02. Journey of a River – Chapter Notes

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Imagine a river telling its own story, flowing from high mountains to the sparkling sea! In this chapter, we follow the Godavari River’s adventure, learning where it starts, the life it holds, and how it helps people every day. It’s like a tale of a watery hero who travels far and brings life to everyone it meets!

Where I Begin, Where I Flow

I’m the Godavari River, and my journey starts with a tiny trickle high up in the mountains. As I travel, I grow bigger and stronger, carrying stories and water across the land!

Starting in the Mountains

  • I begin as a small stream in the Western Ghats at Trimbakeshwar, Maharashtra.
  • Rainwater and other streams, called tributaries, join me to make me wider.
  • I flow 1,465 kilometers, making me India’s second longest river after the Ganga.
  • Fun example: Picture me as a little water baby in the mountains, growing into a mighty river as friends join my journey!

A Sacred Journey

  • People call me Dakshina Ganga because I’m holy and flow through southern India.
  • In Nashik, near my start, people take dips in my waters during festivals like Godavari Pushkaram.
  • My stories are told in the Ramayana and Puranas, making me special.
  • Fun comparison: I’m like a sacred storyteller, carrying ancient tales as I flow to the sea!

Reaching the Sea

  • I travel far and finally join the Bay of Bengal.
  • My journey covers fields, forests, and towns along the way.
  • At the end, I spread into a delta, like a big watery hug to the sea.
  • Fun example: Imagine me as a traveler running to meet the ocean, spreading out my arms wide!

The Life I Hold

As a river, I’m a home full of life, from animals to plants. I flow all year, making me a special place for nature’s friends!

A Perennial River

  • I’m a perennial river, flowing all year round, unlike seasonal rivers that only flow in the rainy season.
  • My steady flow keeps forests and animals happy all the time.
  • I’m a freshwater home for many creatures and plants.
  • Fun example: Think of me as a cozy house that’s always open for plants and animals to live in!

Wildlife in My Forests

  • I pass through forests with tigers, barking deer, and Indian golden geckos.
  • Red sandalwood trees grow tall near my banks.
  • My waters support a rich world of wildlife.
  • Fun comparison: My forests are like a jungle party where tigers roar and geckos scamper by the water!

The Coringa Mangrove Forests

  • At the sea, I form a delta called the Coringa Mangrove Forests.
  • My freshwater mixes with the salty sea in this special place.
  • This is where my journey ends, leaving a home for unique plants and animals.
  • Fun example: Picture my delta as a magical meeting spot where river and sea shake hands!

The Many Ways I Support Lives

I’m like a helper for everyone living near me. From drinking water to growing food, I make life possible in so many ways!

Water for Towns and Villages

  • People build homes near me because I provide water for drinking, cooking, and washing.
  • Towns and villages along my banks depend on my water every day.
  • My water flows through pipes and canals to reach homes and schools.
  • Fun example: I’m like a giant water jug, pouring out water for everyone to share!

Helping Farms and Factories

  • Farmers use my water to grow crops, like rice and vegetables.
  • Factories need my water to make things, like clothes or tools.
  • I support jobs, helping people earn a living.
  • Fun comparison: Think of me as a busy chef, serving water to farms and factories to cook up food and goods!

Dams—Storing My Water, Changing My Flow

I’m a giving river, but sometimes people build big walls called dams to store my water. These help people, but they also change my journey and affect those around me.

What Dams Do

  • Over 900 dams store my water for drinking, farming, and making electricity.
  • A dam is like a giant wall that blocks my flow, creating a big pool called a reservoir.
  • This stored water helps people during dry times when rain is scarce.
  • Fun example: Imagine a dam as a huge bucket catching my water to save it for a thirsty day!

How Dams Affect Me

  • Dams flood land, covering homes of animals and people who must move away.
  • The forests and wildlife near me lose their homes when water rises.
  • My natural flow changes, slowing me down or spreading me differently.
  • Fun comparison: It’s like someone putting a big gate in my path, making me pause and change my route!

Using Water Wisely

  • Water from dams travels far through pipes to reach your tap.
  • It’s important to use my water carefully because building dams affects many lives.
  • Every drop you save helps make sure there’s enough for everyone.
  • Fun example: Think of every tap you turn off as a little thank-you to the animals and people who shared their space for dams!

What Pollutes Me and Why It Matters

I love being clean, but sometimes people and factories make me dirty. Keeping me fresh is important for everyone who depends on me!

