EVS for Class 2 ( Chapter Notes )

The Solar System

The solar system is like a big space family!

• At the center is the Sun, and around it move eight planets, moons, and other space rocks.
• The Sun keeps everything in place with its strong pull, called gravity.

The Sun – Our Bright Star

The Sun is the only star in our solar system.

• It gives us light and heat, which help plants grow and keep us warm.
• We see the Sun rise in the east and set in the west.

Try yourself:

What is the center of the solar system?

• A.Mars
• B.Moon
• C.Earth
• D.Sun

View SolutionThe 8 PlanetsLet’s meet all the planets that go around the Sun! 

1. Mercury (The Nearest Planet)

Mercury, the smallest planet in our solar system and the closest to the Sun, is only little bigger than Earth’s Moon.

2. Venus (The Hottest Planet)

Venus is Earth’s closest neighbor and the second planet from the Sun. It is sometimes called Earth’s twin because of its size. Even though Mercury is closest to the Sun, Venus is the hottest planet in our solar system.

Try yourself:

Which planet is considered the hottest in our solar system?

• A.Mercury
• B.Venus
• C.Mars
• D.Jupiter

View Solution

3. Earth (Our Home)

Earth is our home planet; the third planet from the Sun; it is the only place we know of where life can exist.

4. Mars (The Red Planet)

Mars, a cold, dry and dusty planet with a thin atmosphere, is the fourth planet from the Sun.

5. Jupiter (The Largest Planet)

The largest planet in the solar system and the first gas giant from the Sun is Jupiter. All of the other planets in the solar system could fit inside Jupiter.

6. Saturn (Planet having a Ring)

The second-largest planet in our solar system, Saturn, is located at a distance of six planets from the Sun.

7. Uranus (The Coldest Planet)

The seventh planet from the Sun is Uranus. It is also the coldest planet in our Solar system.

8. Neptune (The Farthest Planet)

The fourth largest and eighth planet from the sun, Neptune is also a gas giant.

The Moon – Earth’s Friend

Earth has one Moon that goes around it.

• The Moon looks bright, but it has no light of its own—it shines because of the Sun.
• It helps us see at night and affects ocean tides.

Do you know?

• Inner planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are called the inner planets because they are closer to the Sun.
• Outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are known as the outer planets of the Solar System.

How Earth Moves

(i) Rotation of Earth

• Earth spins like a top.
• It takes 1 day (24 hours) to complete one spin.
• That’s why we have day and night!

(ii) Revolution of Earth

• Earth also moves around the Sun.
• It takes about 1 year to go around once.
• That’s how we get seasons and a new year!

Fun Facts about Solar System

• The Sun is a star, and the planets go around it.
• Jupiter is the biggest planet. Mercury is the smallest.
• Some planets, like Jupiter and Saturn are made of gas, not rock.
• Our solar system is part of a big space neighborhood called the Milky Way galaxy.
• Mars has ice and may have had water long ago!
• Comets are like icy space snowballs that zoom around the Sun.

A festival is when a community comes together to celebrate its culture or religion, sharing special events and traditions. In India, we celebrate many festivals. Festivals bring the people of neighbourhood together. They unites us and brings happiness in our life.

Festivals are mainly of two types:

(i) Religious festivals

(ii) National festivals

(i) Religious Festivals

People of different religions celebrate different festivals. They spread joy and happiness among people.  Holi, Id, Diwali, Christmas, Gurpurab are some of these festivals.

1. HoliHoli is a colourful Hindu festival celebrated to welcome spring. People play with colours and water, enjoying sweets and festive foods.

2. Diwali
Diwali, also known as the Festival of Lights, is a significant Hindu festival symbolising the victory of light over darkness. People decorate their homes with lamps, burst fireworks, and share sweets.

3. Eid
Eid is a festival celebrated by Muslims twice a year. People pray, share meals, and exchange gifts with family and friends.

