best.
(3) exceptional intelligence.
(4) obsession with cleanliness.

A.(1) and (3)
B. (2) and (3)
C. (1) and (4)
D. (2) and (4)

Ans. A. (1) and (3)

Harold’s perfection is attributed to his behavior, manners, and qualities that are refined and idealized, suggesting that he is an impeccable gentleman.

 (ii) What was highly distasteful to both Mrs. and Mr. Bramble?

A. Consciously choosing to lie.
B. Harold’s perfection.
C. Mr. Bramble’s profession.
D. Their relationship with each other.

Ans. A. Consciously choosing to lie.

Mrs. and Mr. Bramble found it highly distasteful to consciously choose to lie to protect Harold from the truth about Mr. Bramble’s profession. They valued honesty and felt uncomfortable having to deceive their son. Despite their love for truth, they recognised that sometimes it was necessary to keep certain facts hidden, particularly regarding Mr. Bramble’s career as a professional boxer.

 (iii) The facts concerning Mr. Bramble’s profession “must be kept’ from Harold because it would make him feel

A. afraid. 
B. ashamed.
C. weird. 
D. angry.

Ans. B. ashamed.

The reason for keeping the truth about Mr. Bramble’s profession from Harold was to prevent him from feeling ashamed of his father’s past. This secrecy aimed to protect Harold’s self-esteem, as the revelation could lead to feelings of embarrassment regarding his father’s career as a professional boxer.

(II)

On the faces of three of them consternation was written. In the eyes of the fourth, Mr. Fisher, there glittered that nasty, steely expression of the man, who sees his way to getting a bit of his own back, Mr. Fisher’s was not an un-mixedly chivalrous nature. He considered that he had been treated badly…

(i) Three of them felt anxious because

A. Mr. Fisher was about to hit Major Percy.
B. they suspected Mr. Fisher would take revenge.
C. Harold had heard a part of their conversation.
D. Harold did not like arguments at home.

Ans. C. Harold had heard a part of their conversation.

The anxiety stemmed from the fear that Harold had overheard something he was not supposed to know, which could lead to complications.

(ii) Get a bit of his own back implies _____________

A. feeling offended.
B. getting his way.
C. being forceful.
D. taking revenge.

Ans. D. taking revenge.

“Get a bit of his own back” means to seek revenge or retribution for a perceived wrong.

 (iii) How was Mr. Fisher planning to get his own back?

A. By telling Harold the truth about his father.
B.By persuading Mr. Bramble to change his mind.
C.By hitting Major Percy and Mr. Bramble.
D. By kidnapping Harold and blackmailing Brambles.

Ans. A. By telling Harold the truth about his father.

Mr. Fisher was planning to take revenge by revealing the truth about Harold’s father, Mr. Bramble, and the situation that had upset him.

 (iv) Mr. Fisher felt he had been treated badly because Mr. Bramble had

A. cheated him and lied
B. called off his fight with Murphy.
C. been spending time with Percy.
D. been insensitive and aggressive.

Ans. B. called off his fight with Murphy.

Mr. Fisher was upset because Mr. Bramble had cancelled the fight with Murphy, which was a significant event for him. He felt personally wronged by this decision, as it affected his expectations and plans.

Q2. Answer the following questions :

(a) Why was it necessary to keep Harold’s father’s profession a secret from him?

Ans. It was necessary to keep Harold’s father’s profession a secret because Harold was seen as a model of ideal behaviour, which made his parents feel inadequate or insecure. Mr. and Mrs. Bramble feared that if Harold learned his father was a professional boxer, it would diminish his respect for him. They worried that Harold might view boxing as uncultured or shady, leading them to conceal this aspect of his father’s identity.

(b) Describe Mr. Bramble as he has been described in the story.

Ans. Mr. Bramble is described as a thirty-one-year-old man with an athletic build, weighing eight stone four. He is celebrated for his exceptional boxing skills, capable of defeating anyone in a twenty-round contest. Despite his fame in the ring, Mr. Bramble is naturally timid and often gives in to his wife’s wishes. He is depicted as a devoted and overprotective father, and he demonstrates deep love and care for his family.

(c) Who was Jerry Fisher? What did he say to convince Bill to change his mind?

Ans. Jerry Fisher was Bill’s trainer, dedicated to preparing him for an upcoming boxing match. He first tried to convince Bill by mentioning the potential prize money. When that didn’t work, Jerry applied emotional pressure, arguing that if Bill withdrew, it would harm Jerry’s career and reputation as a trainer. He stressed that all their hard work together would be wasted, making it clear how much was at stake for both of them.

(d) Why was Harold upset that his father had not told him about his true identity? Give two reasons.
Ans. Harold was deeply upset to learn that his parents had kept a significant secret from him. He felt betrayed because he believed he had missed out on a chance to earn the respect of his classmates. If they had known that his father was the famous boxer, ‘Young Porky’, they would have admired him. This revelation made Harold feel that he had been deprived of an important part of his identity.

(e) Do you agree with Harold’s parents’ decision to hide from him the fact that his father was a boxer? Why/Why not?
Ans: Harold’s parents’ decision to hide the fact that his father was a boxer was misguided. They thought Harold would feel shame upon discovering that his father was known as ‘Young Porky’ and had a fierce reputation. However, Harold’s feelings were quite the opposite; he would have felt proud to learn about his father’s achievements in the boxing world. By keeping this information from him, his parents deprived him of the chance to understand and appreciate his father’s identity and the hard work that came with it.

(f) Why did Mr. Bramble decide at the last minute not to fight with American Murphy at the National Sporting Club?
Ans. Mr. Bramble decided not to fight American Murphy at the National Sporting Club because of the impact of letters and religious tracts he received from Percy. These messages made him rethink his choice regarding the match. In particular, Percy’s comments about Harold influenced Mr. Bramble to abandon boxing entirely and pursue a career as an instructor instead.

(g) ‘There are times when truth must be sacrificed.’ Do you agree? Why / why not?
Ans. No, I do not agree with this statement. Many people think it is acceptable to lie to others, especially children, believing that revealing the truth may cause them to feel anxiety or shame. However, lying often leads to more complications, as one must continually hide the truth. What people fail to realise is that the truth will eventually come out, making it better to tell the truth now rather than later.

