Text Book Solutions All Class

What is Weather?

Weather is what the sky and air are like outside. It can be sunny, cloudy, windy, rainy, or cold. What we wear, eat, and do can change depending on the weather outside.

Types of Weather

1. Sunny Days

Sunny days occur when the sun is shining brightly in the sky. During these days, the weather feels warm and nice, making it a great time for activities outside, such as playing, going for a walk, or having a picnic.

• On sunny days, it’s common to:
  • Wear light and comfortable cotton clothes to stay cool.
  • Enjoy cold drinks and ice creams to beat the heat.

2. Cold Days

Cold days are when it feels chilly outside. You might see frost or snow, depending on where you live. It’s a time to wear warm clothes like sweaters and coats, and maybe enjoy some hot chocolate or soup to stay cozy.

• Woolen Clothes: When it’s cold, wear warm woolen clothes to keep yourself cozy.
• Hot Drinks and Snacks: Enjoy hot beverages like tea, coffee, and soup, along with warm snacks.
• Quilts and Heaters: Use quilts and heaters to stay warm indoors during very cold days.

3. Rainy Days

Rainy days are when it rains a lot. The sky gets cloudy, and water falls from the clouds. It’s a good time to stay indoors, listen to the sound of rain, and maybe even splash in puddles if it’s safe.

• Rain Gear: Wear raincoats or carry umbrellas to protect yourself from rain.
• Going Out: It can be difficult to go outside when it’s pouring heavily.
• Rainbows: Rainbows form when sunlight shines through water droplets in the air.

Try yourself:

What should you wear on a cold day to stay warm?

• A.Light cotton clothes
• B.Woolen clothes
• C.Swimsuit
• D.Shorts

View Solution

4. Windy Days

Windy days are when there’s a lot of wind blowing around. You might see trees swaying and hear the sound of the wind rushing by. It’s fun to fly kites or watch the leaves dance in the breeze.

• Strong Winds: On windy days, the wind blows quickly and can carry things away.
• Staying Indoors: It’s best to stay inside with doors and windows closed during windy weather. Avoid flying kites near power lines for safety.

Seasons

Seasons refer to different times of the year, each characterized by its own distinct weather conditions. In India, there are four primary seasons: Summer, Monsoon, Autumn, and Winter. Each of these seasons brings with it a unique set of weather experiences.

1. Summer

• During the summer season, people generally opt for light and breathable clothing to stay comfortable in the heat.
• To cope with the high temperatures, it is common for individuals to seek ways to cool down, such as by drinking cold beverages or staying indoors during the hottest parts of the day.
  

2. Winter

• In India, winter is especially chilly in the northern parts of the country.
• During this season, people commonly wear sweaters and jackets to stay warm.
• Winter is also a popular time for enjoying hot beverages such as tea and coffee.

3. Spring

• Spring marks the time when nature stirs awake from its winter slumber.
• During this season, flowers start to bloom, and trees begin to sprout fresh leaves.
• The weather in spring is usually mild and pleasant, falling between the extremes of hot and cold.
  

Try yourself:

What season is characterized by flowers blooming and trees sprouting fresh leaves?

• A.Summer
• B.Monsoon
• C.Winter
• D.Spring

View Solution

4. Monsoon

• The monsoon season in India spans from June to September.
• This period is characterized by heavy rainfall, which is crucial for farmers as it provides the necessary water for crops.
• However, the intense rainfall can also lead to flooding in certain areas.
• To protect themselves from the rain, people often use umbrellas or raincoats.

5. Autumn

Overview:

• Autumn is one of the four seasons in India.
• This season is characterized by windy weather.
• During autumn, leaves start to fall from the trees.

Characteristics:

• In autumn, the weather begins to cool down after the hot summer months.
• Trees shed their leaves, which change to vibrant colours like red, yellow, and orange.
• Autumn is a great time for outdoor activities such as picnics and nature walks.

Summary

• Weather is the condition of the sky and air at a particular time.
• Sunny days are warm and bright.
• Cold days are chilly and require warm clothing.
• Rainy days are cloudy with rain.
• Windy days have strong winds.
• Seasons in India include Summer, Winter, Spring, Monsoon, and Autumn.

Try yourself:

Which season in India is characterized by heavy rainfall and is crucial for farmers?