Pollution in My Waters

  • Waste, plastic, and dirty water from factories and homes pollute me.
  • Chemicals and soapy water hide in me, making my water unsafe to drink.
  • My fish, turtles, and birds suffer and may disappear because of pollution.
  • Fun example: Imagine me as a sparkly dress getting stained with mud—it’s hard to stay beautiful!

Harmful Effects

  • Fertilisers from farms wash into me, making plants grow too fast, like a green blanket.
  • This blanket chokes my water, making it hard for fish to breathe.
  • Even when I look clean, hidden harmful things can hurt people and animals.
  • Fun comparison: It’s like a sneaky monster hiding in my water, troubling my fishy friends!

Keeping Me Clean

  • Using eco-friendly products makes less waste to keep me clean.
  • People are working along my banks to stop waste from reaching me.
  • Every small step, like picking up litter, helps me stay fresh and full of life.
  • Fun example: Think of cleaning me as giving me a big, bubbly bath to shine again!

When a River Floods

Most days, I flow gently, helping everyone around me. But when heavy rains come, I can grow wild and powerful, flooding the land!

Flooding the Land

  • Too much rain makes me bigger, faster, and deeper, roaring through the land.
  • I overflow my banks, flooding houses, fields, and roads.
  • This causes damage and forces people and animals to leave their homes.
  • Fun example: Picture me as a playful giant, splashing water everywhere when I get too excited!

Staying Safe

  • Floods happen when lots of rain rushes into me all at once.
  • People move to safer places to avoid my wild waters.
  • My power shows how strong nature can be when it rains a lot.
  • Fun comparison: It’s like me throwing a big water party that gets too big for my banks to hold!

When a River Runs Dry

I’m a perennial river, flowing all year, but some rivers run dry, causing big problems. Imagine a day without my water—it’s not easy!

Life Without Water

  • If I run dry, there’s no water for drinking, bathing, or cooking.
  • Families might have to leave their homes to find water elsewhere.
  • Animals suffer too, losing their watery homes and drinking spots.
  • Fun example: Imagine a day with no water—it’s like a kitchen with no food for cooking!

Helping Save Water

  • Water ATMs give clean water with a card or coin, helping people use me wisely.
  • Saving water and planting trees keeps me healthy for the future.
  • Every small action, like not wasting water, shows love for me.
  • Fun comparison: Think of saving water as giving me a big hug to keep my flow strong!

01. Water—The Essence of Life – Chapter Notes

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It is raining. Afreen watches raindrops sliding on the window and asks Jyoti where water comes from and where it goes.

  • Most of the Earth’s surface is covered with water, but most of this water is salty ocean water.
  • Only a very small amount of water on Earth is freshwater, found in rivers, lakes, groundwater, and rain.
  • Freshwater is essential for people, animals, birds, and plants to live, drink, and grow food
  • Imagine if all Earth’s water was in one glass — the freshwater would fill only a teaspoo

Do you know?
Salt pans in Gujarat are large flat areas where seawater is dried to get salt.

Water has Different Forms

Jyoti was curious, “Is there water in the air too?”. Let’s find out.

  • Water exists in three forms:
    Liquid: like rain and river water
    Solid: like ice and snow
    Gas or vapour: like steam or water vapour in the air
  • Ice melts into water when heated. Heating water produces steam (water vapour).
  • Water vapour cools and forms clouds, which later produce rain or snow.

Water Cycle

Water is always on the move, travelling in a big circle, let us see how.

How Water Travels

  • The Sun heats water from oceans, rivers, and lakes, turning it into water vapour (evaporation).
  • Water vapour rises and cools to form clouds (condensation).
  • Clouds become heavy and water falls as rain, snow, or hail (precipitation).
  • Water then flows into rivers, lakes, oceans, or soaks into the ground.
  • This continuous movement of water in nature is called the water cycle.

Groundwater

When it rains, some water soaks into the soil and travels deep underground, filling empty spaces between soil and rocks. This water is called groundwater.

  • We get groundwater by digging wells, borewells, or using pumps.
  • In cities, many cemented roads and paved areas prevent rainwater from soaking into the ground, so groundwater does not get refilled easily.

How to help groundwater recharge:

  • Plant more trees.
  • Build soak pits and ponds.
  • Avoid covering large areas with cement or pavement.

Do you know?
Open, uncovered areas allow water to seep into the ground. Soak pits, ponds, human-made lakes, and planting more trees help rainwater return underground.

Surface Water

The water you see in rivers, lakes, and ponds is called surface water. It’s out in the open, sparkling under the sun!

