Text Book Solutions All Class

Page No. 152

Draw

Q: Draw a picture of the sky as it appears in the morning, afternoon and at night, in the spaces given below.
Ans: Suggestion: 

• Morning Sky: Draw a sky with a light orange or pink color. Show the Sun rising in the east with some clouds. You can add birds flying.
• Afternoon Sky: Draw a bright blue sky with a few white clouds. The Sun is high up in the sky.
• Night Sky: Draw a dark sky with many twinkling stars and a bright Moon. You can show different shapes of the Moon, like a crescent or full Moon.

Page No. 153

Write

Q: Write down what you observe in the sky during the morning, afternoon, and at night, in the table given below. A few boxes are filled for you. You may expand your table by adding new points.

• Share your observations with your classmates and compare them. 
• Have you observed any change in the activities, and the behaviour of animals and plants at different times of a day? Discuss these changes with your friends and make a list.

Ans: 
Note: You can add more points like “morning dew on grass” for morning or “planets visible” for night.

Page No. 154

Discuss

Have you observed the changes during sunrise and sunset?
When the Sun rises:
​

Q1: How does the sky look?
Ans: The sky looks orange or pink. It is bright near the horizon where the Sun rises.

Q2: What do the birds and animals do?
Ans: Birds start chirping and flying. Animals like cows and dogs wake up and move around.

Q3: What changes do we find at home?
Ans: People wake up, open windows, and start their day. The house feels fresh and cool.

When the Sun sets:

Q1: How does the sky look?
Ans: The sky turns orange, red, or purple. It gets darker as the Sun goes down.

Q2: What do the birds and animals do?
Ans: Birds return to their nests. Animals like cows go back to their sheds. Nocturnal animals like owls come out.

Q3: What changes do we find at home?
Ans: People light lamps or turn on lights. Windows are closed, and everyone gets ready for dinner or sleep.

Page No. 156

Find out

Let us try something interesting.
1. Take a torch and a stick. Close the doors and windows to make the room dark. 
2. Hold the stick in one place and turn on the torch. Shine the torchlight on the stick. 
3. Observe the changes in the shadow of the stick, in the following situations: 
(a) Move the stick back and forth. 
(b) Change the direction of the torch. 

Ans: Observations from the Experiment:
(a) Move the stick back and forth: When the stick is moved closer to the torch, the shadow becomes bigger. When the stick is moved farther, the shadow becomes smaller.
(b) Change the direction of the torch: When the torch is moved to the left, the shadow moves to the right. When the torch is moved to the right, the shadow moves to the left.

Think and answer the following questions. 

• If we change the distance of the source of light from the stick (an object), how will the shadow change? 
• If we change the direction of the torch (source of light), how will the shadow change?

If the object is close to the source of light, the shadow is bigger. If the direction of the source of light changes, the direction of the shadow also changes. We observe that shadows in the morning and evening form in different directions. Why does this happen?
Answers to Questions:

• If the torch is closer to the stick, the shadow gets bigger. If the torch is farther away, the shadow gets smaller.
• The shadow moves in the opposite direction of the torch. For example, if the torch moves left, the shadow moves right.

In the morning, the Sun is in the east, so shadows point west. In the evening, the Sun is in the west, so shadows point east. This happens because the Sun’s position changes in the sky.

Page No. 157

Draw

Draw the position of the Sun and corresponding shadows in the images given below.
Ans:  Suggestion: 

• Morning: Draw the Sun low in the east (left side of the picture). Draw a long shadow of a tree or person pointing west (right side).
• Noon: Draw the Sun high up in the sky (center of the picture). Draw a short shadow directly below the tree or person.
• Evening: Draw the Sun low in the west (right side of the picture). Draw a long shadow of a tree or person pointing east (left side).

Page No. 159

After sunset, the sky dazzles with thousands of twinkling stars. We observe various patterns of stars in the night sky. Draw any pattern you have observed, in the box below:

Share the drawing with your friends and discuss the common patterns of stars.
Ans: Suggestion: 

• Draw a simple star pattern, like a group of 5-7 stars forming a shape (e.g., a triangle, a line, or a cluster). For example, you can draw the shape of the “Saptarshi” (seven stars that look like a spoon).
• Discussion: Talk with friends about the shapes you see in the sky. Some may see a spoon, a kite, or a group of stars that look like an animal. Share if the patterns look the same or different on different nights.

Page No. 160

Draw

Observe the Moon in the sky and draw the shapes of the Moon you have observed on different nights.

Ans: 

• New Moon – The Moon is not visible; it looks completely dark.
• Waxing Crescent – A thin, curved shape like the letter ‘C’ appears on the right side.
• First Quarter – A half-moon shape with the right half lit, like a semicircle.
• Waxing Gibbous – More than half of the Moon is lit, but not a full circle yet.
• Full Moon – A complete circle shining brightly in the sky.
• Waning Gibbous – Still mostly round, but now the left side is shrinking.
• Last Quarter – A half-moon shape with the left half lit, like a semicircle.
• Waning Crescent – A thin, curved shape like a backward ‘C’ appears on the left side

Discuss

Discuss with your friends:

• Is there a pattern to the way the shape of the Moon changes?
• Are there days when the Moon is not visible in the sky?

Ans:

• Yes, the Moon’s shape changes in a pattern every month. It starts as a thin crescent, grows to a half Moon, then a full Moon, and shrinks back to a crescent. This happens over about 28 days.
• Yes, on the night of Amavasya (new Moon), the Moon is not visible because it is too close to the Sun in the sky.