(h) “Don’t judge a book by its cover.” Discuss with reference to Mr. Bramble’s personality.
Ans. Mr. Bramble presents a striking contrast between his appearance and his personality. Despite his sturdy build, he possesses a genial smile and is known as one of the mildest and most obliging individuals. While he has moments of wrath, he is easily persuaded and does not exhibit violence in his private life. This challenges the common perception that boxers are inherently aggressive. In the case of Mr. Bramble, the saying “Don’t judge a book by its cover” holds true, since his gentle nature contrasts sharply with the aggressive image of a boxer.

Q3. Answer in detail. 

(a) Did Harold react the way his parents expected him to on finding out about his father’s true profession? Give reasons for your answer.

Ans. No, Harold did not react as his parents expected when he discovered his father’s true profession. Bill, Jane, and Percy believed Harold would feel embarrassed and ashamed, as they viewed him as a gentleman, unlike Bill and Jerry, who were known for their anger. They thought he might even hate his father for being a boxer. However, Harold’s reaction was different; he was not upset about the job itself. Instead, he felt hurt that his father had kept such an important secret from him. Harold admired boxing and had even expressed a desire to fight Jimmy Murphy at the National. He wanted his father to be a boxer so he could stand up to bullies and win a bet with Dicky Saunders.

(b) Assuming you are Harold, write a letter to your father expressing how you have always admired Young Pokey, little realising it was his Pa.

Ans.

Dear Dad,

I hope this letter finds you well. I wanted to share something with you that’s been on my mind since I found out about your profession. Growing up, I always admired Young Pokey; he was such a strong and respected figure to me. Little did I know, he was you all along. Knowing this now has made me rethink everything I knew about you and about boxing.

I’ve always looked up to Young Pokey, and I still do, but now I see him differently, knowing he’s you. It’s like seeing two sides of the same person – the fighter in the ring and the caring father at home. I’m still trying to make sense of it all, Dad. I hope we can talk more about this when you’re ready.

With love and confusion,

Harold

(c) We often go with preconceived notions which are usually baseless. Do you think this was the case with Mrs. and Mr. Bramble? Give reasons for your answer.

Ans: Yes, I believe Mr. and Mrs. Bramble held baseless, preconceived ideas about their son Harold. They admired his intelligence and grace, which they felt were lacking in his brother Bill. Harold excelled in reading and writing, winning awards by the age of ten, leading his parents to view him as superior to them. Concerned that Harold might disapprove of his father’s profession as a boxer, they decided to keep this fact a secret from him. This decision was supported by the parish priest and Major Percy Stokes, but they failed to see that hiding such an important truth was wrong. They mistakenly believed that Harold would be ashamed of them because he was a gentleman.

(d) Imagine you are Bill Bramble, write a diary entry expressing how life changed after your son’s birth and how you feel currently after the truth about your profession has been revealed to your son.

Monday, July 12, 2015, 7:00 PM 

Dear Diary,

I have always been proud of being a professional boxer. It brought me fame, recognition, and money. Before my son Harold was born, I was deeply passionate about my boxing matches. However, as Harold grew up and showed exceptional talents and skills in many areas, I started feeling insecure and worried.

Now, I don’t want to continue my boxing career because I fear it might harm Harold. I worry that he might feel ashamed if he knew about my profession. He is such a talented and versatile child, and I’m afraid he might hesitate to tell his friends about my job. I’ve told him that I work as a commercial traveller, and he believed me easily because he’s always been focused on his studies.

For these reasons, I’ve decided to retire from boxing after my upcoming match with the American boxer, Jimmy Murphy. After this fight, there will be nothing left to hide from Harold, and I hope everything will be fine from then on.

Q4. Choose extracts from the story that illustrate the characters of these people in it.

 Ans. 

Q5. Many people are of the opinion that violent, physical sports such as boxing, kick boxing and wrestling, to name a few should be banned while others think otherwise. Express your opinion on the topic by either writing in favour of banning these sports or against banning them. While writing, you should also include the rebuttal to your questions. Try not to go beyond 200 words.

Ans. I am against banning violent, physical sports like boxing, kickboxing, and wrestling. These sports have been part of human culture for centuries, providing not only entertainment but also a platform for athletes to demonstrate their skills and dedication. Banning them would take away individuals’ freedom to engage in activities they enjoy and excel in. 
Moreover, these sports are governed by strict rules and safety measures designed to minimise risks to athletes. Participants undergo rigorous training and conditioning, which fosters discipline and commitment. Many athletes experience personal growth and character development, learning resilience, determination, and sportsmanship. Critics argue that these sports encourage violence and pose health risks, such as brain injuries. However, supporters maintain that athletes are aware of these risks and choose to participate willingly. Additionally, advancements in sports science and medical care continually enhance safety protocols. In conclusion, banning these sports would infringe on personal freedoms and overlook their positive aspects. Instead, promoting safety measures and educating participants about risks would be a more balanced approach to ensuring their continued existence while reducing potential harm.

Q1. The ‘Professor’ knew too much. How did he prove himself? Fill up the space with suitable examples from the story, using the given clues:

(a) About muzzle velocity: _________________

Ans: When the sergeant said the bullet’s speed was over 2000 feet per second, the Professor corrected him and said it was exactly 2440 feet per second.

(b) After a thirty mile walk: _______________

Ans: Even after a tiring 30-mile walk, Quelch seemed to be energetic and encouraged others to sing.

(c) His salute on payday: __________________

Ans: On payday, he would salute the officers by swinging his arms and marching to the canteen like a Guardsman.

(d) The loud sound of a high flying invisible aeroplane: _________________________________

Ans: Upon hearing a loud noise from a high-flying, invisible aeroplane, the Professor identified it as a North American Harvard Trainer.

(e) About hand grenades :

Ans: When Corporal Turnbull mentioned that a grenade breaks into many fragments, the Professor confidently stated it is divided into forty-four segments.

(f) During cookhouse duties: ______________

Ans: During his cookhouse duties, too, the ‘Professor’ protested against the unscientific and unhygienic method of peeling the potatoes, saying that it led to the loss of vitamins.

Q2. Based on your reading of the story, answer the following questions by choosing the correct options.

(a) Private Quelch was nicknamed ‘Professor’ because of _______________ .

(i) his appearance
(ii) his knowledge
(iii) his habit of reading
(iv) his habit of sermonising

Ans : (iv) his habit of sermonising.

(b) One could hammer nails into Corporal Turnbull without his noticing it because of _______.

(i) he was a strong and sturdy man
(ii) he was oblivious to his surroundings
(iii) he was a brave corporal
(iv) he was used to it

Ans : (i) he was a strong and sturdy man.

(c) The author and his friend Trower fled from the scene as _______________ .

(i) They had to catch a train
(ii) They could not stand Private Quelch exhibiting his knowledge
(iii) They felt they would have to lend a helping hand.
(iv) They did not want to meet the cooks.

Ans: (ii) They couldn’t stand Private Quelch exhibiting his knowledge.

(d) The main reason that the Professor remained unflinched despite the retaliation of his batch-mates was due to the fact that

(i) his desire to impress people overruled the humiliation he experienced each time.
(ii) his miraculously tireless personality couldn’t stop him from working extra hard.
(iii) he was so involved in excelling that he barely noticed sarcastic comments.
(iv) he knew that the only way to earn respect is through hard work.

Ans. (iii) he was so involved in excelling that he barely noticed sarcastic comments.

(e) Choose the expression that uses the same literary device as used in the line “he was so tough that you could hammer nails into him without his noticing it.”

(i) My mom made enough food to feed an army last night.
(ii) My alarm clock yells at me to get out of bed every morning.
(iii) The car complained as the key was roughly turned in its ignition.
(iv) Lightning danced across the sky like a fairy beating against the clouds.

Ans.  (i) My mom made enough food to feed an army last night.

Q3. Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow:

(I)

Without even a glance upward, the Professor announced, “That, of course, is a North American Harvard Trainer. It can be unmistakably identified by the harsh engine note, due to the high tip speed of the airscrew.” What could a gang of louts like us do with a man like that?

(i) Choose the option that best describes the traits of the Professor in the given extract.

patience

awareness

knowledge

flamboyance

kindness

a) 1, 2, 3

b) 2, 3, 4

c) 2, 3, 5

d) 3, 4, 5

Ans. b) 2, 3, 4

ii) The author refers to himself and his peers as ‘louts’ to

a) bring out the contrast with the Professor.
b) comment on the expertise in other fields.
c) draw attention to the lack of teamwork in all.
d) accept the display of undisciplined behaviour.

Ans. a) bring out the contrast with the Professor.

(II)

In the silence that followed a dark flush stained the tan of the Corporal’s face. “Here,” he said at last, “you give this lecture”. As if afraid to say any more, he tossed the grenade to the Professor. Quite unabashed, Private Quelch climbed to his feet and with the attitude of a man coming into his birth-right gave us an unexceptionable lecture on the grenade.

 i) Choose the statement that is NOT TRUE about the depiction of the scene described in the above lines.

a) Private Quelch knew more about hand grenades than Turnbull.
b) Turnbull was not someone who would let things go easily.
c) The entire batch was stunned at Quelch’s audacity.
d) Quelch was able to impress Turnbull with his vast knowledge.

Ans. d) Quelch was able to impress Turnbull with his vast knowledge.

ii) The silence that follows Quelch’s remarks shows that the entire batch did not

a) wish to see Turnbull humiliated.
b) want Quelch embarrassed.
c) know how to react
d) care for the conversation.

Ans. c) know how to react

iii) The fact that Quelch delivered the lecture when asked to do so shows that he

a) wanted to teach Turnbull a valuable lesson.
b) failed to take the hint that Turnbull felt insulted.
c) knew when to flaunt his knowledge for his own benefit.
d) established himself as a man superior to Turnbull

Ans. c) knew when to flaunt his knowledge for his own benefit.

Q3. Answer the following questions briefly.

(a) What is ‘nickname’? Can you suggest one for Private Quelch?

Ans: A nickname is a funny or short name given instead of the real name. For Private Quelch, a suitable nickname could be “Mr. Show-off.”

(b) Private Quelch looked like a ‘Professor’ when the author first met him at the training depot. Why?

Ans. Private Quelch looked like a Professor because he was thin, wore spectacles, walked with a stoop, frowned, and looked serious.

(c) What does the dark, sun-dried appearance of the sergeant suggest about him?

Ans: The sergeant’s dark, sun-dried appearance suggested that he was a tough, experienced man, used to training in the open and dealing with hardships.

(d) How does Private Quelch expose his knowledge even further as the sergeant’s classes go on?

Ans. As the sergeant’s classes progressed, Quelch not only corrected the sergeant’s understanding of the rifle but also answered all questions posed to him. He excelled in providing technical definitions.

(e) What did the Professor mean by “intelligent reading”?

Ans. By “intelligent reading,” Quelch referred to his diligent nature, intelligence, and desire for knowledge. He effectively used his memory and knowledge at crucial moments to impress his instructors, which he termed as “intelligent reading”.

(f) What were the Professor’s ambitions in the army?

Ans. Professor Quelch wanted to race ahead of all his batch in getting a commission. His first step was to get a stripe.

(g) Did Private Quelch’s day-to-day practices take him closer towards his goal? How can you make out?

Ans. Despite his ambition and diligence, Quelch’s approach to impressing his instructors ultimately backfired. His attempts to showcase his knowledge often irritated his superiors, leading to his relegation to the back quarters of the kitchen house.

(h) How did Private Quelch manage to anger the corporal?

Ans. He interrupted Corporal Turnbull during a grenade lesson and explained it in detail, making the Corporal feel insulted.

(i) Do you think Private Quelch learnt a lesson when he was chosen for cookhouse duties? Give a reason for your answer.

Ans:  No, Quelch was quite conceited and indifferent to others’ opinions.. Even in the cookhouse, he gave lectures about peeling potatoes. He never changed his habit.

(j) Elaborate on any one character trait of Corporal Turnbull with evidence from the text.

Ans. Corporal Turnbull is portrayed as a tough and disciplined leader, respected for his military experience despite his youth. His background, including experiences from Dunkirk, highlights his ability to handle challenging situations. He values organisation and practicality, even carrying a kitten in his pocket. Turnbull remains calm but can assert authority when needed, as seen in his interactions with Quelch. This balance of toughness and understanding earns him the respect of his squad.

(k) Infer the reason that left the squad horrified when Turnbull asked Quelch to deliver the lesson.

Ans. The squad was shocked by Private Quelch’s boldness in taking over the class from their respected instructor, who was a well-liked war veteran from Dunkirk. The other recruits found it highly disrespectful to challenge him, particularly as he was their teacher and they were still newcomers in the group. This bold act not only undermined the authority of their instructor but also created an uncomfortable atmosphere among the recruits, who were taken aback by Quelch’s unabashed behaviour.

Q4. Answer in detail 

(a) Quelch’s character teaches us that with hard work, one also needs to have social and emotional intelligence. Justify.

Ans.  Private Quelch was a new soldier who wanted to impress his instructors with his military knowledge. However, he often boasted and pointed out their mistakes, which annoyed the experienced veterans from battles like Dunkirk. This disrespectful behaviour led others to avoid him, showcasing his lack of social skills and emotional intelligence. His eagerness to demonstrate knowledge did not translate into respect from his peers, highlighting the importance of balancing hard work with interpersonal awareness.
(b) Seeking and sharing knowledge about things is perceived as a quality and not a trait that needs to be curbed. Analyse why the Professor’s knowledge made this quality turn sour.
Ans. Private Quelch’s habit of correcting his instructors’ minor mistakes about military equipment was unpopular. Recruits preferred to learn without interruptions, but when Quelch pointed out errors and repeated the information correctly, it embarrassed the instructors and caused others to avoid him. His actions displayed a lack of respect and tact toward instructors who had earned the trust and respect of the recruits.

(c) Private Quelch knew ‘too much’. Give reasons to prove that he was unable to win the admiration of his superior officers or his colleagues.

Ans. Private Quelch didn’t earn the respect of his superiors for several reasons:

(i) He boasted about his knowledge without realising he was hurting others’ feelings.
(ii) He showed off to make others feel bad, using his good behaviour to embarrass them.
(iii) He tried to be better than his colleagues, and jokes or criticism didn’t bother him.
(iv) He didn’t respect his superiors and took their roles without saying sorry.
(v) He kept criticising things, even in the kitchen and didn’t change his ways.

 Q5. Write down the positive and negative traits of Private Quelch’s character and instances from the story.

Ans.
Positive traits: Instances from the story
(i) Hardworking- He sat up reading books till late at night.
(ii) Confident – He had the guts to interrupt his instructors, like the sergeant and even Corporal Turnbull.
(iii) Sharp memory – He could remember technical definitions and other information very precisely.
(iv) Tireless – He could think of a song, even after 30 miles of the walk.

Negative traits: Instances from the story
(i) Stern-looking – He often appeared stern and unfriendly due to his frowning and serious expression. 
(ii) Show-off – He was very condescending to his teammates. He would pretend to help and show off in the bargain.
(iii) Rude –  He rudely interrupted his instructors and pretended to have superior knowledge to them.
(iv) Overbearing – Quelch’s worst flaw was his tendency to overshadow others. He needlessly tried to show his knowledge and belittle and humiliate others.

Q6. You are the ‘Professor’. Write a diary entry after your first day in the cookhouse. Describe the events that led to this assignment. Also, express your thoughts and feelings about the events of the day in about 150 words.

Army Training Depot, Liverpool. July 20, 1948
Dear Diary,
Today was my first day in the cookhouse. I felt very disappointed because I wanted to do outdoor training, not peel potatoes. Corporal Turnbull gave me this duty after I corrected him during class. My friends laughed at me, and that hurt.
In the kitchen, the soldiers were peeling potatoes carelessly. I tried to explain that they were wasting vitamins, but no one listened. I wanted to help, but instead they just mocked me. I still believe I was right, yet it seems nobody values my knowledge here.
It was a hard day, and I feel upset. Still, I will keep reading and preparing. One day, I will surely get a commission.
Yours,
Quelch

Q1. Based on your reading of the story answer the following questions by choosing the correct option.

(a) With reference to Hooper, the author says, “Everything was going for him.” What does it imply?
(i) He had everything that a man aspires for.
(ii) People admired him.
(iii) He did what he wanted.
(iv) He was capable of playing games.

Ans: (i) He had everything that a man aspires for.

(b) Duke never jumped on Chuck again because _____________
(i) Duke was paralysed and unable to jump.
(ii) Chuck was angry with Duke for jumping at him.
(iii) Duke realised that Chuck was not well and could not balance himself.
(iv) Marcy did not allow Duke to come near Chuck.

Ans: (iii) Duke realised that Chuck was not well and could not balance himself.

(c) The author says that Duke ‘knew his job’. The job was _____________
(i) to look after Chuck.
(ii) to get Chuck on his feet.
(iii) to humour Chuck.
(iv) to guard the house.

Ans: (ii) to get Chuck on his feet.

(d) “_______ even Duke’s presence didn’t reach Chuck”. Why?

(i) Duke was locked in his kennel, and Chuck couldn’t see him.
(ii) Duke hid himself behind the bedpost.
(iii) Duke had come to know that Hooper was not well.
(iv) Hooper was lost in his own grief and pain.

Ans: (iv) Hooper was lost in his own grief and pain.

Q2. Answer the following questions briefly.

(a) In 1953, Hooper was a favoured young man. Explain.
Ans: Hooper was fortunate in every way. He was healthy, tall, happy and satisfied with life. Professionally, he was in the top slot, working as Zonal Sales Manager of a chemical company.

(b) They said that they would create a desk-job for Hooper at headquarters.

(i) Who are they?
Ans: ‘They’ refers to the people from Hooper’s chemical company who paid a visit to the hospital.

(ii) Why did they decide to do this?
Ans: Hooper remained on the critical list for a month. His condition showed no improvement; he was unable to move and could only breathe and see. So out of sympathy, the company people made this offer.

(c) What special qualities made Duke an extraordinary dog?
Ans: Duke was not only faithful and loyal, but he was also gifted with extraordinary intuition, foresight, and a deep understanding of human behaviour. He knew exactly how he could accomplish the impossible task of making Chuck walk.

(d) What problems did Chuck present when he returned to the company headquarters?
Ans: Hooper was not totally fit and yet wanted to join his work. The company people did not know how to handle Hooper. Seeing his positive spirit and enthusiasm, nobody in the company had the courage to tell him that he would not be able to handle his old job, which required 24-hour agility and movement. They found him a misfit for his old job.

(e) Why do you think Charles Hooper’s appointment as Assistant National Sales Manager is considered to be a tribute to Duke?
 Ans: The manner in which Duke helped Charles Hooper to get over his handicap proved that objectives can be realized if planned step by step. Dogged determination, ability and perseverance in little measures, one by one, can achieve the impossible. So, the promotion of Charles Hooper was an acknowledgement on the part of the company to recognize the contribution made by Duke.

(f) What thoughts do you think might have crossed Chuck’s mind when Marcy quietly went to work and Chuck was alone with his thoughts?

Ans. When Chuck was alone after Marcy left for work, he probably felt sad and frustrated. He couldn’t move much and couldn’t talk well because of his injury. He might have wondered how he would get better and if things would ever go back to how they were before the accident. He felt reduced to a paralysed, crippled man, forced to lie in bed alone with his thoughts.

(g) ‘Small wins help achieve big goals.’ Support, with evidence from the text, to show how this applies to Chuck.

Ans. Chuck’s journey shows that taking small steps every day can lead to big achievements:

• Starting to Walk: At first, Chuck could barely stand up without falling. But with Duke’s help, he took a few steps each day, slowly getting stronger.
• Daily Progress: Chuck and Duke set small goals, like walking to a new spot each day. They celebrated each little success, which kept Chuck motivated.
• Reaching Big Milestones: Over time, Chuck could walk longer distances. Eventually, he even walked to his office again, which seemed impossible at first.

These small victories helped Chuck recover and achieve his goal of returning to work, showing that small steps can lead to big changes.

Q3. Following dates were important in Charles Hooper’s life in some way. Complete the table by relating the description with the correct dates.

Ans:

Q4.  Read the diary entry written by Charles Hooper on the day he received the order, “……Charles Hooper is appointed Assistant National Sales Manager.”

March 1, 19….Thursday              

The last four years have been rather eventful. The day I brought Duke home…. (Marcy was almost impolite to him because she would have preferred a Pomeranian to a Doberman) …. to a stage on October 12, 1957 (when she would not allow anyone else to carry the injured Duke to the vet)… much water flowed under the bridge. 

From being a very fit, high-charging Zone Sales Manager, I was reduced to a paralysed cripple forced to lie on a bed alone with my thoughts due to a small error by a car driver. Despair had led me on to helplessness… Was I to be a vegetable for the rest of my life? I never wanted to be a burden on Marcy.

 Duke’s re-entry into my life lifted my numbed spirits. The day he made me take my first step, there was a rekindling of hope. Duke assumed all the responsibility to lead me back to my office desk … Life had taken a full circle. From shock to denial and helplessness to anger, Duke taught me to cope with the challenges and led me to accept the changed mode of my life. Today, I am happy to be living as well as working successfully. 

The order that I have just received is my tribute to Duke, who would always be alive with me and be a part of everything else I achieve in my life. 

When a person loses something, he is shocked and gets into a state of denial leading to anger. In such a situation coping well leads to acceptance and a changed way of living in view of the loss. Using Hoopers’s diary entry as a cue, write your views in the form of an article on ‘Coping with Loss’ in about 150 words. 

Ans. 

Gain and loss are two sides of life’s coin. Everyone faces loss at some point. A person’s true courage and strength are tested when they experience loss. Strong and brave people accept loss with resilience. They believe in enduring what cannot be changed. In contrast, weaker individuals struggle with loss. They lose their composure and react with shock, denial, and anger. This leads them to withdraw from life and feel disconnected.

In the story “A Dog Named Duke,” Hooper was once dynamic and successful until a tragic accident left him paralyzed and bedridden. Initially, despair overwhelmed him, but the Duke’s presence lifted his spirits. Hooper decided to face his loss and adapt to his new reality. With Duke’s support, he took small steps towards recovery and accepted a desk job. Determined to move forward, Hooper set a goal to work a full day again by March 1. His perseverance paid off, and he was eventually promoted to Assistant National Sales Manager.

Hooper’s journey illustrates that accepting and coping with loss can lead to personal growth and a new way of living.

Textbook Questions (Solved)

Ques 1. Now that you have enjoyed reading the story, answer the following questions by choosing the correct option.

(a) The grandmother could relate to the central character of the story ‘Kashi Yatre’ as ________.
(i) both were old and uneducated.
(ii) both had granddaughters who read to them.
(iii) both had a strong desire to visit Kashi.
(iv) both were determined to learn to read.
Ans: (iii) both had a strong desire to visit Kashi.
The correct answer is (iii) because both the grandmother and the character shared a deep longing to visit Kashi, which is central to the story’s theme. The other options do not accurately reflect their shared experiences.

(b) Why did the women at the temple discuss the latest episode of ‘Kashi Yatre’?
(i) To pass their time.
(ii) The writer, Triveni, was very popular
(iii) They could relate with the protagonist of the serial.
(iv) Women have a habit of discussing serials.
Ans: (iii) They could relate with the protagonist of the serial.
The correct answer is (iii) as the women found a connection with the protagonist’s experiences, prompting their discussions. While popularity and habits are factors, the emotional connection is key.

(c) The granddaughter found her grandmother in tears on her return as _________.
(i) the grandmother had been unable to read the story ‘Kashi Yatre’ on her own.
(ii) the grandmother had felt lonely.
(iii) the grandmother wanted to accompany her granddaughter.
(iv) she was sad she could not visit Kashi.
Ans: (i) the grandmother had been unable to read the story ‘Kashi Yatre’ on her own.
The correct answer is (i) because the grandmother’s tears stemmed from her frustration at not being able to read the story herself, highlighting her desire for independence and knowledge.

(d) Why did the grandmother touch her granddaughter’s feet?
(i) As a mark of respect to her teacher.
(ii) It was a custom in their family.
(iii) Girls should be respected.
(iv) She had read the story of ‘Kashi Yatre’ to her.
Ans: (i) As a mark of respect to her teacher.
The correct answer is (i) because the grandmother viewed her granddaughter as her teacher for helping her learn to read, thus honoring her with this gesture of respect.

(e). “Childishly I made fun of the old lady. But she just smiled.” The smile of the grandmother explains that she understood that her granddaughter 
(i) was determined to teach her.
(ii) might be too immature to understand her pain.
(iii) would ridicule her later.
(iv) could be contemplating. 
Ans. (ii) might be too immature to understand her pain.
The grandmother’s smile indicates that she understood her granddaughter’s immaturity in grasping the depth of her feelings. This suggests that:

• She recognised her granddaughter’s youthfulness.
• She was aware that her granddaughter might not fully comprehend her pain.

(f). “Those days, the transport system was not very good, so we used to get the morning papers only in the afternoon.” What can you infer from this?
(i) The transport system, especially the bus service, was running at loss.
(ii) The transport system, especially the bus service, was not fully functional in rural areas.
(iii) The transport system, had stopped services in villages.
(iv) The transport system failed to introduce the bus service in rural areas.
Ans. (ii) The transport system, especially the bus service, was not fully functional in rural areas.
The transport system was inadequate, particularly in rural areas, which led to delays in receiving the morning papers.

• The morning papers arrived only in the afternoon.
• Weekly magazines were often a day late.
• People eagerly awaited the bus that brought these items.

Answer the questions based on the extracts by selecting the correct options.

(I)  

Many times, I rubbed my hands over the pages wishing to understand what was written. But I knew it was not possible. If only I was educated enough …. I waited eagerly for you to return. I felt you would come early and read for me. I could have asked somebody in this village but I was too embarrassed to do so. I felt so very dependent and helpless. We are well-off, but what use is money when I cannot be independent?

i. What made the grandmother feel inadequate?
a. She was unable to read the story.
b. She was unable to stay attentive.
c. She was unable to buy the magazine.
d. She was unable to understand the story.
Ans. a. She was unable to read the story.
The grandmother felt inadequate because:

• She was unable to read the story.
• This made her feel dependent and helpless.
• She longed for independence through education.

ii. Select the relevant option that best supports the context of the given extract:
1. Grandmother was elated to get the magazine
2. Grandmother was embarrassed to ask for help
3. Grandmother eagerly waited for her granddaughter’s arrival
4. Grandmother loved gazing at the pictures from the story
a. only 1 and 2 
b. only 2 and 3
c. only 3 and 4 
d. only 1 and 4
Ans. b. only 2 and 3
Two sentences that indicate the grandmother’s desperation to know what happened in the story:

• “I rubbed my hands over the pages wishing they could understand what was written.”
• “I felt so very dependent and helpless.”

iii. Select the option that tracks the progression of emotions experienced by the grandmother in the given extract.
a. reassured – inquisitive – thankful – uncertain
b. surprised – grateful – perplexed – excited
c. yearning – uncertain – dejected – helpless
d. perplexed – uncertain – panic-stricken – appreciative
Ans. c. yearning – uncertain – dejected – helpless
The correct answer is c) yearning – uncertain – dejected – helpless because it accurately reflects the grandmother’s emotional journey from a desire to read to feelings of helplessness due to her illiteracy. The other options do not capture this specific emotional arc.

(II) 

She said, “I am touching the feet of a teacher, not my granddaughter; a teacher who taught me so well, with so much of affection that I can read any novel confidently in such a short period. Now I am independent. It is my duty to respect a teacher. Is it not written in our scriptures that a teacher should be respected, irrespective of the gender and age”? I did return namaskara to her by touching her feet and gave my gift to my first student. She opened it and read the title Kashi Yatre by Triveni and the publisher’s name immediately. I knew, then, that my student had passed with flying colours.

1. Choose the option that lists the most likely response to “…. I am touching the feet of a teacher”.
a. feel shy
b. get anxious
c. feel overwhelmed
d. get upset
Ans. a. feel shy
The act of touching a teacher’s feet is a sign of respect, which can evoke feelings of shyness in the person receiving the gesture. The other options do not align with the context of respect.

2. “A teacher should be respected irrespective of gender and age.” Select the quote that suggests a reason for this sentiment.
a. Educating the mind without educating the heart is no education.
b. A teacher aims to give equal attention to all the students.
c. A teacher elevates the mind and gives energy to the character.
d. Teaching is a profession that teaches all other professions.
Ans. d. Teaching is a profession that teaches all other professions.
This quote reflects the importance of education and respect for teachers, highlighting that the value of a teacher transcends gender and age. The other options do not directly address this sentiment.

3. Select the sentence that best brings out the meaning of ‘confidently’ as used in the extract.
a. Some of the information was confidently misleading.
b. The report asserts confidently that the world economy will boost from the market collapse.
c. The present memoir is confidently a tribute to his ability and character.
d. The pandemic has confidently brought down the market.
Ans. b. The report asserts confidently that the world economy will boost from the market collapse.
The correct answer is b as it illustrates the use of ‘confidently’ to indicate a strong assertion about the future of the economy, contrasting with the uncertainty implied in the other options.

4. Which of the given option stands closest in meaning to “flying colours”?
a. risky
b. courageous
c. profitable
d. successful
Ans. d. successful
The correct answer is d as ‘flying colours’ is an idiom that signifies achieving success or excellence, making it the most plausible choice among the options.

Ques 2. Answer the following Questions briefly.

(a) Why did the grandmother depend on her granddaughter to know the story?
Ans: The grandmother was not literate and had no knowledge of Kannada alphabet. Every Wednesday, the granddaughter would read the next episode of grandmother’s favourite story ‘Kashi Yatre’ and the grandmother would try to memorize it.

(b) Pick out two sentences which state that the grandmother was desperate to know what happened in the story.
Ans: Sentences indicating the grandmother’s desperation to know the story:

• I saw the picture that accompanies the story of Kashi Yatre and couldn’t understand anything that was written.
• I rubbed my hands over the pages, wishing they could understand what was written.

(c) Could the grandmother succeed in accomplishing her desire to read? How?
Ans: Yes, the grandmother succeeded in her desire to read through her strong commitment and hard work. Here’s how she achieved her goal:

• She showed dedication by deciding to learn the Kannada alphabet.
• Her diligence was evident as she practiced consistently.
• She set a clear deadline for herself, aiming to read a novel by the Dussehra festival.
• Her determination allowed her to recite, write, and read the alphabet fluently.

(d) Which of the following traits would be relevant to the character of the narrator’s grandmother?
 (i) determined (ii) selfish (iii) emotional (iv) mean
Ans: Determined and Emotional–

• Determined: The grandmother demonstrated her determination by learning with the same enthusiasm as a young student, proving that age does not limit one’s ability to learn.
• Emotional: She showed deep emotion through her connection to the main character’s struggles and her own feelings of sadness about not being able to read.

Give reasons for your choice

(e) Good fiction’s job is to comfort the disturbed and disturb the comfortable.” How does this apply to the grandmother after she had finished reading Kashi Yatre? Explain with a reason. 

Ans. The quote “Good fiction’s job is to comfort the disturbed and disturb the comfortable” can be applied to the grandmother, Krishtakka, after she finished reading “Kashi Yatre” in the following ways:

1. Comfort the Disturbed: Before reading the novel, Krishtakka was disturbed by her inability to read and the sense of dependence and helplessness it brought. The novel provided her with a form of solace and inspiration. It immersed her in a world of storytelling that distracted her from her daily chores and made her forget her own challenges momentarily. It comforted her by giving her something to look forward to each week, with her granddaughter reading the story to her.
2. Disturb the Comfortable: On the other hand, “Kashi Yatre” disturbed Krishtakka’s comfortable acceptance of her illiteracy. It stirred within her a desire for change and personal growth. The protagonist’s journey in the novel, particularly the sacrifices made for the happiness of others, challenged Krishtakka’s perception of her own limitations. It made her uncomfortable with her status quo and motivated her to take action to learn to read, despite her age and previous beliefs about education.

In essence, “Kashi Yatre” both comforted Krishtakka by providing her with a source of joy and distraction, and disturbed her comfortable acceptance of her illiteracy by inspiring her to strive for education and independence. It exemplifies how fiction can simultaneously provide solace and provoke change, catering to both the disturbed and the comfortable aspects of one’s life.

(f) ‘Kashi Yatre,’ was the catalyst in the transformation of the grandmother. Support with an example.

The novel “Kashi Yatre” played a significant role in transforming the grandmother, Krishtakka. Before reading the novel, she was illiterate and felt a sense of dependence and helplessness due to her inability to read. However, her fascination with the story and her determination to understand it led her to make a profound decision: to learn to read despite her age and circumstances. This transformation is evident when she declares her intention to learn the Kannada alphabet and sets a goal for herself to achieve independence through literacy. Her determination and subsequent learning under her granddaughter’s guidance show how deeply the novel inspired her to change her life.

(g) What message does the story, “How I Taught My Grandmother” hold for the present generation and the elders?

The story carries several important messages for both the present generation and elders:

1. Value of Education: It emphasizes that education is empowering at any age. Krishtakka’s decision to learn to read late in life underscores the lifelong benefits of education.
2. Respect for Elders: It highlights the importance of respecting elders not just for their age but also for their wisdom and willingness to learn.
3. Inter-generational Relationships: It showcases the bond between the granddaughter and grandmother, demonstrating how mutual respect and support can lead to personal growth and transformation.
4. Overcoming Challenges: It encourages perseverance in the face of challenges. Despite initial doubts and obstacles, Krishtakka’s determination to learn shows that one can overcome any barrier with dedication.
5. Inspiration and Role Models: It suggests that elders can be a source of inspiration and role models for younger generations, challenging stereotypes about age and capability.

(h) Grandmother comes across a post online: ‘Don’t let age be a concern. Live your dream!’ As grandmother, write a short paragraph expressing your heartfelt emotion on your achievement.

Dear friends,

Today, as I reflect on my journey of learning to read at the age of sixty-two, I am overwhelmed with emotion. For so long, I believed that age was a barrier to my dreams, especially when it came to education. However, the support and encouragement from my dear granddaughter and the inspiration I drew from the novel “Kashi Yatre” changed everything. Learning to read has not only brought me independence but has also filled my heart with joy and accomplishment. I have realized that it’s never too late to pursue your dreams and that determination can overcome any obstacle. To anyone who feels hesitant because of their age, I say this: embrace your dreams, pursue them with passion, and never underestimate your own potential. Thank you all for believing in me and for celebrating this milestone in my life.

With gratitude, Krishtakka

Ques 3. Here are some direct Quotations from the story.
 Identify the speaker and write what each Quotation suggests about the speaker. You can use the adjectives given in the box and may also add your own.

Speaker

Quotation

Quality Highlighted

a

‘Awa, is everything all right? Are you O.K.?’

b

‘At times, I used to regret not going to school, so I made sure that my children and grandchildren studied well.’

c

‘Awa, don’t cry. What is the matter? Can I help you in anyway?’

d

‘We are well-off, but what is use of money when I cannot be independent.’

e

‘I will keep Saraswati Pooja day dining Dussehra as the deadline.’

f

‘For a good cause if you are determined you can overcome any obstacle.’

g

‘I am touching the feet of a teacher, not my granddaughter.’

Ans: (a) Speaker : The Narrator
Quality Highlighted : Sympathetic; tender; concerned

(b) Speaker : The Grandmother
Quality Highlighted : Wise; helplessness; sense of sacrifice

(c) Speaker : The Narrator
Quality Highlighted : Helpful; concerned; sympathetic; amiable

(d) Speaker : The Grandmother
Quality Highlighted : Wise; prudent; understanding

(e) Speaker : The Grandmother
Quality Highlighted : Determined; systematic, focused

(f) Speaker : The Grandmother
Quality Highlighted : Determined, enthusiastic; diligent

(g) Speaker : The Grandmother
Quality Highlighted : Humble; traditional; religious

Writing Task

Q4. Imagine you are the grandmother. How would you feel if your granddaughter gave you the novel ‘Kashi Yatre’? Write your feelings in your diary. 

Dear Diary,

Today was a wonderful day because my granddaughter gave me a special gift: the book “Kashi Yatre.” It’s a story that I used to listen to eagerly when she read it to me week by week. Now, having the whole book in my hands feels like a dream come true.

I feel so grateful and touched by her kindness. This book means a lot to me because it’s not just a story; it’s about courage and determination. The main character’s journey reminds me of my own dreams and hopes.

My granddaughter’s gift shows me that she believes in me and my ability to learn new things, even at my age. It’s a reminder that it’s never too late to start something new and follow your dreams.

I’m filled with happiness and excitement as I think about reading this book on my own. It’s a new chapter in my life, and I can’t wait to see where it takes me.

With love, 

Krishtakka

Q5: While the country has made significant progress in improving adult literacy over the years, it continues to be home to 313 million illiterate people; 59 percent of them are women. The story ‘How I Taught My Grandmother to Read’ showcases a young girl helping her unlettered grandmother grow self-sufficient. The story is also a subtle eye-opener for the youth that if they realise their moral obligation, they can take the country to greater heights. 

The story ‘How I Taught My Grandmother to Read’ beautifully illustrates the transformative power of education and the impact of intergenerational learning. In a country where 313 million people still struggle with illiteracy, with a majority being women, this narrative becomes particularly poignant.

The protagonist, a young girl, takes on the role of a teacher for her grandmother, who had never had the opportunity to learn to read. Through patience, dedication, and love, she helps her grandmother overcome barriers and achieve literacy. This act not only enriches her grandmother’s life but also empowers her with newfound independence and confidence.

Moreover, the story serves as a gentle reminder to the youth of their moral responsibility towards societal progress. By recognizing the importance of education and taking proactive steps to uplift those around them, they can contribute significantly to the country’s development. Each person has the potential to make a difference, as shown by the granddaughter in the story who, through her simple act of teaching, helps her grandmother grow self-sufficient.

In essence, ‘How I Taught My Grandmother to Read’ underscores the transformative impact of education on individuals and society at large. It encourages readers, especially the youth, to embrace their role in creating a more literate and empowered nation where everyone has the opportunity to thrive.

Read the following extracts and answer the questions given thereafter.

Q1. You are incorrigible. You will sell your candlesticks next. [CBSE 2011 (Term III)]

(a) Who speaks these words and to whom?

Ans. These words have been spoken by Bishop’s sister to Bishop.

(b) Why does the speaker consider the person incorrigible?

Ans. She considers him incorrigible because he had sold off his estate, furniture, and other valuables to help the poor and needy.

(c) What is special about the candlesticks?

Ans. Candlesticks were very special because they were a gift from his dying mother, whom he loved a lot.

Q2. Sold! Sold! Are you mad? Who sold them? Why were they sold? [CBSE 2011 (Term II)]

(a) Who is the speaker and who is he/she talking to?

Ans. The speaker is Bishop’s sister, Persome. She is talking to the Bishop.

(b) What has been sold?

Ans. The salt cellers, made of silver, have been sold.

(c) Who has sold them and why?

Ans. Bishop has sold the salt cellers to help an ailing lady by paying the rent of her house.

Q3. Tell you about it? Look here, I was a man once. I’m a beast now, and they made me what I am. They chained me up like a wild animal. [CBSE 2011 (Term II)]

(a) Who speaks these lines and to whom?

Ans. These lines have been spoken by the convict to the Bishop.

(b) Who made him a beast? How?

Ans. The police in the prison made him a beast by beating him and keeping him in unhealthy conditions.

(c) Which figure of speech has been used in the last line of the above extract?

Ans. The figure of speech used here is ‘similie’.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Q1. The convict says, “I am too old a bird to be caught with a chaff”. What does he mean by this remark?

Ans. He speaks this line when the Bishop wishes to go out to bring the keys of the cupboard to get him food. The convict is a hard-core criminal, and so he thinks that the
Bishop would go out and raise an alarm to get the police to arrest him. The convict has spent ten years in jail and is well aware of all the tricks and excuses that people make
to trap others. That is why he doesn’t believe the Bishop when he tries to go out to bring the cupboard keys.

Q2. Who was Jeanette? What was the cause of her death?

Ans. Jeanette was the wife of the convict. It was ten years back that a tragedy took place in his life. It was a bad year and he could not get any work. Jeanette was ill and there was no food in the house. So the convict stole to buy her food. But he was caught and given ten years imprisonment. The night he was sentenced, she died. It was the convict’s poverty that had led to her death.

Q3. “…..now I’m a number 15729 ——— I’ve lived in hell for ten years.” What was the background of this remark made by the convict?

Ans. By saying that he is not a man now but number 15729, the convict reveals the tragic life he had in the prison for the last ten years. The prison was like a hell where he was chained up like a wild animal and lashed like a hound. He was fed on filth, covered with vermin, slept on boards, and if he complained, he was lashed again. This torture had taken away his soul-changing him into a beast, so much so that he himself forgot that he was a human being and just remembered himself by the number given to him in the prison, i.e., 15729

Q4. The Bishop was God’s representative on earth in every sense of the term. Explain. [CBSE 2010 (Term II)]

OR

Why was Bishop loved and revered by everyone in the Parish? [CBSE 2010 (Term II)]

Ans. The Bishop is God’s representative on the earth as he has love, compassion, forgiveness, etc. for others to such an extent as is not possible for any normal human being. He feels deeply pained at others’ problems and irrespective of any inconvenience he may have to face, he goes ahead to bring relief to the person concerned. Serving humanity is the only concern in his life with no consideration to the status, material benefits, etc. No doubt he is loved by everyone in the parish.

Q5. “There is so much suffering in the world and I can do so little.” Bring out the character of the Bishop in the light of this statement, giving examples from the text. [CBSE 2010 (Term II)]

Ans. The Bishop is an extremely compassionate person. His heart pains to see so much suffering in the world. He wants to do everything possible to help such people, and feels bad at how little he is able to do for them. He sells his silver salt-cellars to help Mere Gringoire who is bedridden. He gives his muffler to Marie, the maid, so that she can keep herself warm. The love and affection, and forgiveness that he shows to the convict reforms him completely. He even sacrifices his most precious candlesticks to help the convict settle in his life.

Q6. Why is the Bishop in the habit of leaving his doors and windows unshuttered?

Ans. The Bishop has dedicated his entire life to charity and benevolence. He is always prepared to welcome any needy and deprived person. He is a true Christian and wishes to extend all kinds of help to the ailing and the sick. To remain accessible to all, he does not lock his doors or close any windows. Moreover, he is not afraid of any evil or crime and has immense faith in God.

QQ7. Who is Mere Gringoire? What help does she receive from the Bishop?

Ans. Mere Gringoire is an old sick woman, who has been bedridden for a long time. She lives at the top of the hill and she has not been able to pay her rent. The Bailiff has threatened to throw her out of the house, unless she pays the rent. The Bishop sells the silver salt-cellars to Monseigneur Gervais, who had often admired them so that he could get the money to pay the rent for Mere Gringoire.

Q8. Why does Persome feel that the people pretend to be sick?

Ans. Persome feels that the people take undue advantage of the Bishop’s generosity and exploit his goodness and charitable nature. She shouts at Marie, when she learns that the Bishop has gone to see her ailing mother in the extreme cold. She is also disgusted at Mere Gringoire who is bedridden. Persome believes that her brother is a simpleton who cannot see through the people who feign to be sick.

Q9. Why was Bishop attached to the candlesticks and what did he do with them in the end. [CBSE 2010 (Term II)]

Ans : The silver candlesticks were a prized possession for both the Bishop and his sister. The candlesticks were a parting gift from the Bishop’s mother, when she was on her
deathbed. The Bishop could never think of parting with this memento in his lifetime. In fact, the candlesticks were the only thing he was emotionally attached to. He assures Persome that he would always take care of them despite all odds. But in the end, he gave the candlesticks to a convict to restart an honourable life.