  • Surface water includes rivers, ponds, lakes, and tanks.
  • Rivers usually begin in mountains and flow downhill. The shape of hills and valleys guides their path.
  • Water flows according to the shape of the land and may curve, slow down, or collect in lakes.

Do you know?
The Luni River in Rajasthan does not flow into a sea but ends in the marshy lands of the Rann of Kutch in Gujarat.

Our Lifeline—Rivers in India

Rivers are like the veins of our country, bringing life wherever they flow. India has many amazing rivers that help people, animals, and plants thrive.

  • Rivers are very important because they provide water for drinking, farming, and living plants and animals.
  • Indian rivers mainly flow into two seas: the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. 
    Examples:
    – Godavari flows into the Bay of Bengal.
    – Narmada flows into the Arabian Sea.
    – Ganga flows into the Bay of Bengal.
  • Rivers have many smaller rivers joining them called tributaries, and all these together form river basins.

Life in water

Afreen noticed that the rain had filled up the pond near the school grounds. She called out to Jyoti. Let’s see what they noticed. 

  • Many animals and plants live in freshwater bodies like ponds, lakes, and rivers.
  • Animals living in water usually have fins to swim, and some have gills to breathe underwater.

Animals on LandAnimals in WaterBreathe air with lungsBreathe using gillsWalk on legsSwim with fins or tailsCannot live underwaterLive wholly or partly underwater

Examples of aquatic life:

  • Dragonfly: lays eggs near water and eats mosquitoes.
  • Water Scorpion: an insect that lives underwater and breathes using a tail tube.
  • Pond Heron: a bird that stands still in water to catch fish.
  • Freshwater Turtle: lives in ponds and slow-moving rivers.
  • Water Hyacinth: a fast-growing floating plant that spreads quickly on water.

Types of plants in water

There is a rich variety of plants and animals that live in freshwater habitats.

  • Freshwater plant types:
    Floating plants: Leaves float on the water surface, roots are in water (e.g., Water Lily, Lotus).
    Rooted floating plants: Flowers float, but roots are fixed in the soil underwater.
    Free-floating plants: Float freely on the water surface without roots (e.g., Water Hyacinth).
  • This reminds us how essential freshwater is for supporting life on Earth.
  • Leaves have a waxy coating that keeps too much water from soaking in, protecting the plant.

10. Adverbs – 2             Textbook Worksheet

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Q1: Underline the adverbs in the sentences below.

(i) She explains beautifully her words.

(ii) He is sitting outside

(iii) Myra is playing upstairs.

(iv) She talks quietly.

(v) He has never been late for his classes.

(vi) Grandfather moves slowly down the stairs.

(vii) He cares for his sister more.

(viii) She often completes her work.

(ix) He takes his friend’s joke seriously.

(x) From tomorrow, he will go to his class regularly.

Q2: Underline the adverbs and identify their type.

(i) He is going outside for one week.

(ii) She speaks softly to her parents.

(iii) The cat runs away after seeing the dog.

(iv) He usually goes shopping.

(v) It was a night spent horribly.

(vi)  My aunt speaks English very fluently.

(vii) Today he came early from classes.

(viii) She fairly completed her task.

(ix) He submits his notebook weekly on time.

(x) The dog is inside a house.

Q3: Choose the adverbs and tell their kinds.

(i) My friends thought the cricket game ended abruptly.

(ii) She painted it very beautifully.

(iii) The vase I bought is very rare and must be handled very delicately.

(iv) I spent the evening very delightfully.

(v) The teacher firmly punished the students for not doing homework.

(vi) I accidentally stepped on a squirrel and injured it.

(vii) She truthfully answered all the questions in the interview without any hesitation.

(viii) Quickly finish this breakfast so we can go to school.

(ix) I always liked spending time with you.

(x) I politely told them to keep quiet in the library.

Q4: Form adverbs.

Q5: Fill in the blanks with suitable adverbs.

(i) He was walking really ______ on the bridge.

(ii) I ran _____ to the house when it started raining.

(iii) The teacher rubbed his eyes ______ after teaching for hours.

(iv) He was singing _______ until the music stopped.

(v) Her handwriting is  _______ beautiful.

(vi) She dressed _______ for the party.

(vii) Vikas plays the Sitar _______.

(viii) She answered all the questions very ______.

(ix) My mom put the clothes away very ______

(x) They welcomed us really _______ at their house.

You can access the solutions to this worksheet here.

10. Adverbs – 1            Textbook Worksheet

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Q1: Pick out the Adverbs used in the sentences from the options given below.

(i) The girl sang loudly at the music show.
(a) Loudly
(b) Music
(c) Show
(d) Girl

(ii) He came to my birthday party yesterday.
(a) Birthday
(b) To
(c) Yesterday
(d) Came

(iii) He looked for his pup everywhere.
(a) Pup
(b) Looked
(c) Everywhere
(d) For

(iv) Rahul happily ate his food.
(a) Happily
(b) Food
(c) Ate
(d) The

(v) The boy looked sadly at his broken toy.
(a) Sadly
(b) Broken
(c) At
(d) The

(vi) They went outside to burst crackers.
(a) Went
(b) They
(c) Outside
(d) Burst

(vii) Neha carefully answered the questions.
(a) The
(b) Answered
(c) Carefully
(d) Questions

(viii) The teacher never comes to the classroom.
(a) Classroom
(b) Teacher
(c) Never
(d) Comes

(ix) The plane flew high in the sky.
(a) Sky
(b) High
(c) Plane
(d) Flew

(x) He often goes to the city.
(a) Goes
(b) Often
(c) To
(d) City

Q2: Underline the Adverbs in the following sentences.

(i) The girl sang sweetly.

(ii) What is he doing outside?

(iii) He practices cricket every day.

(iv) I look forward to hearing from you soon.

(v) The old woman was walking slowly.

(vi) I will complete my work on time.

(vii) Emma often helps her mom in the kitchen.

(viii) The children are playing outside.

(ix) My brother will come tomorrow.

(x) Harry, please go there.

(xi) The kittens are playing there.

(xii) Children usually rush.

(xiii) The girls danced gracefully.

(xiv) She has traveled everywhere.

(xv) He worked the sum quickly.

Q3: Choose the correct Adverbs of manner, Adverb of Place, and Adverb of Time to Complete the sentences.

(i) The old man walks ______ (always/ everywhere/ slowly) – Adverb of manner.

(ii) The child slept ______ (daily/ soundly/ often) – Adverb of manner.

(iii) She sang in the concert ______ (daily/ well/ everywhere) – Adverb of manner.

(iv) It is raining ______ (heavily/ everywhere/ daily) – Adverb of manner.

(v) The little lamb followed Rajni ______ (repeatedly/ everywhere/ slowly) – Adverb of place.

(vi) You are welcome to come ______ and study with me. (in the evening/ to my house) – Adverb of place.

(vii) Hang the picture ______ (neatly/ there/ always) – Adverb of place.

(viii) The soldier dug a bunk ______ (yesterday/ sometimes/ under the ground) – Adverb of place.

(ix) They are to be married ______ (next week/ soundly) – Adverb of Time.

(x) I hurt my knee ______ (then/ yesterday/ early) – Adverb of Time.

You can access the solutions to this worksheet here.

09. Adjectives – 2        Textbook Worksheet

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Q1: Write the adjectives and tell their kinds.

(i) Rahul is a clever boy.

(ii) Most children like cartoon shows.

(iii) There are some apples in the fridge.

(iv) The cat drank the whole milk.

(v) We did not receive sufficient rain this year.

(vi) That boy is very lazy.

(vii) Rose is a beautiful flower.

(viii) The dog is eating its breakfast.

(ix) Iron is a useful metal.

(x) I have bought six eggs.

(xi) There is enough milk in the fridge.

(xii) Whose bag is this?

(xiii) Many girls participated in the programme.

Q2: Fill in the blanks with adjectives as indicated in the bracket.

(i) He has _____ patience. (adjective of quantity)

(ii) He showed ______ enthusiasm. (adjective of quantity)

(iii) We have cooked ______. (adjective of quantity)

(iv) I spent the ______ day at home. (adjective of quantity)

(v) There are ______ mistakes in your essay. (adjective of number)

(vi) I would like _____ help. (adjective of quantity)

(vii) _____ picture was drawn by my aunt. (demonstrative objective)

(viii) ______ answer is correct? (interrogative adjective)

(ix) ______ criminals are not violent. (adjective of number)

(x) _______ car is this? (interrogative adjective)

Q3: Match the words and adjectives formed by using them.

You can access the solutions to this worksheet here.

09. Adjectives – 1        Textbook Worksheet

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Q1: Underline The Adjective In The Following Sentences.

(i) Lotus is a beautiful flower.

(ii) The teacher told us an interesting story.

(ii) Mumbai is a large city.

(iv) The elephant is the largest animal on land.

(v) Ravi is an honest boy.

(vi) Raveena is a clever girl.

(vii) He does not have much patience.

(viii) I have bought some apples.

(ix) There has been sufficient rain this year.

(x) There are several mistakes in this essay.

(xi) Mr. Ramesh is an old man.

