Text Book Solutions All Class

The sky

We see the sun, moon and stars in the sky. These are together called heavenly bodies. The sun is a star too and our earth is a planet while the moon is a natural satellite. All heavenly bodies in space are called the universe.

Colour the objects that you can see in the sky during the day in yellow. Colour the ones that you can see in the night in blue.

If we stand in an open place and look up, we see the sky. We see many different things in the sky at different times. During the day, we can see the sun. The sky looks bright.
We may also see clouds, birds, aeroplanes and helicopters in the sky.

In the night, the sky looks dark. We can see the moon and the stars.The Sun

The sun is a big ball of fire. It is a star. It gives us light and warmth.
Every morning, the sun rises in the East. The rising of the sun is called sunrise. As the sun rises, it spreads light and the day begins.
Every evening, the sun sets in the West. The setting of the sun is called sunset.
As the sun sets, it becomes dark and night falls.
The sun is very big but as it is very far away from the earth, it looks small.

Do you know?
We see that the position of the sun changes in the sky with time. But this is because the earth is moving around the sun and not the other way around.

The Moon

After sunset, we see the moon in the sky.

The moon gives us light at night. But this light is not of its own. It is the light of the sun which falls on the moon.
In size, the moon is much smaller than the sun. Yet, it appears big because it is much closer to the earth. In fact, it is smaller than the earth also.
The shape of the moon changes every night.

The Stars

We also see many stars twinkling in the night sky. Like the sun, they are also very hot. But, as they are far away from the earth, their warmth does not reach us. And due to their being far away, they also appear like tiny spots in the sky.

Do you know?
The first man to step on the moon was Neil Alden Armstrong.

Do you know?
In earlier times, sailors used to find their direction in the sea with the help of the stars. When the sailors saw the North Star in front of them in the sky, they knew they were moving in the North direction.

Try it out

Which of the following is not seen in the sky at night?

1. 
2. 
3. 

Let Us Revise

1. The sky looks bright during the day and dark in the night.
2. The sun is a big ball of fire. 
3. The sun gives us light and warmth. 
4. The sun rises in the East and sets in the West. 
5. It becomes day with sunrise and dark with sunset. 
6. The moon gives us light at night. 
7. The tiny, twinkling stars in the night sky are actually very hot, just like the sun.

Introduction

• Have you ever wondered how people travel to faraway places? We cannot walk everywhere, especially if the place is very far! That’s why we use different types of transport to help us move from one place to another.
• Long ago, people did not have cars, buses, or trains. They used bullock carts, horse carriages, and boats to travel. Bullock carts were pulled by strong bulls and were used to carry people and goods from one place to another. But they were slow and took a long time to reach faraway places.

Try yourself:

Which mode of transport is used to travel across water?

• A.Cars
• B.Trains
• C.Ships
• D.Aeroplanes

View Solution

Different Means of Transport

Land Transport

• Have you ever ridden a bus, car, or bicycle? These are all types of land transport because they move on roads or tracks. Long ago, people used bullock carts and horse carriages to travel, but today we have faster and more comfortable vehicles.
• Some land transport, like cars, buses, and motorcycles, move on roads. Others, like trains and trams, run on tracks. Land transport helps us go to school, visit friends, and travel to different cities. Let’s learn more about these wonderful ways to travel on land!

1. Road Transport

• Roads connect various villages, towns, and cities.
• The most common types of vehicles used on roads are buses, trucks, motorcycles, scooters, rickshaws, cars, vans and bicycles.
• A bus can carry a large number of passengers, approximately 50 to 60.

2. Rail Transport

• Rail transport refers to the movement of people or goods using rails or tracks. 
•  This includes different types of trains, such as passenger trains and freight trains. 
•  It also covers metros and trams. 
•  Compared to road transport, rail transport is capable of carrying a larger number of people and goods. 

Air Transport

• Air transport refers to all types of transportation that occur in the sky, including aeroplanes and helicopters.
• It is the fastest way to travel, allowing connections between major cities in a short time.
• However, air travel can be quite expensive.
• With air transport, it is possible to reach another country in just a few hours or sometimes within a day.
• Hot air balloons and blimps are types of flying technology often used for fun rides.
• A rocket is a type of flying vehicle designed for space exploration or as an airborne weapon.

Water Transport

• Water transport includes various types of vehicles such as boats, ships, steamers, yachts, and submarines. 
• Steamers and boats travel along large rivers, while ships navigate in oceans and seas, transporting both passengers and goods from one location to another. 
•  Compared to other forms of transport like road, rail, or air transport, water transport is generally slower. 
•  A yacht is a medium-sized sailing vessel designed for private activities such as cruising or racing, and it is not used for commercial purposes. 

• Submarine: A submarine is a watercraft designed to operate completely underwater in the sea for a long period. Submarines are most noticeable in navies and are used for military purposes. However, they are also used by scientists to travel deep into the sea to study deep-water sea life.

Try yourself:

Which type of transport is known for being the fastest way to travel between major cities?

• A.Road Transport
• B.Rail Transport
• C.Air Transport
• D.Water Transport

View Solution

What is Personal and Public Transport?

Personal Transport

Have you seen your family use a car, scooter, or bicycle to travel? These are types of personal transport because they belong to a person or a family and are not shared with others like buses or trains.

• Bicycles are a simple and healthy way to travel short distances.
• Scooters and motorcycles are small and can move through traffic easily.
• Cars are comfortable and can take a family to different places.

Personal transport helps people travel whenever they want, without waiting for a bus or train. It makes travel easy, quick, and comfortable!

Public Transport 

Have you ever travelled in a bus, train, or metro? These are examples of public transport, which means they are used by many people at the same time. Unlike personal transport, public transport does not belong to just one person or family.

• Buses travel on roads and stop at different places to pick up and drop off passengers.
• Trains and metros move on tracks and can carry many people at once.
• Auto-rickshaws and taxis are also public transport because different people can use them when needed.

Public transport helps people travel together, save money, and reduce traffic on the roads. It is an important way for many people to go to school, work, or other places every day!

Once Again!

• Transport makes our lives easy by helping us travel quickly and safely. 
• Whether we go by road, water, or air, there are many ways to reach different places. Imagine a world without transport—how long would it take to visit friends or go on a trip? 
• Thanks to cars, buses, trains, boats, and aeroplanes, we can explore the world with ease!

What is Food?

• Food is what we eat to get energy and grow strong. 
• It can be yummy things like fruits, vegetables, rice, or bread. 
• Food helps us play, learn, and stay healthy!

Why Do We Need Food?

• We need food to keep our bodies healthy and strong. 
• Food is like the special stuff we eat to give us energy and help our bodies grow. 
• There are all kinds of tasty foods, like fruits, vegetables, grains, and proteins, that provide the nutrients we need. 
• Just like how cars need fuel to run, our bodies need food to do all the cool things we enjoy, like playing, learning, and having fun. 
• So, food is like the key ingredient to keep us going and feeling good!

Where Does Food Come From?

We get food from plants and animals. We get foods such as fruits, vegetables, pulses, grams and nuts from plants and trees. We get food such as milk, eggs, meat, fish, and chicken from animals. We get milk from cows, buffaloes and goats. 

The food items made from milk are called dairy products. Dairy products include curd, cheese, butter, ghee and cottage cheese.

Different types of foods help us in different ways. Fruits and vegetables keep us healthy. Pulses, grains and nuts give us energy. Milk, fish, meat and eggs help us grow. Let us learn more about this.

Types of Food

There are different types of food that our body needs to stay healthy and strong. These include:

Fruits and Vegetables

Fruits and vegetables are colourful and delicious foods that come from plants. They are packed with vitamins, minerals, and fibre, which help keep us healthy and prevent illnesses. Examples of fruits include apples, bananas, and oranges, while vegetables include carrots, broccoli, and spinach.

Grains

Grains, such as bread, pasta, rice, and cereals, give our bodies the energy to play, think, and grow. They are an essential source of fuel for our daily activities.

Protein

Proteins are like building blocks for our body, helping us grow strong muscles, bones, and skin. Foods rich in protein include chicken, fish, eggs, beans, and nuts, which help keep us fit and healthy.

Dairy Products

Dairy foods, like milk, cheese, and yogurt, provide calcium, which is vital for strong bones and teeth. Choosing low-fat or non-fat options can make them even healthier.

Healthy Fats

Certain fats, like those found in avocados, nuts, and olive oil, are good for us. These healthy fats support brain development and help our bodies work well.

Food Choices Around Us

Vegetarians 

People who do not eat eggs, meat and fish are called vegetarians.

Non-Vegetarians

People who eat eggs, chicken, meat and fish along with vegetarian food are called non-vegetarians.
Some people do not eat meat but eat eggs, plant products and dairy products.

Try yourself:

What are the types of foods that help us grow?

• A.Fruits and vegetables
• B.Pulses, grains, and nuts
• C.Milk, fish, meat, and eggs
• D.All of the above

View Solution

What are Meals?

Meals are times when we sit down to eat delicious food. We have different meals during the day that give us energy and make us strong and happy!

Types of Meals

1. Breakfast:

• Breakfast is the first meal of the day.
• We eat breakfast in the morning to kick-start our day.
• Examples: Cereal, toast, and fruits.

2. Lunch:

• Lunch is the midday meal.
• We eat lunch to refuel and have energy for the rest of the day.
• Examples: Sandwiches, vegetables, rice.

3. Dinner:

• Dinner is the last meal of the day.
• We eat dinner with our family and relax after a busy day.
• Examples: Chicken, pasta, salad.

Introduction

We all need help to do things every day. There are special people who help us in different ways. For example:

• Teachers make learning fun.
• Doctors help us get better when we feel sick.
• Police officers protect us and keep us safe.
• Shopkeepers give us things like toys, food, and clothes.

Imagine if there were no teachers to teach us at school or no doctors to take care of us when we are sick! That is why these people are important. They work hard to help us, keep us safe, and make the world a better place.

Let’s learn more about the people who help us every day. 

People Who Help Us

A grocer sells vegetables. We go to the grocer’s shop to buy fresh fruits, vegetables, and other food items.

A doctor looks after us when we fall ill. When we are not feeling well, a doctor checks us and gives us medicine to help us get better.

A carpenter makes furniture like tables and chairs. Carpenters use wood and tools to build things we use at home and school.

Try yourself:

Who is responsible for selling vegetables?

• A.Teacher
• B.Grocer
• C.Doctor
• D.Postman

View Solution

A teacher teaches us. Teachers show us how to read, write, count, and learn many interesting things.

A watchman guards our homes and offices. He stays awake at night and keeps a close watch to keep everyone safe.

A policeman or a policewoman protects us from thieves. A policeman catches thieves and makes sure everyone follows the rules.

A driver drives cars, school buses and taxis. Drivers help people travel safely from one place to another.

A plumber repairs taps and pipes. He fixes leaks and makes sure we get clean water in our homes.

A sweeper cleans the roads and our homes, too. He keeps our surroundings neat.

A postman brings our letters. He delivers them to our homes from the post office.

A gardener looks after the plants in our garden. He waters them and keeps them healthy.

A chef prepares food for us. He cooks delicious meals in restaurants and hotels.

A tailor stitches our clothes. He uses a sewing machine to make and fix clothes.

Try yourself:

What does a plumber do?

• A.Repairs furniture
• B.Teaches students
• C.Repairs taps and pipes
• D.Guards homes

View Solution

Why Are These People Important?

The people who help us are very important because they make our lives safe, comfortable, and happy.

• They take care of us – Doctors and nurses help us when we are sick.
• They teach us – Teachers help us learn new things and become smart.
• They keep us safe – Policemen and watchmen protect us from danger.
• They give us what we need – Shopkeepers sell things, and postmen deliver letters and parcels.
• They build and fix things – Carpenters, electricians, and plumbers help us by making and repairing things in our homes.

Without these people, life would be difficult. That’s why we must respect them and be thankful for their hard work!

Words to know

• Trained or Professional: Someone who is taught how to do a particular work
• Service – Work done to help others.
• Uniform – Special clothes worn by people doing certain jobs.
• Deliver – To bring something to someone.
• Repair – To fix something that is broken.
• Protect – To keep someone or something safe.
• Healthy – Feeling well and strong.
• Tools – Things used to build or fix something, like a hammer or screwdriver.

Fun Activity: Crossword Puzzle

• We have learned about the people who work hard to make our lives safe and comfortable.
• Can you name them based on the clues? Let’s solve the crossword puzzle and find out! 

Solution: