What are plants?

They’re living things that grow in the ground. You can see them in the garden, at the park, or even on your windows! Plants are super cool because they give us clean air to breathe, yummy fruits to eat, and pretty flowers to enjoy. They’re like the green friends that make our world happy!

Plants at the park, in the garden,  and on your windows 

Fact about Plants: The color of most plants is green. 

Why Plants are useful to us?

• Plants provide clean air for us to breathe.
• They give us tasty food, including fruits and vegetables.
• Plants also gift us with beautiful flowers to enjoy

Try yourself:

What do plants provide us with?

• A.Clean air
• B.Tasty food
• C.Beautiful flowers
• D.All of the above

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Parts of Plants

Plants have different parts, and each part has a special job:

• Roots: These are like the plant’s feet, holding it in the ground and getting water and nutrients from the soil.
• Stem: The stem is the plant’s backbone, standing tall and carrying water, food, and messages between the roots and leaves.
• Leaves: Think of leaves as the plant’s kitchen. They use sunlight to make food for the plant in a process called photosynthesis.
• Flowers: Flowers are like the plant’s way of dressing up. They come in many colors and shapes, making the plant look beautiful. Plus, they can turn into fruits!
• Fruits: Fruits are like tasty snacks for us. They have seeds inside, which can grow into new plants.

Each part of the plant works together to make sure the plant stays happy and healthy! 

Here are some Fun Facts about Fruits and Vegetables:

• Tomato: Did you know tomatoes are not just veggies? They are also fruits because they have seeds inside! So, tomatoes are like fruity vegetables.
• Cauliflower: Cauliflower is a bit tricky. Even though it looks like a bunch of white flowers, it’s a group of undeveloped flower buds! So, it’s like a bunch of flower buds we can eat.
• Avocado: Avocado is a creamy delight, and guess what? It’s a berry! Yes, avocados belong to the berry family. Berry is tasty and surprising!

Tomato, Cauliflower and Avocado

Try yourself:

What part of the plant is responsible for carrying water, food, and messages between the roots and leaves?

• A.Roots
• B.Stem
• C.Leaves
• D.Flowers

Types of Plants

Plants come in different shapes and sizes! Let’s explore:

• Herbs: These are like small superheroes with soft stems, such as tulsi, coriander, and grass.

Tulsi Plant- herb

• Shrubs: Shrubs are like short, bushy plants. Imagine a hibiscus (china rose) or a lovely rose bush in your garden!

Shrubs

• Trees: Big and tall, trees are like the giants of the plant world. Think of mango trees, neem trees, or the mighty banyan.

Tree

• Climbers: Some plants like to climb! They use other plants for support. Picture grapevines and the friendly money plant.

Climber

• Creepers: Creepers are like sneaky plants that grow along the ground and sometimes on tree branches. Imagine pumpkins with their long vines.

Creeper

Try yourself:

Which type of plant has soft stems and includes plants like tulsi and coriander?

• A.Herbs
• B.Shrubs
• C.Trees
• D.Climbers

The food we get from Plants

Plants give us a delicious variety of food items:

• Fruits: Yummy treats like apples, bananas, watermelons, and pineapples come from plants.

Fruits

• Vegetables: Tasty veggies like potatoes, onions, and brinjals are also gifts from plants.

Vegetables

• Grains: Plants provide us with grains, which we cook to make yummy foods like rice, wheat, and pulses (dal).

Grains

Plants give us clean air to breathe and yummy food to eat, so we should take care of them like friends who make our world happy and healthy!

What is Water?

Water is an essential resource. We need water to live and grow. Animals and plants also need water to live and grow.

What are the Sources of Water?

1. Lakes and Rivers:

• Lakes are water bodies that are surrounded by land on all sides.
• Rivers are flowing waterbodies that usually originate from mountains.

2. Rainwater:

• Rain is nothing but water falling from the clouds.
• It is important because it supplies water to the Earth and fills the water bodies.
• It also helps the farmers carry out farming activities.
• Too much rain can cause floods.

3. Wells:

• A well is made after digging the soil.
• Water remains stored beneath the ground, and when the soil is dug up, the water can be used for many activities.
• One has to use ropes and buckets to collect the water from wells.

Try yourself:What is rainwater?

• A.Water that comes from the tap
• B.Water that falls from the clouds
• C.Water that comes from the ground
• D.Water that comes from the well

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Why is Water Precious?

Water is important for all living things. We cannot stay even one day without water.

• Water is very essential for us. 
• We cannot do without water. 
• All living things need water.
• You should be careful to check water wastage as wastage can easily be avoided by taking care.

Try yourself:We need water when we are_______

• A. thirsty
• B.hungry
• C.sleepy
• D.angry

What are the Uses of Water?

Water helps us in different bodily functions, and so one should need to drink plenty of water throughout the day.

Water is also required for:

• Drinking
  
• Cooking
  
• Bathing
  
• Washing clothes
  
• Cleaning floors
  
• For putting off fire
  
• For gardening
  
• For animals.
  

How can we Save Water at Home?

Water is very precious to every one of us. Do not waste it.

Steps to save water in the bathroom

Steps to save water in the kitchen

How is Water Formed?

• Water from water bodies on earth changes to a gas state and collects in the sky as clouds.
• These clouds bring rain on earth and water is again brought back to earth.
  Water Cycle
• We get water from rain. Rainwater fills rivers, lakes, ponds, and oceans.
• People living in villages use hand-pumps and wells for water.
• From Mountains: The snow melts as rivers. River water is cleaned and sent through pipes to our homes for drinking.

Try yourself:We get water from rivers, lakes ponds, springs and

• A.oceans
• B.cupboard
• C.box
• D.car

Amazing Facts

• There is plenty of water in the sea, but we cannot drink this water. It is salty and unfit for drinking.
• Water is very essential for us. We cannot do without water. All living things need water.
• India has the second-highest rainfall but we still have a shortage of water.

Keep in Mind!

• Water vapors form clouds. 
• Rain fills rivers, lakes, and ponds.
• The snow from mountains melts to form a river. 
• Water is used for bathing, drinking, and many other purposes.

What is Food?

• Food is what we eat to get energy and grow strong. 
• It can be yummy things like fruits, vegetables, rice, or bread. 
• Food helps us play, learn, and stay healthy!

Why Do We Need Food?

• We need food to keep our bodies healthy and strong. 
• Food is like the special stuff we eat to give us energy and help our bodies grow. 
• There are all kinds of tasty foods, like fruits, vegetables, grains, and proteins, that provide the nutrients we need. 
• Just like how cars need fuel to run, our bodies need food to do all the cool things we enjoy, like playing, learning, and having fun. 
• So, food is like the key ingredient to keep us going and feeling good!

Where Does Food Come From?

We get food from plants and animals. We get foods such as fruits, vegetables, pulses, grams and nuts from plants and trees. We get food such as milk, eggs, meat, fish, and chicken from animals. We get milk from cows, buffaloes and goats. 

The food items made from milk are called dairy products. Dairy products include curd, cheese, butter, ghee and cottage cheese.

DairyDifferent types of foods help us in different ways. Fruits and vegetables keep us healthy. Pulses, grains and nuts give us energy. Milk, fish, meat and eggs help us grow. Let us learn more about this.

Types of Food

There are different types of food that our body needs to stay healthy and strong. These include:

Fruits and Vegetables

Fruits and vegetables are colourful and delicious foods that come from plants. They are packed with vitamins, minerals, and fibre, which help keep us healthy and prevent illnesses. Examples of fruits include apples, bananas, and oranges, while vegetables include carrots, broccoli, and spinach.

Grains

Grains, such as bread, pasta, rice, and cereals, give our bodies the energy to play, think, and grow. They are an essential source of fuel for our daily activities.

Protein

Proteins are like building blocks for our body, helping us grow strong muscles, bones, and skin. Foods rich in protein include chicken, fish, eggs, beans, and nuts, which help keep us fit and healthy.

Dairy Products

Dairy foods, like milk, cheese, and yogurt, provide calcium, which is vital for strong bones and teeth. Choosing low-fat or non-fat options can make them even healthier.

Healthy Fats

Certain fats, like those found in avocados, nuts, and olive oil, are good for us. These healthy fats support brain development and help our bodies work well.

Food Choices Around Us

Vegetarians 

People who do not eat eggs, meat and fish are called vegetarians.

Non-Vegetarians

People who eat eggs, chicken, meat and fish along with vegetarian food are called non-vegetarians.
Some people do not eat meat but eat eggs, plant products and dairy products.

Try yourself:

What are the types of foods that help us grow?

• A.Fruits and vegetables
• B.Pulses, grains, and nuts
• C.Milk, fish, meat, and eggs
• D.All of the above

What are Meals?

Meals are times when we sit down to eat delicious food. We have different meals during the day that give us energy and make us strong and happy!

Types of Meals

1. Breakfast:

• Breakfast is the first meal of the day.
• We eat breakfast in the morning to kick-start our day.
• Examples: Cereal, toast, and fruits.

2. Lunch:

• Lunch is the midday meal.
• We eat lunch to refuel and have energy for the rest of the day.
• Examples: Sandwiches, vegetables, rice.

3. Dinner:

• Dinner is the last meal of the day.
• We eat dinner with our family and relax after a busy day.
• Examples: Chicken, pasta, salad.

Introduction

• Have you ever thought about how you can see the bright blue sky, hear your favourite song, smell a beautiful flower, taste a sweet candy, or feel the warmth of the sun? 
• This is all because of our sense organs! 
• These special parts of our body help us understand and experience the world around us. 
• Without them, we wouldn’t be able to enjoy the colours, sounds, smells, tastes, and textures that make life exciting!

What are Organs?

Our body is made up of many important parts, and some of these parts are called organs. Organs help us do different things to stay healthy and active.