(xii) You are wearing a beautiful dress.

(xiii) The mangoes are sweet.

(ix) Sunil has a new pen.

(x) I have two pencils.

Q2: Underline The Adjective In The Following Sentences And Mention Which Kind Of Adjective Each Of These Is.

(i) Few men are free from faults.

(ii) Little hearing is a dangerous thing.

(iii) He was a man of few words and great deeds.

(iv) He is a stupid boy and has little sense.

(v) The old man carries a heavy bag.

(vi) The young man died a glorious death.

(vii) A living ass is better than a dead lion.

(viii) Her brother failed the exam.

(ix) Who gave you this book?

(x) Anita got five pencils.

Q3: Write One Word For The Following Sentences. Choose The Answer From The table Below.

(i) ________prize was won by Indian in the Olympics.

(ii) ________ animals kill other animals.

(iii) We should not wear ________ clothes.

(iv) I don’t like ________ boys.

(v) Delhi is a ________ city.

(vi) The Doctor wears ________ coat.

Q4: Read The Following Sentences And Underline The Adjective. Also, State What Word Each Adjective Modifies.

(i) Ramesh is the tallest boy in the class.
The adjective_______modifies the noun______

(ii) Gold is a precious metal.
The adjective________modifies the noun________

(iii) Alice is my best friend.
The adjective________modifies the noun________

(iv) She was wearing a blue shirt.
The adjective________modifies the noun________

(v) I bought six eggs.
The adjective________modifies the noun________

(vi) My brother has a cute daughter.
The adjective________modifies the noun________

(vii) I had a strange experience yesterday.
The adjective________modifies the noun________

Q5: Fill In The Blanks With Suitable Adjectives From Brackets.

(i) That was ________ book you sent me. (a fine/ an interesting)

(ii) Mr. Sharma is a ________ hostess. (perfectly lovely/ charming)

(iii) James thinks he is ________ (clever/ cute)

(iv) That was a ________ remark Rohan made. (funny/ peculiar)

(v) The packet is very ________ (heavy/ young).

(vi) Delhi is a ________ city. (round/ big).

(vii) Respecting elders is a ________ habit. (good/ bad).

(viii) The giraffe has a ________ neck. (long/ short).

(ix) When it rains, the road gets ________ (dry/ muddy).

(x) The table is ________ (dirty/ muddy).

You can access the solutions to this worksheet here.

08. Verb And Tense – ( Tense) Textbook Worksheet

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Q1: Fill in the Blanks.

(i) I _______ a wonderful film in the cinema last night. (see)

(ii) The sun _______ when the climber reached Mount Everest. (shine)

(iii) Unfortunately, just as we got to the airport their plane _______ off (take).

(iv) I was tired yesterday because I _______ well the night before (not sleep).

(v) When I left the house this morning, it _______ (already rain)

(vi) The plane _______ off in a few minutes. (take)

(vii) I _______ my watch because it is being fixed (not wear).

(viii) They _______ in an apartment right now because they can’t find a cheap house. (live)

(ix) He _______ by herself since her divorce (live)

(x) I predict that by 2020, man _______ on Mars (land)

(xi) Our daughter _______ from the university yet (graduate).

(xii) She _______ to a doctor once a year for an examination (go)

(xiii) Nothing much _______ when I got to the meeting (happen).

(xiv) I _______ two mistakes in the last quiz. (make)

(xv) They _______ in Chicago for 20 years (be).

(xvi) The sun _______ at 6:38 yesterday morning (rise)

(xvii) I promise that I _______ this secret to anyone (not tell)

(xviii) They _______ to the movies only once in a while (go)

(xix) Sh! Someone _______ to our conversation (listen)!

(xx) I think Bob _______ for London at this very moment. (leave)

(xxi) I _______ up at 7 every morning but this morning I_______ long and I _______ up until 8. (get, sleep, not get)

(xxii) This _______ an easy quiz so far (be).

(xxiii) Everyone _______ when the earthquake hit the small town. (sleep)

(xxiv) I was angry that I _______ such a stupid mistake (make).

(xxv) He _______ his job a couple of years ago. (quit)

Q2: Go through the sentences below and identify the type of tenses.

(i) Damon drinks coffee every morning.

(ii) The boy got up late and missed the bus.

(iii) My mother goes to pray in the temple.

(iv) The team is playing very well.

(v) The school will be closed for winter break.

(vi) Leonard graduated from college last year.

(vii) The baby has eaten all the chips.

(viii) Have you read Pride and Prejudice?

(ix) The train has just left the station.

(x) The sick child has been sleeping for three hours.

Q3: Go through the sentences and change their tenses as directed.

(i) The boy speaks the truth. (Present Continuous Tense)

(ii) Mr Cooper has spoken about Dinosaurs. (Present Perfect Continuous Tense)

(iii) The boat sailed yesterday. (Simple Present Tense)

(iv) Amy went to school yesterday. ( Future Continuous Tense)

(v) The baby cried for hours. (Present Perfect Continuous Tense)

(vi) Robert ate all the cookies. (Present Perfect Tense)

(vii) I have finished my assignment. (Past Perfect Tense)

(viii) Mr Bert had taught for five years. (Past Perfect Continuous Tense).

(ix) Dev saw the Prime Minister yesterday. (Future Continuous Tense)

(x) Priya shall finish her stitching by then. (Future Perfect Tense)

You can access the solutions to this worksheet here. 

08. Verb And Tense – 1 Textbook Worksheet

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Q1: Fill in the blanks with Simple Present or Present Continuous form of the verb given in the bracket after each blank.

(i) We (a) ______ (go) to the Darjeeling for a picnic. It is a beautiful town which (b) ______ (lie) at the foot of a mountain range and there is a stream which (c) ______ (flow) near the town.

(ii) He (a) ______ (eat) all the biscuits while his mother (b) ______ (sleep). Then he quickly (c) ______  (run) away.

(ii) The farmer (a) ______ (cut) the corn while the children (b). ______ (play) in the shed that I (c) ______ (see) at the end of the farm.

(iii) I (a) ______ (love) music and these days I (b) ______ (learn) to play the piano. Mrs. Singh (c)  ______  (teach) me very patiently.

(iv) She (a) ______ (read) a lot of books and (b) ______ (take) pride in it. Look! Even now she (c)  ______  (read) a story book.

(v) We (a) ______ (wait) for Pawan. We (b) ______ (go) to see a movie that (c) ______ (start) at 3 p.m.

Q2: Fill in the blanks with Simple Past or Past Continuous form of the verb given in the brackets after each blank.

(i) He (a) ______ (worry) because he (b) ______ (know) that he (c) ______ (be) late.

(iii) The teacher (a) ______ (punish) Heena. She (b) ______ She (c) (promise) never to lie again.

(iv) We (a) ______ (see) beautiful fishes, they were (b) ______ (play) games with each other. They happily (c) ______ (jump) in and out of the water.

(v) The movie we (a) ______ (see) yesterday was very (b) ______ (frighten). I kept (c) ______ (scream) throughout the movie.

Q3: Fill in the blanks with Simple Past, Past Continuous, Simple Present or Present Continuous form of the verb given in the bracket after each blank.

I was at Mr. Gupta’s toy shop this morning. I (a) ______ (look) for a gift for Mohit. It (b) ______  (be) his birthday today and he (c) ______ (throw) a party in the evening. I (d) ______ (see) a small green car in the shop. Since Mohit (e) ______ (love) rocks, I (f) ______ (decide) to buy it for him. I (g)  ______ (look) for Mr. Gupta when I (h) ______ (see) a policeman in the shop. The policeman (i) ______  (interview) people. I think something (j) ______ (miss) from the shop and the police (k)  ______ (try) to find the thief.

Q4: Fill in the blanks with the Simple Past or Past Perfect form of the verb given in the brackets after each blank.

(i) When I (a) ______ (reach) the station, the train (b) ______ (leave).

(ii) The boy (a) ______ (decide) to free the bird but it (b) ______ (die) two days ago.

(iii) He (a) ______ (finish) all the work, when we (b) ______ (reach) the office.

(iv) The teacher (a) ______ (teach) the lesson when I (b) ______ (join) the school.

(v) The robbers (a) ______ (escape) by the time the police (b) ______ (arrive).

Q5: Fill in the blanks with the Simple Present or Present Perfect form of the verb given in the brackets after each blank.

(i) This dress (a) __________ (look) beautiful. I (b) __________ (buy) it for you.
(ii) I(a) __________ (play) daily and this (b) __________ (be) the best match ever.
(iii) l(a) __________ (love) ghost stories and I (b) __________ (hear) many ever.
(iv) Although I (a) __________ (know) him I (b) __________ (forget) his name.
(v) The shop (a) __________  (give) little choice but I (b) __________ (select) my gift.

Q6: Given below is a news report. Complete it by using the suitable form of the verb given after each blank.

Truck Collides With School Bus
In a tragic accident last evening, a truck (a) ______ (collide) with a school bus on the National Highway. The accident is (b) ______ (report) to (c) ______ (occur) at 6 p.m. The school bus (d) ______ (carry) forty children (e) ______ (return) from a picnic. Thirty-three children (f) ______ (admit), to a nearby hospital. The condition of ten is (g) ______ (say) to be critical, while the others (h)  ______ (recover). No one (i) ______ (know) the exact cause of the accident though it is suspected that the truck driver might (j) ______ (fall) asleep while driving.

Q7: Fill in the blanks with suitable forms of the verbs given in the box.

punish – make – determine – work – happy – fail – appoint – praise
The whole class (a) ______ by the Geography teacher. Sanchit is the only child who (b) ______  his project. The others (c) ______ to do their work. Sanchit is (d) ______ he (e) ______ all night to complete his project. He (f) ______ to complete his work. The teacher (g) ______  him and gave him three golden stars. She (h) ______ him the monitor of the class.

Q8: Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with will/shall the verbs given in the box below.

be, get, meet, take, buy, go, look
(i) Anil : “I hear you have won a lottery. What will you do with the prize?”
Sunil: I ______________ a new car

(ii) Riya: “Why don’t you try on your new dress?
Pooja: I don’t think it ______________ good on me.

(iii) ‘See you. I hope we ______________ again soon’.

(iv) ‘I will take you to airport today’.
‘No, thanks, Anjali ______________ me.

(v) It’s raining. Don’t go out.
You ______________ wet.

(vi) Avni has invited me to her sister’s marriage.
But I don’t think I ______________ there.

(vii) I ______________ very thankful to you, sir.

Q9: Rewrite the following sentences in Future Continuous.

(i) She (write) to you in a few days.

(ii) I (not go) to town again this week.

(iii) Mr. Trump (visit) India in March.

Q10: Rewrite the following sentences in Future Perfect.

(i) By the end of this year, my father (payoff) all his debts.

(ii) By next July, he (write) his second novel.

(iii) By the year 2100, human beings (travel) to Mars.

Q11: Complete the following sentences with an appropriate participle.

(i) His ___________ coat needs mending.
(a) tattered
(b) tattering

(ii) A ___________ stone gathers no moss.
(a) rolling
(b) rolled

(iii) A ___________ opportunity never returns.
(a) lost
(b) losing

(iv) He kept me ___________.
(a) waiting
(b) waited

(v) She looked ___________.
(a) worried
(b) worrying

(vi) I saw the storm ___________.
(a) approaching
(b) approached

(vii) ___________ a noise, I turned around.
(a) hearing
(b) heard

(viii) Being ___________ he quit his job.
(a) dissatisfied
(b) dissatisfying

(ix) Being ___________ with work, I couldn’t meet them.
(a) occupied
(b) occupying

(x) ___________ by his wife, he persevered.
(a) Encouraged
(b) Encouraging

Q12: Fill in the blanks with suitable modal verbs.

I wish I (i) ___________ be a scientist. How exciting it (ii) ___________ be to go to Antartica! I (iii) ___________ be able to play with penguins and seals. (iv) ___________ be I (v) ___________ bring one back with me!. I (vi) ___________ even think of building house there.

Q13: Fill in the blanks with appropriate modals given below.

will, could, would, should, may, can

(i) Gandhiji ___________ spin everyday.

(ii) We ___________ pay taxes regularly.

(iii) ___________ you please keep quiet?

(iv) Eat so that you ___________ live.

(v) ___________ I ask you a question please?

(vi) ___________ be pleased to help you.

You can access the solutions to this worksheet here.

07. Pronoun And Its Kinds – 2 Textbook Worksheet

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Q1: Use the correct pronoun for the following underlined words.

(i) The chair is brown. (It/He)

(ii) My mother is a teacher. (She/He)

(iii) The bell is ringing. (It/They)

(iv) The three boys are flying kites. (They/It)

(v) The mobile is ringing. (It/They)

(vi) Mohan and I are going to a birthday party. (They/We)

(vii) Sarla likes to dance. (He/She)

(viii) The lion is the king of the jungle. (He/It)

(ix) The gentleman is my neighbour. (He/She)

Q2: Complete the following sentences using the suitable pronoun.

(i) The girls are playing in the garden. ______ look very happy.
(a) They
(b) She
(c) We

(ii) The boys are making a lot of noise. Please ask _____ to be quiet.
(a) They
(b) Them
(c) Him

(iii) Where is Rohan? I haven’t seen ______ in several days.
(a) He
(b) Him
(c) Them

(iv) Raju complained to the teacher. _____ bicycle has been stolen.
(a) His
(b) He
(c) Him

(v) My neighbours are some students. ______ are very noisy.
(a) They
(b) Their
(c) Them

(vi) I have invited all of _____ friends but none of _____ turned up.
(a) My, Them
(b) Me, They
(c) My, They

(vii) I have never met james and I don’t know ______.
(a) He
(b) Him
(c) His

(viii) ______ are going to movies. Do you want to come with _____?
(a) We, Us
(b) We, We
(c) We, Them

(ix) Susie is a nice girl. Everyone likes _____.
(a) Him
(b) Her
(c) He

(x) My daughters enjoy watching cartoon films. This CD is for _____.
(a) She
(b) Her
(c) Them

Q3: Choose the correct pronouns from brackets to fill in the blanks.

(i) The teacher called me _____ went to her immediately. (I/You/She)

(ii) Selina wants to play football ________ loves the game. (He/She/I)

(iii) Radha will not go to school ______ is not well. (He/She/They)

(iv) The dog was happy when we played with ______ (It/She/He)

Q4: Complete the following sentences using appropriate personal pronouns. choose your answers from the option given in the brackets.

(i) She is taller than me. (I/Me)

(ii) You are as brilliant a student as he is. (he/him)

(iii) Who is there? It is me/I (I/me/either could be used here)

(iv) They ran as fast as us(we/us)

(v) James and I are friends. (I/me/either could be used here)

(vi) If I were him, I wouldn’t do this. (him/he/either could be used here)

(vii) He is known to my brother and me (I/me/either could be used here)

(viii) All but him had fled. (he/him/either could be used here)

(ix) Is this pen yours (your/your/either could be used here)

(x) Whose coat is this?

Q5: Read each sentence and underline the pronoun.

(i) Joseph was busy and could not get it for me.

(ii) My mom, who is a nurse, works long hours.

(iii) Did you see her climb the tree?

(iv) Has anyone seen a pink baseball cap?

(v) The student in the red shirt is slightly taller than you.

(vi) These are the seeds that the gardener will plant.

(vii) Do not touch anything on the top shelf.

(viii) They were not sure if the school was north or south of the library.

(ix) Bessie is the girl whose dog got loose.

(x) Everyone was tired after the long day of work.

Q6: Complete the following sentences with this or these.

(i) _____is my favourite song.

(ii) You can use any of _____ five computers.

(iii) _____ book belong to Mohan.

(iv) _____ cookies are very tasty.

(v) ______ flowers are beautiful.

You can access the solutions to this worksheet here.

07. Pronoun And Its Kinds – 1 Textbook Worksheet

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Q1: Fill in the blanks with suitable personal pronouns.

(i) We scored as many goals as _____ (they/them)

(ii) I am one year older than as _____ (they/them)

(iii) He is as good a student as _____ (she/her)

(iv) Between you and _____ (I/me) he is a liar.

(v) Let _____ (he/him) who can, save her from drowing.

(vi) Riya and _____ (I/myself) went to kerela.

(vii) Seema is the maid ____ (whom/whome) I employed.

(viii) I have not seen the girl ____ (whose/whom) purse was stolen.

Q2: Complete the table of pronouns.

Q3: Fill in the blanks using suitable personal or possessive pronouns.

(i) I thought my bag was lost, but the one vishal found was ______.

(ii) Where is Shubham? His mother is on the call. _____ wants to talk to ______ now.

(iii) This book belongs to my friend. It is _________.

(iv) My eraser is lost. Can I borrow ________?

(v) This compass belongs to shardul verma. Give __________ back to ________.

(vi) Manish, your parents are happy for _________.

(vii) Students, Vikas is disturbing the whole class. Sit patiently or ______ will punish ______.

(viii) Virat and Rohit are brothers. _________ are helpful and caring.

(ix) This is lokesh. ______ likes to play piano.

(x) I looked for my sister, but couldn’t find ________.

Q4: Rewrite the following sentences using possessive pronouns.

(i) This book belongs to them.

(ii) That pen belongs to me.

(iii) This dog belongs to us.

(iv) This car belongs to him.

(v) This house belongs to me and my brother.

(vi) This hat belongs to you.

Q5: Error Finding.

(i) Vishal fixed the remote him selves.

(ii) Did you see the dog whom can swim?

(iii) Shilpa gave hers some biscuits.

(iv) This is the cricketer which won the best batsman Award.

(v) Vishal, you have to do the dishes yourselves.

(vi) Her doesn’t need my advice.

(vii) I know that this bike is their.

You can access the solutions to this worksheet here.