EVS for Class 4 (Our Wondrous World )

Q1: How does the sky look in the morning, afternoon, and night?
Ans: In the morning, the sky is orange and bright; in the afternoon, it is blue and clear; and at night, it is dark with twinkling stars.

Q2: How does the Sun’s colour change during the day?
Ans: The Sun looks reddish in the morning and evening, but bright yellow at noon.

Q3: What is Poornima and what is Amavasya?
Ans: Poornima is the full Moon night when the Moon looks round, and Amavasya is the new Moon night when the Moon is not visible.

Q4: What happens during sunrise?
Ans: The sky turns orange and pink, birds chirp, animals wake up, and people start their day.

Q5: What happens during sunset?
Ans: The sky becomes red or purple, birds return to their nests, animals rest, and people relax at home.

Q6: How do shadows change from morning to evening?
Ans: In the morning, shadows are long towards the west; at noon, they are short; and in the evening, they are long towards the east.

Q7: How can you make a shadow bigger or smaller using a torch?
Ans: Moving the object closer to the light makes the shadow bigger, and moving it farther makes the shadow smaller.

Q8: Why do shadows change direction during the day?
Ans: Shadows change direction because the Sun appears to move from east to west in the sky.

Q9: What is a sundial and how does it work?
Ans: A sundial is a tool that tells time by using the shadow formed by the Sun.

Q10: Who built Jantar Mantar and what can be found there?
Ans: Raja Jai Singh built Jantar Mantar in several cities, and it has a large sundial called Samrat Yantra.

Q11: What are constellations?
Ans: Constellations are patterns made by stars in the night sky, like the Saptarshi.

Q12: Name three festivals related to the Moon and when they are celebrated.
Ans: Diwali is on the new Moon, Eid is on the first night after a new Moon, and Guru Poornima is on the full Moon.

Q13: What was India’s Chandrayaan mission about?
Ans: Chandrayaan was India’s mission to explore the Moon and study its surface.

Q14: What did the Vikram Lander achieve in 2023?
Ans: On 23 August 2023, the Vikram Lander landed on the Moon and collected data about its surface.

Q15: Why is studying the sky important?
Ans: Studying the sky helps us understand nature, track time, and celebrate important festivals.

Q1: Why is Punjab known as a land of agriculture?
Ans: Punjab is called the land of agriculture because it has flat plains with rich and fertile soil. This makes it perfect for growing crops like wheat, maize, and mustard. The farmers there use both traditional and modern methods to grow food for the country.

Q2: What is the purpose of a langar at the Golden Temple?
Ans: A langar is a free community kitchen that serves food to everyone, regardless of religion or background. At the Golden Temple, volunteers cook, serve meals, and clean together. It is one of the largest community services in the world.

Q3: What kind of climate does the desert in Rajasthan have?
Ans: The desert in Rajasthan has a very dry climate with little rainfall throughout the year. The days are hot, and the nights can be cool. Because water is scarce, only certain plants and animals can survive here.

Q4: How do cactus plants survive in desert conditions?
Ans: The cactus stores water in its thick stem, allowing it to survive long dry periods. Its spines help protect it from animals and reduce water loss. This adaptation makes it perfect for desert life.

Q5: Why is the camel called the “ship of the desert”?
Ans: The camel is called the “ship of the desert” because it can carry people and goods across the hot, sandy land without getting tired quickly. It can go for many days without water and has wide feet that prevent it from sinking into the sand.

Q6: How do people in desert areas store water for dry days?
Ans: People in desert areas store water in underground tanks called tankas. These help them save water during the rainy season so they can use it later. This method is very important in places where rainfall is very low.

Q7: What types of trees grow in coastal areas like Odisha?
Ans: In coastal areas like Odisha, trees such as coconut palms grow well. They can survive in sandy soil and salty sea air. These trees are also useful because coconuts provide food, water, and oil.

Q8: What challenges do people in coastal areas face during cyclones?
Ans: People in coastal areas face strong winds and heavy rains during cyclones, which can damage homes, crops, and roads. Cyclones can also harm animals and trees. That is why early warnings and safe shelters are very important.

Q9: What is the Rath Yatra festival in Puri?
Ans: The Rath Yatra is a famous festival in Puri, Odisha, where large decorated chariots carry the idols of Lord Jagannath, Subhadra, and Balabhadra. Thousands of people pull the chariots through the streets. It is a time of great joy and devotion.

Q10: What are mountains, and where is Sikkim located?
Ans: Mountains are high landforms with steep slopes, often covered in snow in colder regions. Sikkim is a state in the Himalayan mountains, known for its snowy peaks, cold climate, and beautiful valleys. It is home to unique plants, animals, and cultures.

Q11: How are traditional houses in Sikkim designed for mountain weather?
Ans: Traditional houses in Sikkim are made of wood to keep them warm in cold weather. They have slanting roofs so rain and snow can slide off easily. This design helps prevent damage during heavy snow or rainfall.

Q12: What is a landslide and why does it happen in the mountains?
Ans: A landslide happens when soil, rocks, and plants slide down a slope. In mountains, this often occurs during heavy rains because the water makes the soil loose. Landslides can block roads, damage houses, and put people in danger.

Q13: What animals are found in the mountains of Sikkim?
Ans: Animals like the yak live in the mountains of Sikkim. Yaks have thick fur to keep them warm in cold weather and are used by people to carry loads. They are well adapted to high altitudes.

Q14: What is the bakhu and why is it worn in Sikkim?
Ans: The bakhu is a traditional dress worn by the people of Sikkim. It is made to keep the body warm in cold mountain weather. It is often worn during festivals and special occasions.

Q15: How do communities help each other during natural disasters?
Ans: During natural disasters like cyclones and landslides, communities come together to help those affected. They provide food, clothes, and shelter, and also help rebuild homes and roads. This teamwork makes recovery faster and easier.

Q1: What is paper made from?
Ans: Paper is made from materials like wood pulp, but it can also be created from old paper to save trees.

Q2: Why is recycling paper important?
Ans: Recycling paper helps save trees, water, and energy, and reduces waste.

Q3: What seeds are used in making recycled paper and why?
Ans: Fenugreek seeds are used because they help bind the paper.

Q4: Name the basic steps to make recycled paper.
Ans: Tear old paper, soak with seeds, mash, spread, roll, and dry.

Q5: How is book paper different from handmade recycled paper?
Ans: Book paper is made from wood pulp and is smooth, while recycled paper is rough and unique.

Q6: How can you make recycled paper colourful naturally?
Ans: Use natural ingredients like turmeric, spinach, beetroot, or henna.

Q7: What colour does turmeric give to paper?
Ans: Turmeric gives a dull yellow colour.

Q8: Which parts of plants can be used to make natural dyes?
Ans: Leaves, flowers, roots, seeds, and stems.

Q9: What materials were used in ancient India for writing?
Ans: Cloth, leaves, wooden boards, and talapatra.

Q10: What eco-friendly material can be used today to make paper?
Ans: Banana fibre.

Q11: What is Braille used for?
Ans: It helps visually impaired people read and write using raised dots.

Q12: What do the 5Rs in waste management stand for?
Ans: Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repurpose, Recycle.

Q13: Give one example of Refuse.
Ans: Saying no to single-use paper cups.

Q14: Give one example of Recycle.
Ans: Turning old newspapers into handmade paper.

Q1: What does spinning mean and give two examples of spinning objects?
Ans: Spinning means turning in circles around a central point. It can be seen in objects like a coin spinning on a table or a top rotating quickly. Other examples include a ceiling fan and a potter’s wheel, which also move in a circular motion when in use.

Q2: Why do some objects spin better than others?
Ans: Some objects spin better because of their shape, smooth surface, and balance. Round and flat objects like coins or bangles spin well because they can rotate smoothly. Uneven or soft objects, such as erasers, cannot spin effectively as they do not have the right balance or shape.

Q3: What happens when a spinning coin loses balance?
Ans: When a spinning coin loses balance, it begins to slow down, wobble, and then stops completely. This happens because the spinning motion is no longer steady, and friction with the surface reduces its speed until it can no longer rotate.

Q4: What is a Lattu and what is it made of?
Ans: A Lattu is a traditional spinning top used for play. It is usually made of wood or clay and has been used in India for thousands of years. When spun correctly, it balances on its pointed tip and rotates smoothly.

Q5: What is the purpose of a Charkha?
Ans: A Charkha is a spinning wheel used to twist cotton fibres into thread. It has a large wheel that spins when turned by hand. It is also a symbol of self-reliance and was famously used by Mahatma Gandhi for making handmade clothes.

Q6: What is floating and how is it different from sinking?
Ans: Floating is when an object stays on the surface of water, while sinking is when it goes below the surface. For example, a paper boat can float on water, but a marble sinks to the bottom. The difference depends on weight, shape, and material.

Q7: Can all heavy objects sink? Give an example.
Ans: No, not all heavy objects sink. For example, a heavy empty bowl can float on water because it holds air inside, which makes it less dense than water. The air trapped inside helps it stay on the surface.

Q8: What are two factors other than weight that decide whether something floats or sinks?
Ans: Two important factors are the shape of the object and the material it is made of. For example, aluminium foil can float if shaped like a cup because it holds air, but the same foil will sink if tightly pressed into a ball.

Q9: Why does aluminium foil float when spread out?
Ans: Aluminium foil floats when spread out because it traps air and spreads its weight over a larger surface area. This makes it less dense than water, allowing it to stay on the surface instead of sinking.

Q10: Give two examples each of objects that float and objects that sink.
Ans: Objects that float include cork and leaves. Objects that sink include coins and marbles. Whether something floats or sinks depends on its density, shape, and the material it is made from.

Q11: How does balance help a boat float better?
Ans: A balanced boat stays upright and does not tip over easily. Good balance ensures that the weight is evenly distributed, preventing one side from dipping into the water, which helps the boat float more effectively and remain stable.

Q12: Why do some paper boats flip while others float well?
Ans: Some paper boats flip because they are not folded or shaped properly, making them unstable in water. Boats that are well-folded and balanced float better, as they can spread their weight evenly and resist tipping over.

Q13: How can you make a sinking object float?
Ans: You can make a sinking object float by changing its shape to hold more air or by attaching it to a floating material. For example, wrapping a marble in a piece of thermocol can help it stay on the water’s surface.

Q14: How do machines make paper different from handmade paper?
Ans: Machines make paper in large quantities using fast and automated processes, often producing smooth and uniform sheets. Handmade paper is made in smaller batches and can have a rougher texture, with unique patterns or natural fibres visible.

Q15: What are the 5Rs of waste management?
Ans: The 5Rs are Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repurpose, and Recycle. These practices help in managing waste, saving resources, and protecting the environment by using materials wisely and avoiding unnecessary waste creation.

Q1: Why should we value food?
Ans: We should value food because many people and animals work hard to produce it. When we waste food, we fail to respect the hard efforts of everyone who helped bring food to our plate. Every grain is precious and should not be wasted.

Q2: What is the journey of grains?
Ans: The journey of the grain from the farm to our plate is long. Farmers grow them using soil, water, and sunlight. Shopkeepers sell them, and our family members cook them for us. Many people and nature work together to make this possible.

Q3: Why do we celebrate festivals like Makar Sankranti and Onam?
Ans: In India, we have different cultural practices and festivals where we show gratitude to ‘Mother Nature’ for the food we eat. These include Makar Sankranti, Onam, and other festivals that express our gratitude for the crops and the hard work of farmers.

Q4: Why is sleep important for our health?
Ans: Sleep is important because it removes tiredness and refreshes us. Without enough sleep, it is hard to focus on work or play. Good sleep keeps us healthy and energetic.

Q5: What happens in our mouth when we eat food?
Ans: The tongue feels the food’s texture and moves it around. The teeth chew the food into smaller pieces. Saliva mixes with the food to make it soft and easy to swallow.

Q6: What does mindful eating mean?
Ans: Mindful eating is about paying attention to what we eat and how we feel while eating. It includes eating slowly, noticing the taste and texture, and being thankful for every bite of food.

Q7: What are some things that make us feel happy?
Ans: We feel happy when we eat our favourite food, play games with friends, spend time with family, and celebrate festivals or special occasions. Happiness is also an important part of being healthy.

Q8: Name two fun physical activities that keep us healthy.
Ans: Cycling and skipping are two fun physical activities that keep us healthy. They make our bodies strong and give us more energy.Cycling & Skipping

Q9: How does yoga help us?
Ans: Yoga helps improve our posture, keeps our body flexible, and makes us feel happy and active. It is a healthy activity for both body and mind.

Q10: Why is mindful eating important?
Ans: Mindful eating helps us enjoy food more, make healthier choices, and feel thankful for every bite. It also teaches us to eat slowly and respect the effort behind our food. Eating right, at the right time, in the right way is necessary for happy and healthy living.

Q11: What is a safe touch?
Ans: A safe touch is a touch that makes us feel happy, loved, and comfortable, like a hug from our parents or a pat from a teacher.

Q12: What is an unsafe touch?
Ans: An unsafe touch makes us feel scared, uncomfortable, or bad. It can come from anyone, even a familiar person. If we feel unsafe, we should say “No” and tell a trusted adult.

Q13: Who is a trusted adult?
Ans: A trusted adult is someone we can talk to when we feel unsafe, like our parents, teachers, or other family members. They listen and help us stay safe.

Q14: What should we do if we feel unsafe?
Ans: If we feel unsafe, we should say “No” loudly, move away from the person, and tell a trusted adult immediately. Speaking up is always the right thing to do.

Q15: Why is exercise important for our health?
Ans: Exercise makes our body strong, active, and full of energy. It keeps us healthy and happy. Activities like running, playing, and yoga are great for our well-being.

Q1: What is a balanced food plate?
Ans: A balanced food plate has the right amounts of all food groups. It includes many protective foods like fruits and vegetables, some body-building foods like pulses and milk, and a little energy-giving food like rice and oil. Eating such a plate daily helps us stay strong, healthy, and active.

Q2: Why do we need to eat different types of food?
Ans: We need to eat different types of food because no single food has all the nutrients our body needs. Eating a variety helps us grow, stay energetic, and protect us from diseases. This way, our body stays balanced and healthy.

Q3: What are the three main food groups?
Ans: The three main food groups are energy-giving foods like rice and wheat, body-building foods like pulses and milk, and protective foods like fruits and vegetables. All three are important for a healthy body.

Q4: Name the six tastes in Shad Rasa.
Ans: The six tastes in Shad Rasa are sweet, sour, salty, pungent, bitter, and astringent. Ayurveda says that eating all six in balance is good for health and makes food more enjoyable.

Q5: Why should we avoid junk food?
Ans: We should avoid junk food because it has too much oil, salt, and sugar. Eating it often can harm our health. Fresh home-cooked food is healthier and gives us more nutrients.

Q6: How does water help our body?
Ans: Water helps our body by aiding digestion, keeping our skin healthy, and removing waste through urine, sweat, and faeces. It also keeps us hydrated and feeling fresh.

Q7: What is Ugadi Pachadi?
Ans: Ugadi Pachadi is a traditional dish from Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Telangana. It has all six tastes—sweet, sour, salty, pungent, bitter, and astringent—mixed in a special way, making it both tasty and meaningful.

Q8: What are millets and why are they healthy?
Ans: Millets are small grains like jowar, bajra, and jau. They are full of nutrients and are good for our health. They give energy and are easy to digest.

Q9: Give two examples of energy-giving foods.
Ans: Two examples of energy-giving foods are rice and bananas. These foods give us the power to play, work, and do daily activities.

Q10: What are protective foods? Give examples.
Ans: Protective foods keep us safe from illnesses and help our body work well. Examples are carrots, spinach, oranges, and amla. They are rich in vitamins and minerals.

Q11: Why is it important not to waste food?
Ans: It is important not to waste food because it takes hard work from farmers, animals, and nature to grow it. We should respect this effort and care for every grain we eat.

Q12: Name two foods that can be eaten without cooking.
Ans: Two foods that can be eaten without cooking are fruit chaat and vegetable salad. They are healthy, fresh, and easy to prepare.

Q13: What is a solar cooker?
Ans: A solar cooker is a device that uses sunlight to cook food. It does not need gas or electricity and does not cause pollution because it makes no smoke or ash.

Q14: How does exercise help us?
Ans: Exercise helps us by keeping our body fit, strong, and active. It also makes us feel happy and full of energy for daily activities.

Q15: What does the phrase ‘Colours on Plate, Wellness in Life’ mean?
Ans: The phrase means that eating different colourful foods like fruits and vegetables makes our meals healthy and tasty. It gives our body all the nutrients it needs to stay well.

Q1: What is solar power, and why is it useful for villages?
Ans: Solar power is electricity made from sunlight using solar panels. It is useful for villages because it reduces electricity bills, works in areas without a power supply, and is friendly to the environment as it does not cause pollution.