• Some organs work inside our body, like the heart, which pumps blood, and the lungs, which help us breathe.
• Some organs help us understand the world around us, like our eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin. These are called sense organs because they help us sense things.

Organs like the heart, brain, kidney are super heroes. 

What are Sense Organs?

Sense organs are special parts in our bodies, like eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin, that help us see, hear, smell, taste, and touch the amazing world around us. They work together with other organs to make sure we experience and understand everything.

Five Sense Organs

The brain is like a smart boss that helps our eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin work together so we can see, hear, smell, taste, and touch all the cool things around us!

Try yourself:

Which of the following is NOT a sense organ?

• A.Eyes
• B.Ears
• C.Kidneys
• D.Nose

The Five Sense Organs

We have five main sense organs:

1. Eyes 

Imagine your eyes are like magic windows. Eyes help you see all the cool and colourful things around you, like your favourite toys and the bright blue sky.

Eyes

2. Ears 

Ears help you hear. They let us hear the laughter of friends, the buzzing of bees, and even our favourite songs.

Ears

3. Nose 

The nose helps us to smell. It helps you sniff and enjoy the yummy smells of cookies, flowers, and all sorts of good things.

Nose

4. Tongue 

Your tongue helps you eat and taste delicious foods like ice cream and fruits. It also lets you talk and sing.

Tongue

5. Skin 

The skin lets you feel the softness of your teddy bear, the warmth of the sun, and the cool breeze on your face.

Skin

Sometimes, your sense organs work together, like when you taste a yummy ice cream cone. Your eyes see the colours, your nose smells the sweetness, and your mouth tastes the deliciousness!

Try yourself:

Which sense organ helps us hear different sounds?

• A.Eyes
• B.Ears
• C.Nose
• D.Tongue

Taking Care of Our Sense Organs

Sense organs are sensitive and delicate parts of our body. Hence, one should take care of them properly.

Eyes:

• Do not rub your eyes too much and keep sharp things away from them.
• Wash your eyes with clean water often.
• Watching TV for a long time or from too close can harm your eyesight.
• Eat yellow fruits like papaya and mango, and iron-rich vegetables like spinach to keep your eyes healthy.

Ears:

• We should not put anything or sharp objects in our ears.
• Our ears should be cleaned by an adult using a cotton plug.

Skin:

• Our skin protects our body.
• We should take a bath every day to keep our skin clean and healthy.
• If we get hurt, we should tell an adult and get it treated quickly.
• We should not scratch our skin with nails or sharp objects.

Nose:

• Use a handkerchief to clean your nose.
• Never put your finger in your nose to clean it.
• Never put any object in your nose.

Tongue:

• Clean your tongue every day.
• Do not eat food that is too hot, as it can burn your tongue.

Try yourself:

What should you use to clean your nose?

• A.A finger
• B.A handkerchief
• C.A cotton swab
• D.Water

The sky

We see the sun, moon and stars in the sky. These are together called heavenly bodies. The sun is a star too and our earth is a planet while the moon is a natural satellite. All heavenly bodies in space are called the universe.

Colour the objects that you can see in the sky during the day in yellow. Colour the ones that you can see in the night in blue.

If we stand in an open place and look up, we see the sky. We see many different things in the sky at different times. During the day, we can see the sun. The sky looks bright.
We may also see clouds, birds, aeroplanes and helicopters in the sky.

In the night, the sky looks dark. We can see the moon and the stars.

The Sun

The sun is a big ball of fire. It is a star. It gives us light and warmth.
Every morning, the sun rises in the East. The rising of the sun is called sunrise. As the sun rises, it spreads light and the day begins.
Every evening, the sun sets in the West. The setting of the sun is called sunset.
As the sun sets, it becomes dark and night falls.
The sun is very big but as it is very far away from the earth, it looks small.

Do you know?
We see that the position of the sun changes in the sky with time. But this is because the earth is moving around the sun and not the other way around.

The Moon

After sunset, we see the moon in the sky.

The moon gives us light at night. But this light is not of its own. It is the light of the sun which falls on the moon.
In size, the moon is much smaller than the sun. Yet, it appears big because it is much closer to the earth. In fact, it is smaller than the earth also.
The shape of the moon changes every night.

The Stars

We also see many stars twinkling in the night sky. Like the sun, they are also very hot. But, as they are far away from the earth, their warmth does not reach us. And due to their being far away, they also appear like tiny spots in the sky.

Do you know?
The first man to step on the moon was Neil Alden Armstrong.

Do you know?
In earlier times, sailors used to find their direction in the sea with the help of the stars. When the sailors saw the North Star in front of them in the sky, they knew they were moving in the North direction.

Try it out

Which of the following is not seen in the sky at night?

Let Us Revise

1. The sky looks bright during the day and dark in the night.
2. The sun is a big ball of fire. 
3. The sun gives us light and warmth. 
4. The sun rises in the East and sets in the West. 
5. It becomes day with sunrise and dark with sunset. 
6. The moon gives us light at night. 
7. The tiny, twinkling stars in the night sky are actually very hot, just like the sun.