Page No. 162 – 163

Write

Q: Do you celebrate any festivals in your family or community related to the Sun or the Moon? What do you call them in your language?
Ans: Yes, we celebrate festivals related to the Moon. For example:

• Diwali: Celebrated on Amavasya (no Moon). In Hindi, it’s called “Deepavali.”
• Raksha Bandhan: Celebrated on the full Moon. In Hindi, it’s called “Rakhi.”
• Eid: Celebrated when the crescent Moon is seen. In Urdu, it’s called “Eid-ul-Fitr.”
• Pongal: A festival related to the Sun, celebrated in Tamil as “Pongal.”

You can add festivals from your own community, like “Chhath Puja” (Sun worship) or “Karva Chauth” (Moon-related).

Let us reflect

Q1: Give two differences between: 
(a) Day and night 
Ans: 

• Day has sunlight, and the sky is bright. Night is dark with stars and the Moon.
• During the day, we work and play. At night, we sleep.

(b) Sky in the morning and in the evening 
Ans:

• In the morning, the sky is orange or pink, and the Sun rises in the east. In the evening, the sky is red or purple, and the Sun sets in the west.
• Morning shadows are long and point west. Evening shadows are long and point east.

(c) Our activities during the day and at night 
Ans:

• During the day, we go to school and play outside. At night, we eat dinner and sleep.
• In the day, we use sunlight. At night, we use lamps or lights.

(d) Activities of animals during the day and at night.
Ans:

• During the day, birds fly and sing. At night, birds rest in nests.
• Day animals like cows are active in the day. Night animals like owls are active at night.

Q2: Enquire about something
A teacher said that the Sun appears to move from East to West during the day. Meera is curious about this statement and has some questions for her teacher. List at least two questions that she can ask.
Ans:

• Why does the Sun look like it moves from east to west?
• Does the Sun really move, or is it the Earth moving?

Q3: Figure it out
Suppose you stand at the same spot during the morning and the afternoon. In the morning, your shadow points in one direction, while in the afternoon it points in another. Why? Would the length of your shadow be the same at both times?
Ans: 

• Why does the shadow point in different directions? In the morning, the Sun is in the east, so your shadow points west. In the afternoon, the Sun is in the west, so your shadow points east. This happens because the Sun’s position in the sky changes.
• Would the length of your shadow be the same at both times? No, the shadow’s length is not the same. In the morning, the shadow is longer because the Sun is low in the sky. In the afternoon, the shadow is shorter if the Sun is higher, but it gets longer again as the Sun goes lower.

Q4: Get creative with words:
(a) Write your own poem inspired by the beauty of the sky. 
(b) Complete the riddle below and answer it:
Only one colour, but not one size
Appears with light, looks very nice
What is it?
Ans: (a) Poem:The sky is blue, so wide and high,
With fluffy clouds that float and fly.
At night, the stars twinkle so bright,
The Moon gives soft and gentle light.
(b) Riddle:
Completed Riddle:Only one colour, but not one size,
Appears with light, looks very nice,
It follows you when the Sun is bright,
Gone in the dark, it hides at night.
What is it?
Ans: A shadow.

Page No. 131

Activity 1

Q: You might have visited some places during your vacation. Write the name of the places and something special about them. Ask two or three of your friends about the places they had visited, and fill the table given below. 

• Which type of place do you find interesting? 
• What similarities and differences do you find in the place you visited, and those visited by your friends?

Ans: 

• I find coastal places interesting because I love playing on the beach and collecting seashells.
• Similarities and differences:
  Similarities: All places have unique food and fun activities. For example, Manali has thukpa, and Goa has fish curry.Differences: The weather is cold in mountains like Manali but hot in deserts like Jaisalmer. Coastal areas have beaches, while plains have fields.

Page No. 132

Write
Look at the picture above and write your observations: 
Q1: What kind of land do you see in the picture? 
Ans: Land type: Rural or semi-urban setting with open spaces, dirt roads, trees, and simple structures.

Q2: List the activities that people are engaged in. 
Ans: Activities:

• One women making pony tail of a girl.
• One Women is churning ( Traditional method of making butter).
• One man sitting on charpai or khat or manji ( traditional woven bed ) and drinking from glass probably lassi.
• Cow is eating chara ( grass).
• A man is bringing bundle of green fodder.
• One man is riding bicycle.
• One milkman is passing by riding on his bike , carrying three buckets of milk.
• One man is passing by riding tractor and carrying many people in trolley of tractor.
• One man is compling and carrying green fodder.

Q3: Which animals do you see in the picture? 
Ans: Cow

4. Do you notice anything unique about the clothing of the people?
Ans: Traditional attire, including sarees, salwar kameez, lungis, and turbans, reflecting cultural significance.

Page No. 133

Write

Q1: What is the most popular food in your region? Can you list the main ingredients used in its preparation?
Name of the food item: ____________________________________________
Ingredients: ___________________________________________________________
Ans:
Name of the food item: Sarson ka Sang, Makki di Roti  with ghee along with big glass of lassi.
Ingredients:

• Makki di Roti made from : Corn flour  
• Sarson ka Sang made from : Mustard leaves
• Ghee and Lassi : Both are Milk products

You can write about a dish popular in your area, like idli, dosa, or biryani, and list its ingredients.

Page No. 134 – 135

In the Land of Endless Sand, with Ritika
Look at the following picture and write your observations.

Ans: 

• One women is grinding grains into flour with chakki.
• A man and  a woman are dancing.
• One woman is making puppets.
• One man is making  baskets.
• Solar Panels are being installed.
• The land is completely covered by sand.

Q1: What kind of land do you see? 

Ans: The picture shows a desert. Deserts are places with lots of sand and very little water. You can see sandy ground everywhere, which is typical of deserts.