4. ChristmasChristmas is the birthday of Jesus Christ. This is the main festival for the Christians. The festival is for celebrating the birth of Jesus Christ. People decorate their homes, exchange gifts, sing carols, and enjoy meals with family and friends.

5. Gurpurab
Gurupurab is celebrated as Guru Nanak’s birthday. It is the festival of the Sikhs. They go to Gurudwaras and pray. Langar – a community lunch is served there.

6. PongalPongal is a harvest festival celebrated in Tamil Nadu. People thank the Sun God and nature for the harvest. They cook special rice with milk and jaggery in a pot until it bubbles over.

7. BihuBihu is a joyful festival celebrated in the Indian state of Assam to welcome the Assamese New Year and the spring season. People dance, sing, and enjoy traditional music and food to celebrate the harvest and the start of spring.

8. Onam
Onam is celebrated in Kerala. Boat races and feasts are arranged on this day. This festival is celebrated to welcome King Mahabali.

(ii) National FestivalsNational festivals are celebrated by everyone throughout the country.

1. Independence Day
Independence Day is celebrated on 15th August. It is the day of our freedom from British rule. On this day our Prime Minister hoists the National Flag at Red Fort in Delhi.

2. Republic DayRepublic Day is celebrated on 26th January. The president of India hoists the flag, and a parade is organised in Delhi at Rajpath in Delhi.

3. Gandhi Jayanti
October 2 is celebrated as Gandhi Jayanti. It is the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi. Mahatma Gandhi is remembered as the Father of the Nation. People put flowers on his Samadhi at Rajghat in Delhi.
 

What are Habits?

Habits are things we do again and again.

Habits

• We do them every day—sometimes without even thinking!
• Some habits are good, and some can be bad.

What are Good Habits?

Good habits are things we do that help us stay healthy, happy, and learn better.

Good HabitsGood habits:

• Help our body stay strong
• Help us do well in school
• Help us become kind and responsible

Try yourself:

What do good habits help us do?

• A.Watch TV
• B.Make friends
• C.Play games
• D.Stay strong

View Solution

Let’s learn some Good Habits

• Brushing Teeth: We should brush our teeth twice a day to keep them clean and healthy.

Brushing Teeth

• Washing Hands: Washing hands before eating and after using the toilet keeps us germ-free.

Washing hands

• Saying Sorry: Apologizing when we make a mistake shows that we are responsible and caring.

Saying Sorry

• Being Punctual: Being on time for school and other activities shows respect for others’ time.

Being Punctual

• Reading Books: Reading regularly improves our knowledge and vocabulary.

Reading Books

• Making Bed: Making our bed every morning makes our room look neat and starts the day on a positive note.

Making Bed

• Eating Breakfast: Eating a healthy breakfast every day gives us energy and helps us concentrate better in school.

Eating Breakfast

• Drinking Water: Drinking enough water throughout the day keeps us hydrated and helps our bodies function well.

Drinking water

• Cleaning Up After Yourself: Putting away toys, books, and clothes after using them helps keep our space tidy.

Cleaning up

• Doing Homework: Completing homework on time and studying regularly helps us learn and do well in school.

Doing Homework

• Being Respectful: Saying “please,” “thank you,” and being polite to others shows good manners and respect.

Try yourself:

Which of the following is a good habit that can help improve relationships with others?

• A.Saying “please” and “thank you”
• B.Skipping breakfast
• C.Not brushing teeth regularly
• D.Being late for appointments

View Solution

How to Start Good Habits

• Start small – Pick one habit like making your bed.
• Do it daily – Try it every day.
• Be happy – Feel proud when you remember to do it!
• Keep going – If you forget once, just try again the next day.

Benefits of Good HabitsGood habits help us:

• Stay healthy
• Be happy and kind
• Do well in school and play
• Keep things clean and tidy

Example: Brushing your teeth every day is a good habit—it keeps your teeth clean and strong!

What are Clothes? 

Clothes are the things we wear on our body to cover and protect ourselves.

Clothes

• They protect us, keep us comfortable, and make us look nice.
• We wear different clothes for playing, sleeping, going to school, or to parties.

Why Do We Wear Clothes?

• To protect our body from sun, cold, rain, and injuries.
• To feel comfortable in different weather.
• To look nice during special events.
• To follow good manners and show respect.

Types of Clothes

We wear different clothes depending on the season and the occasion. This helps us stay comfortable, protected, and stylish while enjoying various activities throughout the year.

Summer Clothes

• Light cotton clothes like T-shirts, shorts, and dresses.
• Sandals, hats, and sunglasses to stay cool in the sun.

Summer Clothes

Winter Clothes

• Warm clothes like sweaters, jackets, and woollen pants.
• Gloves, scarves, and boots to keep the body warm.

Winter ClothesRainy Season Clothes

• We wear raincoats, carry umbrellas, and use rain boots to stay dry.
• These clothes are waterproof and protect us from getting wet in the rain.

Rainy Season Clothes

Special Occasion Clothes

• Pretty dresses, shirts with bow ties, dress shoes, and accessories for parties and celebrations.
• Fancy suits, elegant dresses, dress shoes, and stylish accessories for formal events.
• Cultural outfits like sarees, kurtas, lehengas, dhotis, or sherwanis for traditional celebrations.

Uniform & special occasion clothes

Try yourself:

What type of clothes are typically worn during cultural celebrations and festivals?

• A.Seasonal Clothing
• B.Traditional Attire
• C.Uniforms
• D.Casual Wear

View Solution

Casual Wear

• Simple shirts, jeans, shorts, skirts, sneakers, and sandals for everyday activities.
• Comfy pyjamas, sweatpants, hoodies, and slippers for relaxing at home

What are clothes made of?

Clothes are made from different materials that help us stay comfortable in every season. Let’s learn about them!

Types of Materials

1. Cotton: 

• Cotton comes from plants.
• Cotton clothes are soft and cool, like T-shirts and jeans.
• We wear them mostly in summer.Cotton Clothes

2. Wool: 

• Wool comes from animals like sheep.
• Woollen clothes are warm and soft, like sweaters and jackets.
• We wear them in winter.Woolen Clothes

Try yourself:

Which material is best suited for winter clothes due to its insulating properties?

• A.Cotton
• B.Wool
• C.Silk
• D.Polyester

View Solution

3. Synthetic Fabrics: 

• These are made in factories, not from plants or animals.
• Examples: Nylon and polyester.
• These clothes are stretchy, shiny, and dry quickly.
• Used for sportswear and swimwear.

Swim Wear

4. Silk: 

• Silk comes from silkworms.
• It is smooth and shiny.
• Worn on special occasions like weddings or festivals.

Silk Saree

5. Other Materials:

• Linen: Comes from plants and is cool to wear.
• Denim: Used to make jeans.
• Leather: Used for shoes, belts, and bags.

Leather Belt

Taking Care of Clothes

• Washing: Regularly wash clothes to keep them clean and fresh.
• Drying. Dry clothes in the sun or use a dryer to remove moisture.
• Ironing. Iron clothes to eliminate wrinkles and maintain a tidy appearance.
• Storing. Store clothes properly in closets or drawers to prevent damage.

Summary

• Clothes keep us safe, comfortable, and looking good.
• We wear different clothes for different seasons and events.
• Clothes can be traditional, casual, or uniforms.
• Clothes are made from cotton, wool, silk, and synthetic materials.
• Taking care of our clothes helps them last longer.

What is a Family?

A family is a group of people who live together, love each other, and help one another.
Families keep us safe, happy, and strong!

Family

Who Are Family Members?

Family members are the people we may have in our family.

• Father – Cares for the family. May go to work, cook, clean, or help with homework.

Father

• Mother – Looks after everyone. May go to work, cook, or help us study.
  Mother
• Brother – Older or younger, plays with us and helps at home.
• Sister – Older or younger, learns new things and helps when needed.
• Grandfather – Tells stories, plays games, and gives love.
• Grandmother – Cooks yummy food and helps care for us.

Grandparents and Sibling

• Uncle – Parent’s brother. Plays, talks, and joins festivals.
• Aunt – Parent’s sister or uncle’s wife. Cares for us and may cook or work.
• Cousins – Children of our uncles and aunts. They are fun to play and grow with!

Try yourself: We should ……………….. everyone at home.

• A.Insult
• B.Abuse
• C.Respect
• D.Rude

View Solution

Are all Families the Same?

No! Families can be big or small, and each one is special in its own way.Large Family

Types of Families

(I) Nuclear Family

• A small family with parents and their children living in one home.
• They spend time together and help each other.

Nuclear Family

Try yourself:There are four members in my family: My mother, My Father, my sister & me. Ours is a _____ family.

• A.Nuclear
• B.Big Family
• C.Joint Family
• D.None of the Family

View Solution(II) Joint Family

• In a joint family, multiple generations of a family live together under one roof.
• This typically includes parents, grandparents, uncles, aunts, and their children.

Joint Family(III) Single Parent Family

• In some cases, children are brought up by either their father or mother alone.
• This arrangement is referred to as a single-parent family.

Single Parent FamilyHappy Family

A happy family is full of love, care, and fun!

Family Members helping each other

• Everyone in the family loves and helps each other.
• They celebrate birthdays with cakes and parties.
• They enjoy festivals with lights, colours, and yummy food.

A happy family also:

• Goes on trips together.
• Plays games like hide-and-seek and tag.
• Visits friends and enjoys time together.

Pets and Helpers

• Some families have helpers who clean and cook. They are also loved and respected.
  Family with Pet
• Pets like dogs and cats are part of the family too! They wag their tails or purr to show happiness.

Summary: My Family

• A family is a group of people who live together, love, and help each other.
• Family members include father, mother, brother, sister, grandparents, uncles, aunts, and cousins.
• Families can be big or small. Each one is special in its own way.
• Nuclear Family – Parents and children living together.
• Joint Family – Many family members from different generations living in one house.
• Single-Parent Family – One parent takes care of the children.
• In a happy family, everyone shares work, celebrates festivals, plays together, and helps each other.
• Helpers and pets are also loved and treated as part of the family.
• In a family, we learn to be kind, respectful, and caring.

Here is a fun revision video to help you remember all about families! Enjoy watching!

How Do We Define Air?

Close your eyes and take a deep breath. Can you feel the air filling your lungs? That’s the incredible power of air, surrounding us all the time, even though we can’t see it.

What is air?

• Air is invisible, it silently supports our every day life. 
• It’s made up of tiny, invisible particles called molecules, buzzing around us like tiny bees in a hive. 
• These molecules are what we breathe in and out, giving us the oxygen we need to live and play.

What is Wind?

• When the air starts to move, it creates something magical – wind! 
• Sometimes it’s as gentle as a whisper, caressing our cheeks with a soft touch. 
• Other times, it’s as fierce as a lion’s roar, bending trees and sending leaves swirling through the air.

Have you ever felt the wind’s playful embrace?

Moving air is called wind.

Try yourself:

What is wind?

• A.A gentle breeze that caresses our cheeks.
• B.The invisible particles that make up air.
• C.Moving air.
• D.The oxygen we need to live and play.

View SolutionAir Supports Everyday Life

• Air is like a silent partner in so many adventures! It lifts colourful kites high into the sky, letting them dance among the clouds.
•  It carries the songs of birds through the air, filling the world with music. 
• And have you ever seen a balloon soar gracefully into the sky? That’s air’s gentle push!

Guardians of the Atmosphere

• Just like we care for our homes, we need to care for our air too! 
• Sometimes, things like smoke from cars and factories make the air dirty, and pollutes our atmosphere.
• But we can be superheroes too by planting trees, which act as nature’s air purifiers, and by always keeping our environment clean and green!

Fun Facts About Air

• Did you know that air has weight? Even though we can’t see it, it presses down on everything around us, like a big invisible blanket.
• Air is also a fantastic artist! It paints the sky with breathtaking colors during sunsets and sunrises, turning the clouds into a canvas of vibrant hues.
• And here’s another cool fact – when you blow air into a soap bubble wand, it creates magical bubbles that float and shimmer in the sunlight!

Try yourself:

What is one way that air supports everyday life?

• A.It carries the songs of birds through the air.
• B.It lifts colourful kites high into the sky.
• C.It creates magical bubbles that float and shimmer.
• D.It paints the sky with breathtaking colors during sunsets and sunrises.

View SolutionConclusion

Air is more than just the space between us – it’s a powerful force that shapes and supports life on our world and fills our lives with wonder and adventure. So let’s not indulge in activities causing air pollution so as to have proper and safe air around us to breathe every day!

What Are Body Organs?

Human body is made up of many parts, and each part has a special job to do. These parts are called organs.

Human Body

External Organs (Outside the Body)

External organs are the body parts that are outside our body. We can see and touch them.

External Organs of Human Body

Some External Organs and Their Uses

Ear 

• Helps us hear sounds around us.
• We use our ears to listen to music, talk, and sounds in the environment.

Nose

• Helps us smell different things.
• We use our nose to breathe in air and enjoy pleasant smells.

Mouth

• Helps us eat and drink food.
• We also use our mouth to talk and smile.

Hands

• Helps us hold things and carry them.
• We also use our hands to write and draw.

Knee

• Helps us bend our legs when we sit or squat.
• Our knees help us walk and move.

Head

• The top part of our body where our eyes, ears, nose, and mouth are.
• Our head holds our brain and helps us think.

Eye

• Helps us see things around us.
• We use our eyes to look at pictures, colors, and people.

Arm

• Helps us lift things and carry them.
• Our arms also help us hug and play.

Leg

• Helps us walk, run, and jump.
• We use our legs to stand and move around.

Foot

• Helps us stand and balance our body.
• We use our feet to walk, run, and jump.

 Neck

• The neck joins the head to the rest of our body.
• It enables us to move our head in different directions.

Chest

• The chest is the front part of our body.

Internal Organs (Inside the Body)

Internal organs are the body parts that are inside our body. We cannot see them, but they do very important work to keep us healthy.

Some Internal Organs of Human Body

Some Internal Organs and Their Uses

• Brain – Helps us think, learn, and control our body.
  
  
• Lungs – Help us breathe in fresh air.
  
• Heart – Pumps blood to all parts of the body.
  
• Stomach – Helps digest the food we eat.
  

Try yourself:

Which organ is responsible for pumping blood inside our body?

• A.Brain
• B.Heart
• C.Lungs
• D.Stomach

View Solution

Our Five Sense Organs

Sense Organs are parts of our body that we use to see, hear, smell, taste, or feel things. We have five sense organs, which are the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin. 

The five senses

• Nose – Helps us smell things. We can smell nice things like flowers or bad smells too.
• Ears – Help us hear sounds. Some sounds are soft and sweet, and some can be loud.
• Skin – Helps us feel when we touch something. We can feel if it is soft, hard, hot, cold, smooth, or rough.
• Tongue – Helps us taste food. We can taste if food is sweet, salty, sour, or bitter.
• Eyes – Help us see the world around us – people, colours, books, and everything else!

Try yourself:

Which sense organ helps us to taste different food items?

• A.Eyes
• B.Ears
• C.Nose
• D.Tongue

View Solution

Staying Healthy with Sports & Exercise 

Exercise helps us stay fit, strong, and healthy.

• We should eat healthy food and do some physical activities every day.
• Fun exercises like swimming, running, cycling, and skipping make our body active and happy.
• Posture means how we sit, stand, and walk.
• We should sit and stand straight to keep our body strong and in a good shape.

Here is an amazing video to help you learn more about our amazing body: