EVS for class 3 The World around US ( Our Wondrous World ) Chapter Notes

Chapter notes

IntroductionWhere do you throw the paper cuttings? In which dustbin do you throw the candy wrapper? In our daily lives, we make a lot of waste by various activities. This includes toffee wrappers, bottles, paper, peels of vegetable and fruit, and pencil shavings. Managing waste is important for maintaining a clean environment. The chapter explains how we create waste, the importance of managing waste, and ways to reduce, reuse, and recycle waste.ExplanationHow is Waste Created?

We make waste by our everyday activities, which can seen in garbage piles around homes and schools. Disposing of waste properly is important to prevent these garbage piles. Examples of waste are:

• Paper Waste: Used notebooks, and paper scraps.
• Stationery Waste: Empty pens and broken pencils.
• Food Waste: Leftover lunch and snack wrappers.

Managing Waste

• Effective waste management is the responsibility of each individual.
• Managing waste is important for maintaining a clean and healthy environment.
• Everyone has a role in managing waste, we can learn from different communities to manage the waste well.

Try yourself:What is one example of waste created at school ?A.Food WasteB.Stationery WasteC.LitteringD.Old StuffView Solution

Ways To Manage Waste Reduce

• Minimize the use of packaging and use reusable items like cloth bags instead of plastic bags.
• Buy only what is necessary and use items until they are no longer usable.

Reuse

• Find new uses for old items, such as making quilts from old sarees, bags from old clothes, and using old newspapers for wrapping.
• Reusing items creatively helps conserve resources and reduces waste.

Recycle

•  Separate waste into different categories for recycling. 
•  Use green dustbins for organic waste that can be used to make compost. 
•  Use blue dustbins for materials like metal, glass, plastic, and paper that can be recycled into new products. 

Impact Of Improper Waste Management

• Pollution: Waste can make our surroundings dirty and harm animals.
• Health Risks: Piles of waste can attract bugs and cause sickness.
• Resource Waste: Throwing away things that could be reused or recycled.

A Place of Pride

• Villages like Silluk in Arunachal Pradesh and Chhota Narena are managing waste well and are models for waste management.
• Silluk has no trash lying on roadsides or in open spaces and the village has received the title of  ‘zero waste village.’
• Cities like Indore and Mysuru are recognized for their cleanliness and waste management..

Swachh Bharat Mission

The Swachh Bharat Mission is  promoting cleanliness and effective waste management. It encourages people take responsibility for their waste and clean their surroundings.

Separate Different Types Of WasteSeparating waste means putting different types of trash into different bins. Here’s how to do it:

Two Bins

• Green Bin: For food and plants.
• Blue Bin: For plastics, glass, metal, and paper.

Green Bin

• What Goes In: Fruit peels, veggie scraps, leaves, and eggshells.
• Why: This waste rots and becomes compost, which helps plants grow.

Blue Bin

• What Goes In: Plastic bottles, glass jars, metal cans, and paper.
• Why: These items can be recycled and turned into new things.

Why Separate ? 

• Keeps Earth Clean: Less trash in landfills and oceans.
• Saves Resources: Recycling uses less energy than making new stuff.
• Healthier Environment: Reduces pollution and keeps our surroundings tidy.

By separating waste, we help keep our planet clean and healthy!

Try yourself:What is the primary benefit of separating waste into different categories for recycling?

• A.Reduces pollution and keeps surroundings tidy.
• B.Saves resources by using less energy for recycling.
• C.Helps plants grow by creating compost from food waste.
• D.Prevents health risks by attracting fewer bugs.

View Solution

Keeping Our Surroundings Clean

• On National Cleanliness Day (January 30th), pledge to keep yourself and your surroundings clean.
• Try not to create too much waste, manage your waste and dispose off waste properly to build a cleaner and greener world.
• Our aim should be Want not, Waste not.

Try yourself:What is one way to practice waste management and reduce waste?

• A.Regularly wash hands
• B.Use designated bins for proper disposal
• C.Wear clean clothes
• D.Join community clean-up drives

View SolutionPoints To Remember

• Waste is created from everyday activities like using packaged products and throwing away old items.
• Managing waste is important to keep our surroundings clean and healthy.
• Reducing waste is the first step—use fewer plastic items and more eco-friendly options like cloth bags.
• Reuse items whenever possible, like making crafts from old newspapers and refilling bottles.
• Green dustbins are for organic waste like fruit peels and vegetable scraps.
• Blue dustbins are for recyclable materials like metal, glass, plastic, and paper.
• Composting is a way to turn organic waste into food for plants.
• Recycling helps make new products from old materials, reducing the need for new resources.

Difficult Words

• Waste – Unwanted or unused material.
• Compost – Organic material used to enrich soil.
• Recycle – To make new things from old materials.
• Eco-friendly – Something that is good for the environment.
• Organic – Natural material from plants or animals.
• Sanitation – Cleanliness and hygiene, especially related to waste.
• Compost – Food for plants made from rotting organic waste.

Introduction

Do you ever wonder how pots, piggy banks, and bricks are made? In this chapter, we’ll learn about pottery and who makes these pots.
Explanation A Potter’s Family

• In the seaside town, Mini watched her Appooppan (grandfather) making a pot. He added water and mixed the clay well.
• He made sure that the clay was not too watery or too dry.
• Finally, he placed the clay on a stone wheel and shaped it by spinning.
• Once the pots dried, Ammu (mother) moved them into a large oven known as a kiln.
• This fire baked the pot, making it ready for use.

In what ways do you help your parents and grandparents?

• Mini helped her grandfather make patterns on the pots and colour them.
• Her favourite clay item was her piggy bank,  she loved to create beautiful patterns.
• She then used it to save money.

Do you know that many artists who paint on pots find inspiration from nature?

The Process Of Pottery

• Clay Preparation: We learn how clay is prepared by adding water and kneading to make it thick. Soil mixture should not be too watery or too dry.
• Shaping the Pot: The clay is placed on a stone wheel and shaped by spinning it. This clay is shaped by hand.

• Drying and Firing: Once shaped, the pots are dried and then moved to a kiln, a very hot oven, where they are baked to become hard.

Patterns In Nature

Patterns can be found everywhere in nature. Many artists get ideas from nature. Patterns can be found in plants and animals.

Patterns In Plants

• Plants have patterns in leaves and flowers.

Patterns In Animals

• Animals like peacocks, cats, tigers and fish have patterns on them.

Try yourself:Which of the following is NOT an example of a pattern found in nature?

• A.Stripes on a zebra.
• B.Spots on a leopard.
• C.Solid color on a giraffe.
• D.Stripes on a tiger.

View SolutionPatterns In Indian Pottery

Pottery has beautiful patterns in India. In different parts of India, different patterns are used. These patterns add beauty to the clay items.

Brick By Brick

Bricks are like pots and are made of mud. They are shaped in moulds and baked in a kiln.  Rohan lives in jaipur. Rohan loves to see how bricks are used to build houses. Bricks are used to make houses, schools and hospitals. 

 In some warm areas of the country, Mud houses are made using grass, wood and cow dung.

Safety First

Safety is very important. Rohan’s father follows important safety rules while working. For example, he wears a helmet with a strap, a safety vest and shoes. 

Try yourself:What is the purpose of wearing a helmet with a strap?

• A.To protect the head from potential injuries.
• B.To make the person more visible in low-light conditions.
• C.To provide good grip to prevent slips and falls.
• D.To protect the feet from injuries.

View SolutionPoints To Remember

• Pots are made from clay and shaped on a potter’s wheel.
• A potter’s oven is called a kiln, used for baking pots.
• Bricks are made of mud, shaped in mould, and baked in a kiln.
• Bricks are commonly used for making houses and schools.
• Grass, wood, and cow dung are used for building in some areas.
• Patterns can be found in nature, like leaves, animals, and other objects.
• Following safety rules, like wearing a helmet and shoes, is important while working.

Difficult Words

• Kiln – A large oven used for baking pottery.
• Potter – A person who makes pots and other items from clay.
• Consistency – The thickness or smoothness of a substance.
• Mould – A hollow container used to shape materials like clay.
• Patterns – Repeating designs or shapes.
• Sturdier – Stronger and more stable.
• Mud house – A traditional house made from natural materials like mud, grass, and wood.
• Appooppan – A Malayalam word meaning grandfather.
• Eco-friendly – Something that is good for the environment.
• Cow dung – Waste from cows used in building houses.

Introduction Do you know, what is the shape of a rock? Can you change its shape or see through it? When we look around, we see objects with various properties: some are shiny, while others are dull; some are hard, while others are soft. 

These properties depend on the materials they are made from. Let’s explore the different materials and understand how their properties determine their use in everyday life.

Explanation Let’s Take a Look Around Us!

• Khushi notices her classroom is filled with various objects made of different materials. 
• She wonders where they come from and what they are made of.
• Tables and chairs are made of wood, while door hinges, nails, and latches are made of metals. 
• Metals are extracted from the Earth. 
• Glass is mostly made of sand!

See-through Materials!   

Khushi saw the tree and beautiful flowers. She tried to touch them but her hand touched the glass. She realised that she can see through the glass. She understands that there are two types of objects. i.e

1. See-Through: Objects that let light pass through them, so you can see what’s on the other side.
2. Clear: These objects are clear and don’t block your view.

Types of Materials 

1. Transparent: These materials allow light to pass through them clearly, so you can see through them easily.  Example: Glass windows, Spectacles.

2. Translucent: These materials are those that let some light through but not enough to see through them. Example: Frosted glass, thin plastic.

3. Opaque: These materials do not allow light to pass through, making it impossible to see through them. Example: Wood, Book.

What is it made of? Different things are made of different materials. They also sound different when they are hit by an object.

Does it Bend? Khushi’s table is made of wood. And the table is strong and cannot bend. Bending happens when you push or pull on something, and it bends like a piece of rubber or a paperclip. If it can bend without snapping, it’s flexible.

1. Flexible (Can Bend): These materials can be bent easily without breaking. Example: Fabric, rubber. 

2. Rigid (Cannot Bend): These materials are hard and do not bend easily. Example:  Glass, Wood, metal. 

Try yourself:Which type of material allows light to pass through them clearly, so you can see through them easily?

• A.Transparent
• B.Translucent
• C.Opaque
• D.Rigid

View Solution

In Khushi’s classroom, she looks at different materials, like wood for tables. She wonders if fabric or rubber could be used to make tables, showing the real-world uses of material properties. For example:

• Wood: Hard and rigid.
• Fabric: Soft and flexible.

This flexibility makes fabric better for making clothes and curtains, think what it would be like if clothes were made of wood?

Does it Flow?

Flow tells how liquids, gases, and other things move. It means moving smoothly without stopping. 

1. Solids (Do Not Flow): Solids don’t flow like liquids or gases. They keep their shape and don’t move to fit a container.  Example: Wood, metal.

 2. Liquids (Flow): Liquids can flow easily. When you pour water into a cup, it moves smoothly and takes the shape of the cup. This is because liquids don’t have a fixed shape and can flow to fit their container.  Example: Water, milk.

3. Gases (Flow Freely): Gases flow around us, filling any space it can find. It doesn’t stay in one place like a liquid; instead, it moves freely and can spread out quickly. Example: Air, helium. 

Natural – Artificial

• Natural materials are found in nature without any human involvement.
• They can be living (like plants and animals) or non-living (like rocks, water, and air).
• Examples include wood (from trees) and metals (taken from ores).

• Artificial materials are made by humans, often from natural resources.
• Examples include plastic (from petroleum), fabrics (like nylon and polyester), and metal alloys (like steel and brass).
• Materials like petrol and rubber create non-biodegradable waste.
• These materials are used to create many everyday items.

Try yourself:Which type of material takes the shape of its container and flows?

• A.Solids
• B.Liquids
• C.Gases
• D.Artificial materials

View Solution

Points To Remember

1. Metals come from ores extracted from the Earth. ie. iron, copper, gold, and silver are different materials.
2. Materials can be classified as transparent, opaque, or translucent based on how much light passes through them.
3.  Solid materials hold their shape, liquids flow, and gases spread out to fill their container. 
4. Natural materials exist in nature, while artificial materials are created by humans. 
5. Some materials, like rubber and wax, can be both natural and artificial. 
6.  Understanding the properties of materials helps us know what they can be used for. 

Difficult Words

1. Transparent: A material that you can see through clearly, like glass. 
2. Opaque: A material that you cannot see through, like wood. 
3. Translucent: A material that you can partially see through, like frosted glass. 
4. Materials: The substances used to make things, like wood or plastic. 
5. Alloys: Mixtures of two or more metals, like steel. –
6. Biodegradable: Materials that can break down naturally in the environment. 

IntroductionDo you brush your teeth every morning? And what game you play with your friends? Imagine having energy to play all day long without tiring! Having good health gives us unlimited energy to play. Being healthy means keeping our bodies clean, playing games to stay strong, eating good food, and getting enough sleep. Let’s explore simple ways to stay active and feel great all the time!

ExplanationClean and bright

To stay clean and bright, it’s important to follow some daily habits. Brush your teeth every day to keep them healthy. Taking a shower helps keep your body clean and fresh. Combing your hair keeps it neat. 

Washing your hands with soap removes dirt and keeps you healthy. These simple habits help you stay clean, healthy, and happy every day.

How do we brush our teeth? 

Moyna’s grandfather, Dadu, uses twigs from neem or babool trees to clean his teeth. Every day, he picks a fresh twig from the trees nearby, chews it to make a brush, and uses it to remove food particles stuck between his teeth. This also gives his gums a good massage. 

When Moyna tried it, she found the neem twig too bitter, but the babool twig tasted better. She decided she might start using babool twigs like Dadu! 

 Animals, like monkeys and birds, also clean themselves to stay healthy.

Try yourself:What daily habit helps keep our teeth healthy and clean?

• A.Taking a shower
• B.Washing your hands
• C.Combing your hair
• D.Brushing your teeth

View SolutionPlaying Outdoor and Indoors too

When you run fast to catch your friends in a game, you might notice that you’re breathing faster and deeper, your cheeks turn a little red, and you start to feel warm and sweaty. This happens because exercise makes your heart work harder and better. Exercise is very good for the body and keeps us fit. There are many fun ways to exercise, like playing games, running, and jumping. 

Harpreet’s grandmother, even though she has pain in her knees and can’t move much, still walks around the house a bit and loves to play chess with Harpreet. She believes it’s important to keep both the mind and body active to stay healthy.

Why Exercise is important:

• Strong Body: Helps your muscles and heart.
• Happy Feelings: Makes you feel good and full of energy.

Playing Safely

1. Play in Safe Areas: Always play in safe places like playgrounds, parks, or your backyard. Stay away from busy roads or dark places.
2. Wear Safety Gear: If you’re riding a bike or playing sports, wear a helmet and pads to protect yourself.
3. Drink Water: Remember to drink lots of water, especially if it’s hot outside and you’re playing a lot

Try yourself:What is an example of a balancing exercise mentioned in the passage?

• A.Playing chess
• B.Running
• C.Standing on one foot
• D.Swimming

View Solution

Strangers can sometimes be dangerous because we don’t know them and can’t always tell if they have good or bad intentions

1. Don’t Talk to Strangers: If someone you don’t know talks to you or offers you something, don’t take it. Say “no” and walk away.
2. Never Go with Strangers: Don’t get into a car or go anywhere with someone you don’t know, even if they say they know your parents.
3. Tell an Adult: If a stranger talks to you or you feel unsafe, tell a parent, teacher, or another trusted adult right away.

Following good daily habits helps us stay clean and healthy. By brushing our teeth, washing our hands, and exercising regularly, we keep our bodies and minds happy. Just like animals have their ways of staying clean, we can also use old and new methods to take care of ourselves.

Try yourself:What is an important reason for exercising regularly?

• A.Helps you stay clean and healthy.
• B.Makes you feel good and full of energy.
• C.Increases the risk of injury.
• D.Causes discomfort and pain.

View Solution

Points To Remember

1. Being healthy helps our bodies and minds work well. 
2. Brush your teeth twice a day (morning and night).
3. Take a shower regularly,  Wash your hands with soap.
4. Exercise is Important, it helps our hearts and bodies.
5. Animals, like monkeys and birds, also clean themselves to stay healthy.
6. While Playing always choose safe places to play, such as parks or schoolgrounds.
7. Stay active through fun exercises and games.
8. Ensure safety while playing outside.

Difficult Words

1. Hygiene: Keeping the body neat and clean. 
2. Routine – A regular series of actions or behaviours. 
3. Eco-friendly – Not harmful to the environment. 
4. Particles – Small pieces or bits of something.
5. Massage – The act of rubbing or kneading the body to relieve tension. 
6. Tradition – Customs or beliefs passed down through generations.
7. Vinegar – A sour liquid used in cooking and cleaning.
8. Peels – The outer skin or rind of fruits. 
9. Grooming – The act of cleaning and caring for oneself or others. 
10. Exercise – Physical activity to improve fitness and health.

Do you know that the food we eat becomes a part of our body? And how nutrients help to grow our body. The chapter “Food We Eat”  explains the importance of a balanced diet. It highlights different types of food, their tastes, and how they are prepared in various seasons. 

The story of Shirin, helps us to learn why eating a variety of healthy and homemade food is important for our mind and body. The importance of water is also explained.Explanation
Story of Shirin –  The Runner

Shirin was a fast runner and wanted to improve even more. She met a champion runner who told her that to become stronger and faster, she needed to eat a variety of foods. Shirin started eating different vegetables, fruits, grains, and nuts. She practised hard and soon became even faster and healthier and won a medal for her school.

Different foods are important because they give us the energy and nutrients we need to stay healthy. 

Chhappan bhog

Chhappan bhog is a special meal made during festivals to celebrate with friends and family. It includes 56 varieties of foods that combine six different tastes: sweet (meetha), spicy (teekha), astringent (kasaila), sour (khatta), salty (namkeen), and bitter (karva).

We Eat Different Things

Elders in our family cook different foods during summer and winter.

Try yourself:

Which food group provides vitamins, minerals, and fiber that help keep you healthy and strong?

• A.Grains
• B.Fruits and Vegetables
• C.Proteins
• D.Dairy

View Solution

In different seasons, we eat different kinds of food. For example:

In Summer, the weather is hot, we sweat a lot and when we sweat we lose water from our bodies. That is why we like to eat ice creams and cool drinks like Aam Panna, nimbu pani (lemonade) and tender coconut water. 

In Winter, the weather is cold, and we feel the need to stay warm. To keep ourselves warm, we like to eat warm food such as soups, and stews, and drink hot drinks like tea or hot chocolate. These foods help keep our body warm and give us energy during the cold days.

How often do you drink water?

• Our body needs a lot of water. we cannot live without water.
• That’s why we also say ‘Water is life.’

Have you ever wondered where the food on your plate comes from?

Food comes from various sources including plants and animals. Let’s take a fun journey to discover the origins of our favorite foods! 

Try yourself:Which of the following is an example of a root-based food?A.MangoB.OnionC.AppleD.AlmondsView Solution

Points To Remember

• Eating a variety of food is important for staying healthy.
• A balanced diet includes fruits, vegetables, grains, pulses, and nuts.
• Water is essential for life, especially during hot seasons.
• Different foods are eaten during different seasons.
• Sharing food brings happiness and is a way to show kindness.

Difficult Words

• Balanced Diet – A variety of foods that provide the nutrients needed for good health.
• Nutrients – Substances in food that help our body grow and stay healthy.
• Stew – A dish made by cooking food slowly in liquid.
• Pulses – Edible seeds like beans, lentils, and peas.
• Aam Panna – A refreshing drink made from raw mangoes.
• Soup – A liquid food made by boiling vegetables, meat, or fish.

Eating a variety of foods helps us stay strong and healthy. Just like Shirin, we should try to eat different kinds of foods to get all the nutrients our bodies need. Enjoy the different foods in each season, and remember, a balanced diet is key to a healthy body and mind.

Introduction

Have you ever wondered, if will it rain today or not? Or Where does the rainwater go after it stops raining? The chapter discusses the important role of water in our lives and the ways we can use it responsibly. Water is seen as sacred because it is essential for our survival; we cannot survive more than 3 days without it. We obtain water from various sources and bring it into our homes. The chapter covers the sources of water, such as ponds, lakes, wells, and groundwater, and the importance of conserving it for future generations.What Happened to the Rainwater?

When it rains, a lot of water falls to the ground. This rainwater can either:

• Get absorbed by the soil
• Form puddles
• Flow away into streams, rivers, and lakes

• Some of the water is stored underground between the rocks and the soil. This is the water we get from wells. Rainwater also fills rivers, ponds, and oceans. Water flowing in a stream joins rivers.

Try yourself:

Where does rainwater go after it reaches the ground?

• A.Gets absorbed by the soil
• B.Forms puddles
• C.Flows away into streams, rivers, and lakes
• D.All of the above

View SolutionWater is a Precious Gift

• Water is a gift that falls from the sky as rain.
• We get water from taps, wells, or tanks.
• Surya and Barkha get water from taps at home and school.
• They found out water for taps comes from a tank, which might be on the roof.

Where Do You Get Water From?

• We get water from taps and wells.
• The water in the taps usually comes from a big tank on top of our house.
• Water flows through big pipes to fill this tank. Sometimes, water is drawn from a well using a pump.
• Some people bring water from rivers or lakes and deliver it to our homes. It’s important to thank those who help bring water to us!

Water in Our Daily Lives

• We use water in our daily activities such as brushing our teeth, bathing, cooking, and cleaning.
• We often need to store water when it is not available.

• In some places, people do not get running water through taps and pipes.
• Many years ago, there were no pipes or taps, so people created containers for storing water.
• Today, we use various vessels like:
  • Clay pots
  • Water bottles
  • Plastic buckets

• Storing water is important because it is not always available.

Stop for a Moment and Think

• Water helps keep things clean and it is essential for our health.
• We can use dirty water for watering the plants and flushing toilets.
• We should reduce our use of water and reuse water whenever possible.
• Excess soap should not be added to the water.

Every Drop Counts

• Water is sacred and essential for survival; we cannot live more than three days without it.
• In some areas with little rain, people do not have running water at home.
• They may collect water from rivers or wells.

• We should offer water to everyone who ever comes to your door.
• In many places, it’s a tradition of keeping pots of water outside for anyone to drink.
• We can keep water for birds to drink in summer

Try yourself:

What is the importance of storing water?

• A.To have water available for daily activities.
• B.To prevent water shortages.
• C.To keep things clean.
• D.To use different vessels like clay pots.

View Solution

Points to Remember

We should aim to reduce our water use and reuse it whenever possible. It’s best not to add too much soap or other chemicals to water. Let us take care of this precious gift from the sky!

• Rainwater is important as it fills rivers, ponds, lakes, and wells.
• Water comes to our homes through taps, wells, or water tankers.
• Water is used for many daily activities, like drinking, bathing, and cooking.
• We should store water for times when it is not available.
• Reusing water for things like watering plants helps conserve this precious resource.
• Water is a gift from nature, and we must take care of it.

Difficult Words

• Absorbed. Taken in by the soil or another surface.
• Underground Water. Water is stored beneath the earth’s surface.
• Tanker. A large vehicle that carries water to places.
• Pipeline. A system of pipes that carries water to homes.
• Recharges. Refills or replenishes, especially in the context of water sources.
• Vessel. A container used to store water.
• Precious. Something very valuable and important.
• Puddle. A small pool of water, especially from rain.
• Source. The starting point from where something comes, like water from a river or well.
• Conserve. To protect and save something, like water, from being wasted.

Introduction

Have you ever thought about how plants grow? Or how do animals and plants help each other? The chapter “Living in Harmony” explains how plants, animals, and humans depend on each other for well-being. Through the story of Shambhu, who learns important lessons from his father while resting under a mango tree, the chapter explains the connection between nature and living beings. 

Explanation

The Mango Tree

One day, Shambhu, a little boy, was walking through the forest with his father. They sat under the shade of a huge mango tree, which was home to birds, squirrels, monkeys, and many other animals. Shambhu noticed a monkey eating a mango and throwing away the seed. His father explained, “Shambhu, do you know that a new plant would emerge from this seed? This is how animals and plants help each other.”

• Shambhu ran to pick up a mango that dropped from the tree.
• Shambhu’s father said that plants provide us with fruits, vegetables, and much more, including medicines, fibres for clothes, and wood for building homes.

Try yourself:

How do animals help in the growth of new plants?

• A.By eating fruits and spreading seeds
• B.By cutting branches for shelter
• C.By stepping on plants and destroying them
• D.By building nests on trees

View SolutionWe Need Each other

• We provide care, protection, food, and shelter to animals and plants, and in return, we receive many benefits from them.
• From cows, buffaloes, and goats, we get milk and companionship.
• We treat these animals with kindness, care, and compassion.
• Plants also require our support and care.

• Animals and plants depend on each other for food and shelter.
• Animals spread the seeds and enrich the soil with their waste.
• We depend on plants and animals for food, shelter, clothing, and companionship.

Visiting Your Plant Friend

• You can be friends with plants. And when you feel sad, upset, or angry, you can visit your plant friend and share your feelings with him.

• You can also talk to your plant when you are happy!
• Plants and animals also need our care and support.
• We can help each other in this way.

Points to Remember

• Plants and animals rely on each other: Animals help plants by spreading seeds and enriching the soil with their waste.
• Humans rely on plants: We obtain fruits, vegetables, medicines, fibres for clothing, and wood from plants.
• Humans rely on animals: We get milk and companionship from cows, buffaloes, and goats.
• Animal waste enriches soil: The waste from animals increases soil fertility, which helps plants to grow.
• You can speak to your plants when you feel happy.

Try yourself:

Why is it important to treat animals with care and compassion?

• A.Animals provide us with milk and companionship.
• B.Animals spread seeds and enrich the soil with their waste.
• C.Animals contribute to plant growth by their actions.
• D.Animals require our support and care for their well-being.

View SolutionDifficult Words

• Dispersing – Spreading seeds in various directions.
• Companionship – A close friendship or sense of togetherness.
• Fertile – Rich and able to support plant growth.
• Compassion – Showing kindness and understanding to others.
• Emerge – To come out or appear from something.
• Shelter – A place that offers safety or protection.
• Interdependent – Relying on each other for survival.
• Fibre – A thread-like material from plants used to make clothing.
• Seed dispersal – The process of spreading seeds to grow into new plants.
• Medicine – Substances used to treat illnesses or diseases.

Introduction

Have you ever noticed how birds, insects, and animals interact with plants around us? Plants provide food, shelter, and a safe space for many creatures. Birds build their nests in trees, insects hide among leaves, and squirrels use twigs to make cozy homes. Even monkeys love to snack on delicious fruits! Just like humans rely on nature, plants and animals also depend on each other to survive. Let’s explore how they live together in harmony!

Plants and Animals Live Together

The chapter “Plants and Animals Live Together” shows the relationship between plants and animals. It shows how animals depend on plants for food and shelter. The chapter also explains the importance of soil.

Life in the Soil

Soil is the topmost layer of the Earth’s surface. It is made up of tiny pieces of broken rocks, old leaves, roots, stems, and animals like insects. Many insects and other creatures live in the soil. Some are big, while others are too small to see. Insects like ants, termites, small beetles, and grasshoppers live in the soil. When the soil is wet, creatures like earthworms and millipedes may appear. The soil supports plants that grow and provide food and shelter for many animals.

• Camels eat plant leaves to survive in deserts.
• Birds and animals use twigs to make nests.
• Butterflies drink nectar from different flowers.
• Tree hollows provide a safe space for birds like owls to nest.
• Monkeys love eating the fruits of plants.
• Tailorbirds use plant leaves, which they stitch together to build their nests.
• Bats and leopards use the branches of trees to rest and for shelter.
• Caterpillars eat the leaves of plants.

• Different types of birds make different sounds. Birds can be identified by their sound.

Points to Remember

• Plants and animals depend on each other: Animals depend on plants for food, shelter, and nesting.
• Soil supports life: It provides a space for insects and plants. Healthy soil is good for plants and animals.
• Plants play a role in the food chain: Animals like camels, monkeys, and caterpillars depend on plants for food.
• Animals live in trees and plants: Birds, squirrels, and leopards use trees for nesting and living.
• Birds can be identified by their sounds: Each bird has a unique sound, and birds can be identified by their sounds.

Try yourself:

Which of the following is true about the relationship between birds and plants?

• A.Birds do not depend on plants for survival.
• B.Birds use plants for food, shelter, and nesting.
• C.Birds do not recognize different plants by their sounds.
• D.Plants do not benefit from animals in any way.

View Solution

Difficult Words

• Interdependent – Relying on each other for survival and support.
• Hollow – A space inside a solid object, like a hole in a tree.
• Stitch – To sew or join together, like tailorbirds using leaves to make nests.
• Termites – Small insects that feed on wood and live in colonies.
• Nectar – A sweet liquid produced by flowers that attracts birds and insects.
• Munch – To chew or eat something steadily, like a caterpillar eating leaves.
• Organic matter – Decaying plants and animals that help improve soil quality.

Introduction

The chapter “Getting to Know Plants” follows the journey of Gopu, Simmi, and Raj as they see different types of plants while walking to school. They talk about the beauty of plants, their size and shape. 

The chapter explores various types of plants like trees, shrubs, herbs, climbers, and creepers, explaining structure of stems, leaves, and roots.

Explanation

So Many Kinds of Plants

Gopu, Simmi and Raj see many different plants on their way to school. They see trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses, climbers, and creepers. Trees are big with trunks and branches. Shrubs are smaller with many stems. Herbs have soft stems, and grasses have thin, green stems. Climbers grow up other plants, and creepers spread on the ground. They also learn about the parts of a plant, like roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and seeds.

Try yourself:

Which type of plant has soft stems?

• A.Trees
• B.Shrubs
• C.Herbs
• D.Grasses

View Solution

They talk about different types of trees. Firstly they talk jamun tree, which is Raj’s favourite tree.

Trees

Trees are large plants with thick, woody trunks and have branches, leaves, and deep roots that help them stay stable and absorb water. 

An example is the jamun tree, which has shiny leaves and small fruits. Trees provide shade, shelter for animals, and help the environment by producing oxygen and absorbing carbon dioxide.

Shrubs

Shrubs are medium-sized plants that are smaller than trees and have many stems. Shrubs have no single main trunk. They can be found in gardens and wild areas, have bushy appearance.

Examples of shrubs include the tulsi plant. Shrubs serve as habitats for smaller insects.

Herbs and Grasses

Herbs are small plants with tender, green stems that do not become woody. HerbsThey are usually short-lived and can be found in gardens, kitchens, and the wild. Herbs are used for medicinal purposes. Examples of herbs include mint and tomato plants. They are known for their soft, flexible stems and are used in cooking.

Grasses are a type of herb with soft stem. They have long, thin, and flat leaves. Grasses are commonly found in lawns, and fields. GrassesThey are important for preventing soil erosion and providing food for many animals. Examples of grasses include lawn grass and wild grasses. 

The pulses we eat, such as toor, masoor, moong, and urad, are type of grasses. 

Try yourself:

Which type of plant has a complex structure with many branches and a thick, woody trunk?

• A.Shrubs
• B.Grasses
• C.Herbs
• D.Trees

View Solution

Climbers

Climbers are plants with thin, flexible stems that need support to grow. They use other plants to climb and reach sunlight. Examples include the money plant, which climbs walls or trees. ClimbersClimbers often attach to other plants. Examples: Money plant, grapevines.

CreepersCreepers are similar to climbers but grow horizontally along the ground. They have thin, flexible stems that spread out and cover the soil surface. CreepersSuch as the pumpkin plant, which has branches that spread across the ground. Creepers are important for ground cover and can help prevent soil erosion. Examples: Pumpkin plant, watermelon vines.

Leaves

Leaves of different plants come in various colors, shapes, and sizes. 

They also have different smells, as noticed by Raj. He mentions plants like tulsi, coriander, curry leaves, mint, and lemon grass, each having a distinct fragrance. 

Simmi shares that she loves the smell of mango leaves when rubbed. 

Raj tells his brother is unable to see, can easily identify the smell of fruits like mango, pineapple, jackfruit, guava, and jamun due to their strong aroma.

Parts of a Plant

• Roots: Anchor the plant in the soil and absorb water and nutrients.
• Stems: Support the plant and transport nutrients and water between roots and leaves.
• Leaves: Perform photosynthesis to produce food for the plant.
• Flowers: Reproductive part of the plant that produces seeds.
• Fruits: Contain seeds and help in their dispersal.
• Seeds: Contain the embryo of a new plant and are essential for plant reproduction.

By observing the parts of the plant, we can identify the plants.

Try yourself:

Which part of the plant is responsible for performing photosynthesis to produce food for the plant?

• A.Roots
• B.Stems
• C.Leaves
• D.Flowers

View Solution

Points to Remember

• Trees have thick wooden trunks with branches that spread out. They grow tall and have deep roots to support them.
• Herbs are small plants with soft, green stems that don’t become woody. Examples: Mint and Tomato.
• Grasses are a type of herb with long, thin leaves and hollow stems.
• Climbers grow by climbing on other plants or structures for support, like the money plant.
• Creepers spread along the ground, like the pumpkin plant, which cannot stand upright by itself.
• A plant consists of several parts: roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds, each playing a crucial role.
• The bark of a tree is the hard outer covering that protects the trunk.
• Plants have a variety of textures and smells,  like the smooth leaves of the Jamun tree.
• Plants can grow in different sizes and shapes: tall and straight, bushy, thin, curvy, or tiny depending on the type of plant.

Difficult Words

• Exclaimed – Said something suddenly and with strong emotion.
• Creeper – A plant that spreads along the ground as it grows.
• Climber – A plant that grows upward by support of another plant.
• Tender – Soft and easily breakable.
• Hollow – Having an empty space inside.
• Flexible – Capable of bending easily without breaking.
• Trunk – The main, thick stem of a tree.
• Shade – An area with no direct sunlight.
• Observe – To carefully watch or examine something.

Introduction

The chapter “Festival of Flowers” revolves around Rishi and his family as they travel to the Himalayas to visit his maternal uncle (Mama) and his family. The chapter captures their journey, the beauty of nature, and the conversations about the vibrant flower festivals celebrated in different parts of India. It also highlights the bond between cousins and their shared experiences of spring festivals.

Journey to the Himalayas

• Rishi, a boy from Jammu, travels with his parents.
• He is travelling to the Himalayas to visit his Mama, Mami, and cousins, Chiya and Nonikaa. 
• The family takes a bus ride through scenic hills covered with colorful flowers and tall trees. 
• They are warmly received by Mamaji at the bus stop, and the family heads toward the village on a concrete road that leads to a narrow mud road.

Exploring the Garden

• When Rishi arrives at his Mama’s house, he is amazed by the variety of flowers in the garden.
• He sees roses, marigolds, and hibiscus, but is eager to learn about the other lovely flowers.
• His cousin Nonikaa introduces him to tulips.

Kashmiri Lunch and Festivals

• They all enjoy a Kashmiri dish called haakh (a type of leafy vegetable) with hot rice, which is very tasty!
• During lunch, Nonikaa talks about the Kashmir Tulip Festival.
• Rishi shares about a spring festival in his hometown where they decorate homes with mustard and buransh flowers (Rhododendron).
• Chiya excitedly mentions, “My friend Unni from Kerala celebrates a festival called Vishu at this time, using lots of yellow amaltas flowers, fruits, and vegetables to create Vishu Kani.”
• This special tradition is celebrated on the first day of the Malayali new year.

Celebrating Nature

• Mami joined in and said, “Spring is a celebration of nature.  After the cold winters, the sun shines brightly, and we see flowers blooming, grass growing, and new leaves on the trees. 
• Rishi told Mami, Chiya, and Nonikaa that how happy he feels to see beautiful and colourful flowers around him. 
• Rishi returned to his home after few days.

Try yourself:

What is the Kashmiri dish that Rishi and his family enjoyed for lunch at Mama’s house?

• A.Biryani
• B.Haakh with hot rice
• C.Poha
• D.Rajma Chawal

View Solution

Points to Remember 

• Awareness of Nature – The chapter teaches about different flowers like mustard and buransh, and how they are important in various festivals.
• Cultural Diversity – Students learn about the spring festivals celebrated in India, like Vishu, which is an important part of the Malayali new year. It is believed that seeing good things at sunrise on this day will bring a good year.
• Seasonal Changes – The chapter shows how spring brings changes in nature, like flowers blooming and plants growing.
• Family and Tradition – The chapter talks about how family traditions and bonding are important, sharing Rishi’s experiences with his cousins during the spring festival.
• Environmental Appreciation – The beauty of nature is shown, helping students understand the importance of taking care of the environment.

Difficult Words

• Himalayas – Mountain range in northern India. The highest mountain, Mount Everest, is in Nepal and is about 8,848 metres tall.
• Mama – Mother’s brother.
• Mami – Mama’s wife.
• Scenic – Beautiful natural views.
• Hairpin Turns – Sharp bends on a road, often found in hilly areas.
• Rhododendron – A flowering plant in the Himalayas, also called buransh.
• Vishu – A festival in Kerala celebrating the Hindu New Year.
• Amaltas – A tree with bright yellow flowers.
• Tulip – A spring flower with bright, showy blooms.
• Haakh – A traditional dish from Kashmir made with leafy greens.