Q2: What types of plants do you see in the picture? How are they different from the plants you see in your locality? 
Ans: In the picture, there are cacti (spiky plants) and palm trees. These plants are special because they can survive in very dry places where there isn’t much water.
In your area, you might see green grass, big trees, and flowers that need lots of water to grow. Desert plants are different because they don’t need as much water and can live in hot, dry places.

Q3: Is there something unique about the way people in this village are dressed? 
Ans: Yes, the people in the picture are wearing long clothes and head coverings. This helps protect them from the hot sun and blowing sand. Their clothes are colourful, which is nice to look at and might be part of their culture.

Q4: How do you think people travel in deserts? 
Ans: People in the desert use camels to travel. Camels are like big animals that can carry things and walk for a long time without needing much water. They are perfect for travelling in the desert.
Sometimes, people also use trucks or other vehicles, but camels are still very important because they can go where vehicles can’t.

Q5: What do you like the most in the picture?
Ans: I like how the people are working together and doing fun activities like two women carrying and balancing pots filled with water on there head and a child playing with a goat.

Page No. 137

Find out

Q: Ask your family members about the folk songs and dances from your region, and note them down in the table below.

Ans:

Ask your family about dances and songs from your area, like Lavani (Maharashtra) or Bihu (Assam), and fill the table.

Page No. 138

Discuss

Q: Why do you think water is scarce in the desert?
Ans: Water is scarce in the desert because it gets very little rainfall. The hot sun makes water dry up quickly, and there are no big rivers or lakes. People store water in tankas (water tanks) to use it carefully.

Page No. 139

On the Seashore, with Chandni 
Look at the picture given below and write your observations.

Q1: List the different kinds of activities that the people are doing. 
Ans: The people in the picture are doing many fun things at the beach:

• One child is flying a colorful kite near the shore with a life-tube on his waist.
• Two groups in a pair of two are making sandcastles using buckets and shovels.
• ​A group of people in a boat is fishing in the sea.
• Two turtles are moving on sand near the shore.
• Three boats are saiing far away.
• One whale is there in the sea.

Q2: What kinds of trees are found near the sea, and how are they different from those in the deserts and plains? 
Ans: Near the sea, you often see palm trees. These trees are tall with big leaves and can grow right along the shore.
Palm trees are different from desert plants like cacti because:

• Cacti are small and spiky, while palm trees are tall and have big leaves.
• Palm trees need more water than cacti but can still survive near the sea where there’s plenty of moisture.

In plains, you might see other types of trees like mango or banyan trees, which are bigger and have lots of branches. Palm trees are special because they can handle salty air near the ocean.

Q3: List the fun activities you would like to do on a beach. 
Ans: If I were at the beach, I would love to do these fun activities:

• Swimming : Playing in the cool water and splashing around.
• Building sandcastles : Making towers and forts out of sand.
• Flying kites : Watching my kite soar high in the sky.
• Collecting seashells : Finding pretty shells along the shore.
• Playing with friends : Having picnics and games on the sand.
• Watching boats : Seeing fishing boats come in with their catch.

Q4: What is special about the dresses people wear in the coastal regions?
Ans: People in coastal regions often wear clothes that are lightweight and comfortable because it’s usually very hot near the sea.
They might wear:

• Shorts and t-shirts: To stay cool in the heat.
• Swimwear: Like swimsuits or shorts for swimming.
• Hats and sunglasses: To protect themselves from the sun.

The clothes are usually bright and colorful, matching the beautiful blue of the sea and sky.

Page No. 141

Activity 2

Let us Create 
Use one coastal item to create a fun decor object like a photo frame, a necklace, a painted pebble, a mini basket or a sand art jar. Add your own creative twist and display your work in the class! You can use any other locally available materials to create the decor items.
Ans: You can make a fun decor item using a coastal item. For example:

• Seashell Necklace: Collect small seashells from the beach. Make a hole in each shell and string them together with a thread. Add beads for extra colour.

• Sand Art Jar: Take a small glass jar. Fill it with layers of coloured sand from the beach. Seal the jar and decorate it with a ribbon.

Use materials like shells, pebbles, or sand, and show your creation in class!

Page No. 142

Discuss

Q1: Write your observations on how the life around a coastal region differs from the life in a desert.
Ans: Coastal vs. Desert Life:

• Coastal Regions: People fish, make sand art, and eat seafood like fish curry. The weather is humid, and there are coconut trees.
• Deserts: People farm less, eat foods like dal-bati, and travel by camels. The weather is dry, and there are cactus plants.

Q2: Why is it important to keep our beaches clean?
Ans: Keeping beaches clean helps sea animals like turtles and dolphins stay safe. It also makes the beach beautiful for everyone to enjoy.

Activity 3

Can you identify these creatures? 

Ans:

Page No. 143

Discuss

Q1: What are the adverse effects of a cyclone? 
Ans: Cyclones bring strong winds and heavy rain, which can damage houses, trees, and crops. They can also harm animals and make it hard for people to get food or travel.

Q2. How can communities be better prepared for such situations?
Ans: Communities can:

• Listen to weather warnings and move to safe places.
• Store food, water, and medicines before a cyclone.
• Build strong houses that can stand against strong winds.
• Help each other by sharing resources after a cyclone.

Page No. 145

Look at the picture above and write your observations. 

Q1: What type of animals do you see in the picture? 
Ans: The picture shows animals like yaks, goats, and birds.

Q2: How are the dresses worn by people living in the mountains different from those worn in your region? 
Ans: People in mountains wear thick clothes like bakhu or jackets to stay warm, unlike the light clothes (like t-shirts) worn in my region.

Q3: Describe the trees found in the mountains.
Ans: Mountain trees like pine and oak are tall with needle-like or broad leaves. They can grow in cold weather.