Q2: Why are Palash trees called the ‘flame of forest’?
Ans: Palash trees have bright orange-red flowers that make the forest look as if it is on fire. They bloom in certain seasons, adding beauty to the landscape and providing food for birds and insects.

Palash Tree

Q3: How do natural materials help in making houses eco-friendly?
Ans: Materials like clay, hay, cow dung, and bamboo keep houses cool in summer and warm in winter. They are biodegradable and do not harm the environment, making them eco-friendly building materials.

Q4: What are the benefits of using natural colours for painting?
Ans: Natural colours made from flowers, leaves, and stones are safe for people and the environment. They do not cause pollution and can be easily prepared without harmful chemicals.

Q5: How do neem leaves help in storing grains?
Ans: Neem leaves have natural properties that keep away insects and pests. When placed inside grain storage pots, they protect the grains and keep them fresh for a longer time.Neem Leaves

Q6: Why is cow dung applied to bamboo baskets used for storage?
Ans: Cow dung prevents insects from damaging the baskets and also keeps moisture away. It acts as a natural protective layer without using harmful chemicals.

Q7: Why do the Jenu Kuruba tribe sing songs to bees before collecting honey?
Ans: The Jenu Kuruba tribe sing songs to apologize to bees before taking honey. This shows respect for bees, which help in pollination and keeping nature balanced.Honey Bee

Q8: How does neem oil work as a mosquito repellent?
Ans: Neem oil has a strong smell that keeps mosquitoes away. It is a natural and safe alternative to chemical repellents, protecting people from mosquito bites and diseases.

Q9: What are sacred groves and why are they important?
Ans: Sacred groves are small forest areas protected by communities for worship and cultural activities. They help conserve trees, plants, and wildlife, making them important for biodiversity.Sacred Groves

Q10: How does reducing paper waste help the environment?
Ans: Reducing paper waste saves trees from being cut down. This helps maintain forests, protect wildlife habitats, and keep the air clean by producing more oxygen.

Q11: Why should we say no to plastic?
Ans: Plastic pollutes land, water, and harms animals when they eat it. Avoiding plastic helps keep the environment clean and safe for all living beings.

Q12: How do festivals help people connect with nature?
Ans: Many festivals, like Vat Purnima, include worship of trees, rivers, and other natural elements. They remind people to respect and protect nature as part of their traditions.

Q13: What are some natural ways to keep pests away from stored food?
Ans: Using neem leaves, applying cow dung to storage containers, and keeping grains in airtight earthen pots are natural ways to keep pests away without chemicals.

Q14: How can children help in saving plants and animals?
Ans: Children can plant trees, avoid wasting paper, say no to plastic, and spread awareness about protecting nature. These small actions together make a big difference for the environment.

Q15: What is Gond art?
Ans: Gond art is a form of painting on walls using natural colours. It shows pictures of nature like trees, animals, birds, and humans.

Q1: What is the name of the game that shows how living beings are connected?
Ans: The game is called Web of Life. It shows how plants, animals, and natural elements depend on each other.

Q2: What special feature does a gharial have?
Ans: A gharial has a long, narrow, and pointed snout. This helps it catch fish in water. It is a type of crocodile found in water bodies.

Q3: What is one feature of the Indian Giant Squirrel?
Ans: The Indian Giant Squirrel is big and red-colored. It is found in places like Pachmarhi. It has features different from smaller squirrels in other areas.

Q4: How do frogs adapt to living in water and on land?
Ans: Frogs can jump to move on land. They have moist skin to stay in water. This allows them to live in both environments.

Q5: What is one insect found in the forest?
Ans: A beetle is an insect found in the forest. It has a hard body and can fly.

Q6: What does a nature scientist study?
Ans: A nature scientist studies plants and animals. They explore their unique features and behaviors. This helps understand and protect nature.

Q7: What is the state animal of Tripura?
Ans: The Spectacled Monkey is the state animal of Tripura. It has white patches around its eyes, like spectacles. 

Q8: What happens if one part of the Web of Life disappears?
Ans: If one part disappears, the web weakens or collapses. For example, without plants, animals lose food.

Q9: What is one feature of a banyan tree?
Ans: A banyan tree has hanging roots that touch the ground. These roots make it look unique. It is a large tree found in forests.

Q10: How do birds’ beaks help them eat?
Answer: Birds’ beaks are shaped for their food. An eagle’s sharp beak catches prey, while a sunbird’s long beak drinks nectar. 

Q11: Why should we not feed animals in a zoo or forest?
Ans: Feeding animals can harm their health. It also disrupts their natural diet and behaviour.

Q12: What special feature do fish have to help them swim?
Ans: Fish have fins. Fins help them move easily through water.

Q13: How do turtles move in water?
Ans: Turtles use webbed feet to swim. Their strong shells also keep them safe.

Q14: What is one thing you should not do to animals in a forest?
Ans: Do not tease animals. It can make them scared or aggressive.

Q1: What is a postbox used for?
Ans: A postbox is where people drop letters to send them to others. The postman collects the letters and delivers them to the post office.

Q2: How did people communicate in the past?
Ans: In the past, people communicated using letters, telegrams, and sometimes pigeons. Today, mobile phones and the internet are used for faster communication.

Q3: What is a metro train used for?
Ans: A metro train is a fast way of traveling in cities. It helps people reach their destinations quickly by avoiding traffic.

Q4: Why are flyovers important?
Ans: Flyovers are elevated roads that help vehicles move above busy streets, saving time and making travel smoother.

Q5: What happens in a hospital when someone is unwell?
Ans: People go to the hospital when they are unwell, where doctors and nurses help them recover. Hospitals also organize health camps like eye check-up camps.

Q6: What is the purpose of an ATM?
Ans: An ATM is a machine that allows people to withdraw money from their bank accounts anytime.

Q7: Why should we save money in a bank?
Ans: Banks keep money safe and help people save for future needs. They also provide easy access to money through ATMs.

Q8: How do we identify directions on a map?
Ans: On a map, north is at the top, south is at the bottom, east is on the right, and west is on the left.

Q9: What services do public places provide?
Ans: Public places like hospitals, banks, post offices, and police stations provide services related to health, safety, and the environment.

Q10: What is the importance of landmarks in identifying locations?
Ans: Landmarks help people recognize and find their way to different places. They make it easier to understand directions.

Q11: Who works at a fire station, and what vehicles are used there?
Ans: Firefighters and fire officers work at a fire station. Fire trucks and emergency vehicles are used.

Q12: Who works at a post office, and what vehicles are used for delivering mail?
Ans: Postal workers and postmasters work at a post office. Post vans and motorcycles are used for delivery.

Q13: Who works at a library, and what vehicles are used for transporting books or library materials?
Ans: Librarians and library assistants work at a library. Delivery vans are used to transport books or materials.

Q1. What is the brightest object in the sky?
Ans: The Sun.

Q2. What gives us light and heat?
Ans: The Sun.

Q3. In which direction does the Sun appear to rise?
Ans: In the East.

Q4. In which direction does the Sun appear to set?
Ans: In the West.

Q5. What happens to the sky’s colour in the morning?
Ans: It appears orange.

Q6. What is visible in the night sky?
Ans: The Moon and stars.

Q7. When are shadows the shortest?
Ans: At noon.

Q8. When are shadows the longest?
Ans: In the morning and evening.

Q9. What is used to observe shadows indoors?
Ans: A torch and a stick.

Q10. What happens to a shadow when the light source moves closer?
Ans: The shadow becomes bigger.

Q11. What is a sundial used for?
Ans: To tell time using shadows.

Q12. Who built the Jantar Mantar observatories?
Ans: Raja Jai Singh of Jaipur.

Q13. What is the sundial at Jantar Mantar called?
Ans: Samrat Yantra.

Q14. What is the largest object visible in the night sky?
Ans: The Moon.

Q15. What is a full Moon called in Hindi?
Ans: Poornima.

Q16. What is a new Moon called in Hindi?
Ans: Amavasya.

Q17. On which day is Diwali celebrated?
Ans: On Amavasya, when there is no Moon.

Q18. On which day is Guru Poornima celebrated?
Ans: On the full Moon day.

Q19. What is the name of India’s mission that landed on the Moon in 2023?
Ans: Chandrayaan (Vikram Lander).

Q20. On which date did India’s Vikram Lander land on the Moon?
Ans: 23 August 2023.