Page No. 147

Discuss

Q1: How does the cold climate in mountain regions affect the way people live and dress? 
Ans: People in mountains live in wooden houses to stay warm. They wear thick clothes like jackets and shawls to protect from cold.

​Q2: What traditional clothes are worn in your region? How do they match with the local climate? 
Ans: In my region, people wear cotton sarees or kurta-pajama. These are light and cool for the hot climate.

​Q3: Why do you think certain trees, like pine and oak, grow better in the mountains? 
Ans: Pine and oak trees grow better in mountains because they can survive cold weather and rocky soil.

​Q4: How do animals like yak survive in the cold climate of Sikkim?
Ans: Yaks have thick fur to keep warm. They eat grass and can walk on steep slopes, making them perfect for mountains.

Page No. 148

Discuss

Q1: Why do you think traditional houses in Sikkim are built with wood and have slanting roofs? 
Ans: Houses in Sikkim are made of wood because it’s strong and keeps the house warm. Slanting roofs let snow and rain slide off easily.

​Q2: Does your house have any feature that is similar to the houses in the mountains? 
Ans: My house has a sloped roof to let rainwater flow away, like mountain houses.

​Q3: Why are landslides common in mountains during the rainy season? 
Ans: Landslides happen in the rainy season because heavy rain makes the soil loose on steep slopes, causing rocks and mud to slide.

​Q4: What do you think can be done to keep people safe during the landslides? 
Ans: To stay safe, people can:

• Build houses away from steep slopes.
• Plant trees to hold the soil.
• Listen to warnings and move to safe places.

Q5: What can communities do to help people who lose their homes or get affected by natural disasters?
Ans: Communities can:

• Give food, clothes, and blankets to affected people.
• Help rebuild homes.
• Work together to clean up after a landslide.

Page No. 149

Life in my Landform 
Draw the landform around you in the space given below. Name the area, the type of landform, some interesting features of the people, their professions, food, houses, plants and animals.
Ans: 

• Area: Punjab
• Type of Landform: Plains
• Interesting Features:
  • People: Friendly and hardworking.
  • Professions: Many are farmers or shopkeepers.
  • Food: Makki di roti, sarson da saag, and lassi.
  • Houses: Made of bricks with flat roofs.
  • Plants: Wheat, rice, and sugarcane.
  • Animals: Cows, buffaloes, and sparrows.

Write about your area and draw what you see around you!

Page No. 150 – 151

Let us reflect

Q1: Compare life in the mountains and plains by capturing the differences in trees, animals, houses, clothes, food, festivals, and art forms.

Ans:

Q2: Design and draw a landform by combining your favourite features from mountains, plains, coasts, and deserts.

(a) What made you choose different features for your landform?
(b) How does each feature benefit people, animals, or plants?
(c) What difficulties might people face living in your landform?
Ans:  ​

Designed Landform: A landform with mountains, a beach, fields, and a small desert.

(a) Why I chose these features:

• Mountains: They are beautiful and have cool weather.
• Beach: I love playing in the sand and swimming.
• Fields: They provide food like wheat and rice.
• Desert: Camels and cacti make it unique.

(b) Benefits of each feature:

• Mountains: Provide clean air and water for people and animals.
• Beach: Fish and shells help people earn money.
• Fields: Grow crops to feed people.
• Desert: Cacti store water for animals and plants.

(c) Difficulties:

• Mountains may have landslides.
• Beaches can face cyclones.
• Fields need a lot of water.
• Deserts have very little water.

Draw your landform with these features and explain it in class!

Page No. 119

Activity 1

 Make Recycled Paper
1. Collect materials: Old newspapers, some fenugreek seeds (methi) and water. 
2. Prepare the paper pulp: Tear the newspapers into small pieces and soak them in water. Put a small quantity of fenugreek seeds in the water and leave it overnight. The fenugreek seeds are used as a binding material. 
3. Using a grinder, blend or mash the soaked paper and fenugreek seeds, to create a wet mixture. Soaked paper can also be mashed using hands or any other available tool. 
4. Roll out: Spread the paste on a flat base and roll it out into thin sheets. 
5. Leave the rolled sheets of paper to dry. Your recycled paper is ready!
​

Page No. 120

Activity 2

Q: Colour and design the paper you have made.
Natural Colour Experiment 
Cut the recycled paper into pieces of same size. Colour them using natural ingredients mentioned in the table below. You can use any other natural ingredients as well. Make sure that the quantity of ingredients used is the same for colouring each piece of paper. Write down your observations in the table below.
Ans:
Suggestion: Colour and design: Take the recycled paper you made. Use natural colours like turmeric, spinach, beetroot, or henna to paint or decorate it. You can draw patterns or designs to make it look beautiful.
Natural Colour Experiment:

• Cut the recycled paper into equal-sized pieces.
• Use the same amount of each natural ingredient to colour each piece.
• Observe the colour and brightness (dull or bright) and fill the table below:

Note: The answers for spinach, beetroot, and henna are based on common results. You should observe and write their actual findings.

Page No. 121

Activity 3

Q: Make a greeting card, a paper mask, or any item using recycled paper.
Ans: Students, please try this question on your own.
Suggestion:

• Use the recycled paper you made to create something fun, like a greeting card or a paper mask.
• For a greeting card: Fold the paper, draw a nice picture, and write a message. You can colour it with natural dyes.

• For a paper mask: Cut the paper into a mask shape, add designs, and make holes for eyes. Tie a string to wear it.

• Be creative and decorate your item with natural colours or patterns! For Eg: Paper Baskets 
  

Page No. 122

Discuss

Q1: Do you think that we waste paper?
Ans: Yes, we sometimes waste paper. For example, we might throw away paper after using only one side or use too many tissues when one is enough.

Q2: How to reduce paper wastage?
Ans: We can:

• Use both sides of a paper for writing or drawing.
• Recycle old newspapers to make new paper.
• Use cloth napkins instead of tissue paper.
• Share books or notebooks with others instead of buying new ones.

Page No. 123

Activity 4

Different Types of Paper and Their Uses
Observe different types of paper like writing paper, newspaper, art paper, cardboard, and tissue paper. Paste small pieces of these papers and write their uses.
Ans: 

Page No. 125

Activity 5

Q: Discuss the following situations with your classmates and write which of the 5Rs (Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repurpose, Recycle) each belongs to:

Ans:
​Page No. 127

Let us reflect

Q1: What are some objects that you can make using paper pulp? Ask your teachers and elders for more ideas.
Ans: Objects you can make using paper pulp:

• Greeting cards
• Paper masks
• Decorative bowls
• Bookmarks
• Small toys or figures
• Paper Baskets

Note: Ask your teacher or parents for more ideas, like making photo frames or paper beads!

Q2: Write down one step you can take for each of the 5Rs in the boxes given below.
Ans:
​

Q3: Discuss the changes you can bring in your daily life by using 5Rs rule to avoid wastage of paper. Complete the table with your ideas for creating these changes.
Ans:

Page No. 105

Activity 1

Q1: Do you think all objects can spin? Make a list of a few objects that can spin. 
Ans: Not all objects can spin. Some objects spin well, but others don’t. Here are a few objects that can spin:

• Top
• Coin
• Bangle
• Wheel
• Fan
• Ball

Q2: Collect the objects mentioned in the table given below. Spin and observe them. Then, complete the table.
Ans:

Page No. 106 – 107

Activity 2

Q: Collect things, such as pieces of cardboard, toothpicks, an empty tube of a ballpoint pen, and other small objects. Make the following spinners. Spin them and record your observations.
Ans:

Page No. 108

Discuss

Q1: Which of the spinners did not spin properly? Discuss the possible reasons.
Ans: The spinner with the toothpick away from the centre did not spin properly. It wobbled and fell because it was not balanced. Spinners need the toothpick in the centre to spin well.

Q2: Have you noticed the position of the hole in the first two spinners? Did this difference in the position of the hole make a difference in the spinning of these spinners?
Ans: Yes, the position of the hole matters. The spinner with the hole in the centre spun well because it was balanced. The spinner with the hole away from the centre wobbled and didn’t spin properly because it was not balanced.

Page No. 110

Activity 3

Q: Collect objects, such as a leaf, an iron nail, an empty bowl (katori), a plastic bottle with a lid, pieces of stone, aluminium foil and other things of your choice. Fill a bucket with water. Before dropping the things listed in the table, guess whether things will float or sink. You may try other things too. Then, observe what happens when it is actually dropped in water. You can write ‘F’ for objects that float and ‘S’ for objects that sink.

From this activity, it can be observed that some heavy objects like iron nails sink, while lighter ones like leaves, float.
Ans: 

Page No. 111

Discuss

Q: Did all the light objects float and all the heavy objects sink? Name the heavy objects that floated and lighter objects that sank.
Ans: Not all light objects float, and not all heavy objects sink. For example:

• Heavy objects that floated: Empty steel bowl (it traps air).
• Lighter objects that sank: Iron nail (it is dense).

Page No. 112

Activity 4

Q: Let us find out whether shape plays a role in floating and sinking.

Ans: 

Page No. 113

Q1: Let us create some boats: 

• Collect some paper, cardboard boxes, ice-cream sticks, clay, adhesive tape, etc. 
• Create groups of three to four students.
• Think of how you can make a boat using some of the materials that you have. 
• Draw a picture. 
• Prepare a boat. Try to ensure that your boat is different from boats made by other groups.
• Organise an exhibition of boats in the class. 

Following are some different types of boats which can be made.
Ans: Try to build your boat all by yourself with your group. Use your own ideas, hands, and teamwork to make it special. If something is too tricky, you can ask an elder to guide you—but try doing most of it on your own! Are you ready to become boat builders? Let’s start creating and make our boats float!

Q2: Compare your boat with others’ boats.
Ans:

Page No. 114 – 115

Q1: Enquire about something
When Ravi spins a spinner, he notices that it slows down and eventually stops. He is curious about this and asks his teacher some questions. List at least two questions that he could ask.
Ans: Ravi could ask:

• Why does the spinner slow down and stop?
• How can I make the spinner spin for a longer time?

Q2: Figure it out 
(a) The following figure is bending towards the side ‘A’. What should be done to balance it?

(b) How would you make a floating object sink and a sinking object float?
Ans: (a) To balance the figure bending towards side ‘A’, add some weight to the opposite side or remove weight from side ‘A’. This will make both sides equal and keep it upright.
(b) To make a floating object sink: Add weight or change its shape to trap less air (like pressing aluminium foil into a ball).
To make a sinking object float: Make it lighter or change its shape to trap air (like shaping foil into a cup).

Q3: Do an activity
Classify the objects below based on whether they float or sink in water.
Ans:  Things that floatThings that sinkThermocolMarbleCorkCoinLeafEraserIce-cubeSpoonPumpkinPotatoLemon (in salt water)Lemon (in tap water)Tomato (in salt water)Tomato (in tap water)Wax
Candle

Page No. 85

Activity 1

Q: Connect the food items shown below with the ingredients used to make them.
Ans:

Page No. 88Activity 2

Q: Observe the pictures and answer the following questions. 
1. Put a tick (✔) on the elements that assist a grain in its journey.
Ans:

Write

Q 1: What is the role of farmers in this process?
Ans: Farmers plant seeds, water the crops, and take care of plants. They harvest the grains and send them to shops so we can buy food.

Q2: List out the missing elements in the table above. 
Ans: Missing elements that help a grain’s journey in the table above are:

• Sunlight
• Cattle
• Shopkeeper
• Cook

From the time a seed is sown, to the point when food reaches our plate, it is a remarkable journey. Can you list the roles of the different elements involved in this journey?

Roles of different elements in the grain’s journey:

Page No. 89

Activity 3

Q: Whom would you like to thank for the food you eat? Please write your answers in the following space.
Ans:

Page No. 92

Discuss

 Q1: What role does your tongue play in this process?
Ans: My tongue helps taste the food. It feels if the food is sweet, sour, or salty and helps me enjoy the flavor.

Q2: What do your teeth do to the food?
Ans: My teeth chew the food and break it into smaller pieces. This makes it easier to swallow and digest.

Q3: What happens to the food inside your mouth during this process?
Ans: Inside my mouth, the food is chewed by teeth and mixed with saliva. The tongue tastes it, and then the food is ready to be swallowed.

Page No. 93

Activity 4

Q: For a week, keep a record of the food you eat for breakfast, lunch and dinner. 
After every meal, make an entry in the following table. If you ate everything, write ‘Yes’ and add a happy smiley. If you left some food, write ‘No’ and add a sad face .
Ans:

Write

What will you do—

Q1: If someone offers you food more than you need?
Ans: If someone offers me more food than I need, I will politely say, “Thank you, but this is enough for me.” I will take only what I can eat to avoid wasting food.

Q2: If you do not like a food item on your plate?
Ans: If I don’t like a food item, I will try to eat a little bit because it’s healthy. If I really can’t eat it, I will save it for later or share it with someone who likes it.

Page No. 94

Write

Q: Enjoy Sports
Look at the picture below.

Identify the activities people are engaged in.
Ans: In the picture, people are enjoying different sports and activities. Here are the activities they are engaged in:

• Two children are playing badminton.
• One child is riding a bicycle.
• Two children are playing football.
• Two children are playing with a ball while one child is cheering.
• One child is on swing.
• Two children are sliding on a slide.
• One girl is reading book.
• One boy is sitting on the bench and looking at the other children.

This shows that everyone is enjoying playing outdoors and staying active!

Page No. 95

Discuss

Q1: Which physical activities do you do in your daily life?
Ans: I do these physical activities daily:

• Playing football
• Running in the park
• Doing yoga
• Skipping rope

Q2: How do you feel on a day when you play a lot?
Ans: When I play a lot, I feel happy, energetic, and strong. Sometimes I feel tired but in a good way.

Find out

Q: Can you name the games depicted in the pictures below?
Ans: 

Activity 5

Q: With your teacher’s guidance, practice the easy yoga poses given below for a week, and record your observations. 

Ans: After practicing yoga for a week, I feel more relaxed and my body is more flexible. I also feel calmer, can focus better in class, and have more energy throughout the day.

Page No. 97

Activity 6

Fill the table given below.
Ans: 

Discuss

Q1: Why do you think our body needs rest?
Ans: Our body needs rest to feel fresh and strong. Rest helps us recover from tiredness and keeps us ready for work or play.

Q2: Do you think it is important to rest after a busy day of exercise and play? Why?
Ans: Yes, rest is important after exercise and play. It helps my body relax, feel less tired, and get energy for the next day.

Page No. 98

Activity 7

Q: Look at the pictures of different situations given below. Put a tick (✓) for the situation where the child would feel comfortable and put a cross (✘) for the situation where the child would feel uncomfortable.
Ans: 

Page No. 99

Write

Q1: What would you do if someone’s touch made you feel uncomfortable? 
Ans: If someone’s touch makes me uncomfortable, I will say “No” and move away. I will tell a trusted adult, like my parents or teacher, about it.

Q2: If you face an unsafe situation, who would you tell? 
Ans: If I face an unsafe situation, I will tell:

• My parents
• My teacher

Q3: List two situations where you would firmly say ‘No’.
Ans: I would firmly say “No” in these situations:

• If a stranger asks me to go with them.
• If someone tries to touch me in a way that feels wrong.

Page No. 100 – 101

Let us reflect

Q1: If the following are missing, what would happen to a food grain?
Elements
Soil _______________________________________________
Water _______________________________________________
Sunlight _______________________________________________
Animals
Cattle _______________________________________________
Earthworm _______________________________________________
People
Farmer _______________________________________________
Shopkeeper _______________________________________________
Cook _______________________________________________
Ans: 
Elements
Soil: Grains won’t grow without nutrients from soil.
Water: Seeds won’t sprout without water.
Sunlight: Plants won’t grow strong without sunlight.
Animals
Cattle: Fields won’t be ploughed, and no manure for soil.
Earthworm: Soil won’t be fertile without earthworms.
People
Farmer: No one to plant or harvest grains.
Shopkeeper: Grains won’t reach shops for us to buy.
Cook: Grains won’t be cooked into food.

Q2: Design your own favourite plate of balanced diet with the food items you like. (Remember we should not waste food.)

Ans: 

 
Q3: Which activities did you enjoy during your ‘mindful eating’?
Ans: I enjoyed these activities during mindful eating:

• Feeling the food with my tongue.
• Tasting the flavor slowly.
• Chewing the food gently.

Q4: How can you keep your body strong? Write down the names of the exercises and games you would practice.
Exercises: ____________________________________________________________
Games: ____________________________________________________________
Ans: To keep my body strong, I will do:
Exercises: Yoga, Push-ups, Stretching
Games: Football, Kho-kho, Badminton

Q5: Which habits would you practice daily? Indicate your plans.
Ans:

Page No. 73

Think and Write

Q: If you had to organise a food festival in your school, which dishes would you like to include? Make a list.

Ans: If I had to organise a food festival in my school, I would include these dishes:

1. Idli and Sambhar
2. Aloo Paratha with Curd
3. Vegetable Pulao
4. Chole-Bhature
5. Fruit Salad
6. Halwa
7. Dhokla
8. Lemon Rice
9. Poha
10. Roti with Paneer Sabzi

These dishes are tasty, healthy, and come from different parts of India!

Page No. 74

Write

Q: Can you think of at least five ingredients or food items that match each of the tastes listed below? Write them down in the spaces provided.
Ans: 

Discuss

Q: Discuss in small groups and identify the food items having at least three different tastes.
Ans: Here are some food items that have at least three different tastes:

1. Fruit Salad

• Tastes: Sweet, Sour, and Astringent
• For example, fruits like apples (sweet), oranges (sour), and pomegranate (astringent) can make a fruit salad with different tastes.

Fruit Salad

2. Chutney

• Tastes: Sweet, Sour, and Spicy
• Chutney made with tamarind (sour), jaggery (sweet), and green chilies (spicy) has all these tastes.

3. Sambhar

• Tastes: Salty, Spicy, and Sour
• Sambhar has a salty taste from salt, spicy taste from spices like chilli, and sour taste from tamarind.

Sambhar

Page No. 75

Find out

Q: Find out more about a millet-based food prepared at your home.
Ans: Millet-based food is very healthy and full of nutrients. At my home, we prepare Jowar Roti using jowar flour (sorghum). It is soft and tasty. We eat it with vegetables or dal. It gives energy, helps in digestion, and is good for health.

Discuss

Q: Why do we need to eat different kinds of food items?
Ans: We need to eat different kinds of food because each food gives us different nutrients. Some give us energy, some help us grow, and some keep us healthy. No single food can give everything our body needs, so we must eat a variety of foods every day.

Page No. 77

Discuss

Q: What happens if we eat food from a single group of foods every day?
Ans: If we eat food from only one group, we may miss out on essential nutrients needed for our body to stay healthy. It is important to eat a variety of foods.

Page No. 78

Write

Q1: Can you name a few more junk food items?
Ans: Some more junk food items are:

• French fries
• Candies
• Ice cream
• Instant noodles

Junk Food

Q2: Why do you think we should avoid eating junk food?
Ans: We should avoid junk food because it has too much oil, sugar, or salt. Eating it often can make us unhealthy, cause stomach problems, or make us gain weight. Healthy home-cooked food is better for our body.

Q3: List the junk food items that you will avoid.
Ans: I will avoid these junk food items:

• Chips
• Soft drinks
• Burgers
• Pizza

Page No. 79

Activity 1

Make a Food Diary 
1. Create a food diary of your daily routine for a week. Write down what you eat in a day for breakfast, lunch and dinner. An example is given. Expand the table for a week. 
2. Encircle or Tick (✔) the food items that are healthy and put an ‘X’ mark for items which are not healthy. 
3. Identify the food groups missing in your daily routine. Discuss with your parents how these items can be included in the daily routine.
Ans:

Food Diary – My Weekly Meal Record

DaysTimeFood EatenDay 1Breakfast✔ Idli, Sambhar, Chutney
Lunch✔ Roti, Dal, Sabzi
Dinner✔ Rice, Curd, VegetablesDay 2Breakfast✔ Poha and Milk
Lunch✔ Roti, Paneer, Salad
Dinner✔ Khichdi and CurdDay 3Breakfast❌ Maggi Noodles
Lunch✔ Rice, Dal, Bhindi
Dinner✔ Roti, Egg CurryDay 4Breakfast✔ Dalia with Fruits
Lunch✔ Paratha with Curd and Salad
Dinner✔ Vegetable PulaoDay 5Breakfast✔ Upma and Banana
Lunch✔ Roti, Rajma, Sabzi
Dinner✔ Rice, Dal, Mixed VegetablesDay 6Breakfast✔ Aloo Paratha and Curd
Lunch✔ Rice, Chole, Salad
Dinner❌ Pizza Slice and Cold DrinkDay 7Breakfast✔ Boiled Eggs and Toast
Lunch✔ Veg Biryani with Raita
Dinner✔ Dosa with Sambhar

After checking my food diary, I found that fruits and green leafy vegetables were missing on some days. I talked to my parents and we decided to include a fruit in breakfast every day and add salad or spinach to lunch or dinner. This will help make my meals more balanced and healthy.

Page No. 80Find out

Q: Find out a ‘food thali’ from your region, and list its food items.
Ans: I live in North India, and a typical North Indian Thali includes:
North Indian Thali

1. Roti or Paratha
2. Rice
3. Dal (like Dal Makhani)
4. Sabzi (Paneer or Aloo)
5. Curd or Raita
6. Salad
7. Pickle
8. Gulab Jamun or Halwa

It is a tasty and balanced meal with all the important food groups.

Also, Here’s a list of food thalis from different regions of India along with their common food items,

1. South Indian Thali

• Rice
• Sambar
• Rasam
• Idli or Dosa
• Coconut Chutney
• Vegetable curry
• Curd
• Papad
• Payasam (sweet)

Dosa Sambar

2. West Indian Thali (Gujarat)

• Roti (called Rotli)
• Dal
• Rice
• Vegetable Sabzi
• Kadhi (curd-based curry)
• Pickle
• Papad
• Dhokla or Thepla
• Sweet (like Mohanthal)

3. East Indian Thali (West Bengal)

• Rice
• Dal (lentils)
• Aloo Bhaja (fried potato)
• Fish curry
• Mixed vegetables
• Chutney
• Rasgulla or Sandesh (sweet)

Page No. 81

Write

Q: Identify different methods used to cook the food items given in the list below. One example is given for you. You can take help from your family members and add more items to the list.
Ans: 
Page No. 82Discuss

Q 1: Do you help in cooking at home?
Ans: Yes, I help in cooking at home. I help my parents by washing vegetables, mixing ingredients, or setting the table.

Q2: Do you think all family members should know how to cook? Why?
Ans: Yes, all family members should know how to cook. Cooking helps us eat healthy food, saves time, and makes us independent. It’s also fun to cook together!

Page No. 83 – 84Let us reflect

Q1: Hands-on activity—food collage 
Materials: Old magazines, newspapers, scissors, glue, and a blank sheet of paper. 
Cut out pictures of food items and create a collage with three sections: energy-giving foods, body-building foods, and protective foods.
Ans: Here is a food collage with three sections:

• Energy-giving foods (like rice, bread, and oil)
  
• Body-building foods (like milk, eggs, and pulses)
  
• Protective foods (like fruits and vegetables)
  Protective Foods

Q2: Check the label 
(a) At home, pick up any one packaged food item from your kitchen. Check the label and note down the expiry date, and also two main ingredients. 
Ans: I picked up a packet of biscuits from the kitchen.

• Expiry Date: 15 October 2025
• Two Main Ingredients: Refined Wheat flour (Maida) and Sugar

(b) Why is it important to check labels before buying or eating packaged food items?
Ans: Checking labels is important because it tells us the expiry date, so we don’t eat spoiled food. It also shows the ingredients, so we can avoid unhealthy things like too much sugar or salt.

Q3: Organise a food festival 
Students may bring home-made food and organise a food festival at school. Parents may be encouraged to participate in the food festival.
Ans: We organised a food festival at our school. All students brought home-made food like idli, poha, paratha, halwa, and fruits. We decorated our stalls and shared food with our friends. Many parents also joined and brought traditional dishes. It was fun to taste different foods and learn about healthy eating.
Q4: Find and circle
Circle the words related to food in the grid below. One example is given below.
Ans:

Page No. 58

Activity 1

Q: Write names of five colourful flowers in your area.
Ans: You can try to find the names of five colourful flowers that grow in your area by looking around your garden, park, or neighborhood. You may also ask your parents, grandparents, or teachers to help you. Here is the table for your reference.

Page No. 60

Activity 2

Q: Make the model of a house using materials from nature such as clay, wooden sticks, hay, grass, leaves, etc. Decorate it with an art form of your choice. 
Ans: Here is the model of a house made using Clay.
Clay House

Activity 3

Q: Let us prepare a natural dye.
Ans: Students are encouraged to try it on their own, with the guidance of elders. Below is an image of a piece of cloth decorated using dye.

Cloth decorated using dye

Page No. 62

Activity 4

Q: Find out some traditional ways of preserving grains and vegetables at your place, and fill the following table.
Ans:

Kothi for preserving grains

Page No. 63

Activity 5

Q: Discuss with the elders in your family and write the name of the plant, its parts, and its uses, in the table given below.
Ans:

Discuss

Q1: What things should be kept in a first-aid box?
Ans: A first-aid box should have the following items:

• Band-aids
• Antiseptic cream
• Gauze
• Scissors
• Medical tape
• Disinfectant
• Bandages
• Antibiotic ointment

First aid box

Q2: Why do you think providing first-aid is important if someone gets injured?
Ans: Providing first-aid is important because it helps in reducing pain, preventing further harm, and providing immediate care until medical professionals can attend to the injury.

Providing First Aid

Page No. 65

Activity 6

Q: Find out the traditional dances and songs of your region. Perform a traditional dance with the help of your classmates and teachers for the Annual Day of your school.
Ans: Here’s a simple table showing traditional dances and songs from 6 regions of India, 

Bhangra DanceDiscuss

Q: Imagine if there is no light in your area for two days. What changes will you see in your life?
Ans: If there is no light for two days:

• We cannot study or read at night.
• It will be hard to cook or move around safely.
• We might use candles or torches, but they are not as bright.
• Daily work, like using fans or charging phones, will stop.

Page No. 66

Activity 7

Q: Talk to your elders and find out the rituals in connection to animals and plants which are celebrated in your locality. A few examples are given below.

Ans: 

Page No. 67 – 68

Let us reflect

Q1: What are the things that we use from nature in our daily life?
Ans: 

Q2: What challenges arise when we overuse natural resources?
For example, if we overuse wood from nature, our forests deplete. 
Water: __________________________________________________ 
Soil: _________________________________________________ 
Sea products: ___________________________________________ 
Any other: ______________________________________________
Ans: 
Water: If we overuse water, rivers and wells dry up, and we face water shortages.
Soil: Overusing soil makes it less fertile, so crops don’t grow well.
Sea Products: Overfishing reduces fish in the sea, affecting food supply.
Any Other: Overusing coal or oil causes pollution and energy shortages.

Q3: How can we protect the natural environment around us?

Ans: 

Q4: Design your herbal garden 
Here is a space for your herbal garden. Draw pictures of your favorite herbs in different parts of the garden and write down their names. Are there some herbs that you like less? Draw them too!

Ans: I have drawn my herbal garden with my favorite herbs like Tulsi, Mint, Coriander, and Lemongrass. I wrote their names near each plant in the garden.
I also drew Fenugreek (Methi), which I like less because it tastes a little bitter.