• A.Summer
• B.Winter
• C.Monsoon
• D.Autumn

View Solution

Understanding Communication

Communication is how we share our thoughts, feelings, and ideas with each other. It involves talking, listening, and making sure we understand one another.

Communication is essential for exchanging information and ideas. It can happen through speaking, writing, gestures, or even facial expressions. The aim of communication is to ensure that others grasp what we mean while we also try to understand them.

Why Communication is Important

• To express our thoughts and ideas.
• To comprehend the feelings and perspectives of others.
• To foster relationships and connect with people.
• To address issues and work together.
• To acquire new knowledge and grow.

Try yourself:

Why is communication important?

• A.To express our thoughts and ideas.
• B.To bake a cake.
• C.To fly a kite.
• D.To race a car.

View SolutionTypes of Communication

1. Verbal Communication: This type involves sharing our ideas through spoken words, either face-to-face or over the phone.
2. Non-Verbal Communication: Non-verbal cues play a crucial role in communication. This includes gestures, facial expressions, and body language, which can convey messages without the use of words.
3. Written Communication: This form involves expressing information through written words, such as letters, notes, emails, or text messages. Written communication is often used when a permanent record is needed or when communicating over long distances.
4. Visual Communication: Visuals can be powerful tools for communication. This includes the use of images, drawings, charts, or infographics to convey messages or information. Visual communication can often make complex information easier to understand.

Importance of Different Forms of Communication

Each type of communication plays an important role in helping us share our thoughts and feelings effectively. Depending on the context and the message we want to convey, we may choose one form of communication over another, or even combine several forms to enhance understanding. For example, in a presentation, a speaker might use verbal, visual, and even non-verbal communication to ensure the audience grasps the message clearly.

Means of Communication

Means of communication are ways or tools that help us send and receive messages or information.These can range from traditional methods to modern digital platforms.Different Means of Communication

1. Telephones

• Telephones are devices that allow people to communicate by voice over distances.
• They can also be used to send text messages.
• Telephones have evolved from landline models to mobile phones, which offer additional features like internet access and various applications.

2. Computers/Laptops

• Computers and laptops are used for various forms of communication, including: emails, instant messaging, video conferencing, social media platforms and accessing online resources.

3. Social Media

• Social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, Snapchat, and TikTok are popular for connecting with others and sharing content.
• These platforms allow users to share updates, photos, videos, and messages with a wide audience, making them a vital part of modern communication.

4. Email

• Email is a commonly used method for electronic communication, enabling users to send messages, documents, and files to individuals or groups over the internet.
• It plays a crucial role in both personal and professional communication.

5. Video Conferencing 

• Video conferencing tools such as Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Google Meet, and Skype facilitate virtual meetings, allowing for both video and audio communication.
• These tools are commonly used for conferences, online classes, and remote collaboration.

6. Messaging Apps

• Besides instant messaging on smartphones, messaging apps like Telegram, Signal, and Viber offer secure and private communication channels.

7. Blogs and Vlogs

• Platforms like WordPress and Blogger facilitate blogging, allowing individuals to share their thoughts and ideas.
• Video-sharing platforms such as YouTube and Vimeo empower users to share their experiences with a global audience through vlogs.

Try yourself:Which form of communication involves the use of gestures, facial expressions, and body language to convey messages?

• A.Non-Verbal Communication
• B.Verbal Communication
• C.Written Communication
• D.Visual Communication

View Solution

Summary

• Communication helps us share thoughts, feelings, and ideas.
• It is important for expressing ourselves and understanding others.
• Types of communication include verbal, non-verbal, written, and visual.
• Communication helps in learning, solving problems, and building relationships.
• Means of communication include telephones, television, social media, emails, and video calls.
• Messaging apps, blogs, and vlogs are modern ways to communicate.
• Traditional communication includes letters, radio, and landline telephones.

What is a Neighborhood?

A neighbourhood is the area around our home.

The area around our house is our neighborhood

• It has houses, parks, shops, schools, hospitals, and other places.
• Many people live in a neighbourhood. They help and care for each other.

A good neighbourhood is:

• Clean
• Safe
• Friendly
• We meet our neighbours in parks, shops, or during festivals.
• A neighbourhood is like a big family!

Neighbours

What are the Places in a Neighborhood?

(i) Market

A market is a place where we can buy things like food, clothes, and toys.

• The shop owner is called a shopkeeper.

A Market

Different types of shops-

• Grocery shop – for food and daily items
• Medical shop – for medicines
• Stationery shop – for pencils, erasers, notebooks
• Milk booth – for milk, ice creams, and milk products

Try yourself:

What can you buy from a grocery shop?

• A.Medicines
• B.Food items
• C.Stationery items
• D.Milk and milk products

View Solution

(ii) Park

A park is a green place with trees and playgrounds.

• People go there to play, walk, or relax.
• Parks have swings, slides, and see-saws.
• We get fresh air and meet friends in the park.
• We should keep the park clean.

A Park

(iii) Post Office

A post office is where we send and receive letters and parcels. 

• We can buy stamps, postcards, and envelopes here.
• Letters are posted in stamped envelopes.A Post Office

(iv) Hospital

A hospital is where sick or injured people are treated.

• Doctors and nurses help patients feel better.
• A hospital has ambulances for emergencies.
  A Hospital

Try yourself:

What is the purpose of a hospital?

• A.To maintain law and order in the area.
• B.To teach children good manners and good habits.
• C.To provide a place for people to pray and connect with their religion or beliefs.
• D.To take care of sick and injured people.

View Solution

(v) Police Station

A police station is where police officers work.

• They protect people and keep the neighbourhood safe.
• Traffic police help control traffic on roads.

A Police Station(vi) School

A school is a place where children learn and play.

• Teachers teach us subjects, good habits, and manners.
• Schools have classrooms, playgrounds, and many students.

A School

(vii) Place of Worship

A place of worship is where people pray and show respect to their religion.

• It could be a temple, mosque, church, or gurudwara.
• These places bring people together in peace and love.

A Temple

(viii) Restaurant 

A restaurant is where people eat delicious food.

• Chefs cook the food, and servers bring it to the table.
• People enjoy meals with family and friends in a restaurant.

Let’s now watch a fun video to learn more about our neighbourhood and the places around us! 

What is a House?

A house is a place where we live with our family.

House

• It keeps us safe, warm, and comfortable.
• A house has rooms for sleeping, eating, and playing.
• It also has doors, windows, walls, and a roof.
• Our house protects us from rain, heat, cold, animals, and dust.
• It is our happy and safe space!

House protects us from rain 

Types of Houses

Houses are of different types. Many years ago, when there were no homes, people lived in caves.
There are two types of houses:

1. Kutcha houses

• They are found in some villages. 
• These houses are made of straw, bamboo, mud, clay and leaves. 
• These houses are not very strong.
  

2. Pucca houses

• They are found in cities and towns. 
• These houses are made of bricks, cement, iron, steel and glass. 
• They are strong.
  Some houses have straight roofs while some have slanting or sloping roofs. Slanting roofs do not let snow or water collect. That is why people build houses with slanting roofs in the hills.

Try yourself:What are the two types of houses?

• A.Straw and bamboo houses
• B.Pucca and kutcha houses
• C.Brick and mud houses
• D.Steel and glass houses

View Solution

Parts of a House 

We sleep, bathe, study, eat, play and do many other activities in our houses. A house has different rooms for different activities.

1. Living Room or Drawing Room 

This is the room where the family members sit together and watch television. We also receive our guests in our living room.

2. Dining Room 

This is the room where we eat our meals.

3. Bedroom 

This is the room where we sleep.

4. Study Room

This is the room where we study.

5. Kitchen 

This is the room where we cook food.

Try yourself:

What is the room in a house where we cook food?

• A.Living Room
• B.Dining Room
• C.Bedroom
• D.Kitchen

View Solution

6. Bathroom 

This is the room where we bathe.

Big houses have many rooms whereas small houses have one or two rooms only. 

Other things a house have:

• Windows: Every house needs windows to allow fresh air and light to come inside.
• Address: Each house has a unique name or number called an address. This address helps identify the house and includes the house number, the name of the road, the colony, and the city. People use this address to find our house.

Different Types of Houses

1. Igloo

• Material: Igloos are made from snow.
• Location: They are built in polar regions, where there is plenty of snow.
• Shape: Igloos have a dome-shaped design, which helps them withstand harsh weather conditions.

2. Tents

• Material: Tents are made from fabric.
• Location: They are mostly found in deserts, where they provide shelter from the sun and wind.

3. Mud House

• Material:Made from straws and mud
• Location: Formed mostly in villages

Try yourself:

Which type of house is built mostly in villages using mud and straws?

• A.Igloo
• B.Bungalow
• C.Tent
• D.Mud House

View Solution

4. Huts

• Material:Formed of mud and straws
• Location: Made in villages
• Keeps temperature cool

5. Apartments

• Small houses in tall buildings
• Location: Built in cities

6. Bungalow

• These are big houses
• Location: Made outside cities
• Requires enough space

Qualities of a Good House

A good house is a nice place to live. It should have:

• Fresh Air – Windows let in fresh air and sunlight.
• Clean Rooms – A clean house keeps us healthy.
• Safe Doors and Walls – It should keep us safe from bad weather and animals.
• Enough Space – We need space to play, sit, and sleep comfortably.
• Everything is Working Well – Taps, doors, lights, and fans should all work properly.

Who are Animals?

Animals are living things like your pets, birds, and bugs. They can move around, eat food, and some even make sounds. Animals are living beings that can move, eat, and grow. They come in many shapes and sizes, from tiny insects to massive whales.

Types of Animals Based on Size

1. Large Animals: Large animals are those that are big, like elephants, whales, and giraffes. They can be as tall as buildings or weigh as much as several cars. Examples include rhinos, giraffes, and elephants.
2. Medium Animals: Medium animals are larger than very small creatures but smaller than large animals. Examples include cats, rabbits, and foxes.
3. Tiny Animals: Tiny animals are very small creatures, often so small that you might need a magnifying glass to see them clearly! These include insects like ants, bees, and butterflies, as well as tiny rodents like mice and shrews.

Different Kinds of Animals

Animals can be classified into different types based on where they live and how they interact with humans. Here are the main types of animals:

1. Domestic Animals

• Domestic animals are those that live with humans.
• They are often kept as pets or for various tasks.
• Examples of domestic animals include dogs, cats, and parrots.

2. Wild Animals

• Wild animals are those that live freely in nature, such as in jungles or forests.
• They are not usually kept as pets because they are adapted to live in the wild.
• Examples of wild animals include lions, tigers, and elephants.

3. Farm Animals

• Farm animals are those that live on farms and in fields.
• They are often raised by people for various purposes, such as for food, labor, or other products.
• Examples of farm animals include goats, cows, and hens.

4. Aquatic Animals

• Aquatic animals are those that live in water for their entire life.
• These animals have specialized organs called gills that allow them to breathe underwater.
• Some common examples of aquatic animals include: Whale, Shark, Dolphin, Seahorse, Fish, Octopus etc.

5. Birds

• Birds are animals characterized by feathers, wings, and two legs.
• All birds have a beak, which is an essential part of their anatomy.
• While most birds are capable of flight, some species are also proficient swimmers.
• Examples of common birds include: sparrow, crow, pigeon etc

6. Insects

• Insects are animals that have six legs.
• On the other hand, arachnids, such as spiders, have eight legs.
• Insects may have one or two pairs of wings, depending on the species.
• Examples of insects include: ladybird, cockroach, housefly, butterfly,  grasshopper etc.

Try yourself:

Which type of animal has specialized organs called gills to breathe underwater?

• A.Domestic Animals
• B.Wild Animals
• C.Farm Animals
• D.Aquatic Animals

View SolutionFood of Animals

Different animals have different food habits. For example: Cows, buffalos and goats eat grass. Lions and tigers eat the flesh of other animals. Let us study the different eating habits of animals.

1. Herbivorous Animals

Those animals which eat grass and other plants are called herbivorous animals. 

For example: Cow, buffalo, goat, deer, giraffe, donkey, elephant etc.

2. Carnivorous Animals

Those animals that eat only the flesh of other animals are known as carnivorous animals. 

For example: Lion, Tiger, Leopard, Hawk, Whale etc.

3. Omnivorous Animals

Some animals like crows, bear, jackal, gorilla etc eat both plants as well as the flesh of other animals. These type of animals are known as Omnivorous animals.

Summary of Animals

    •    Animals are living creatures that can move, eat, and make sounds.

    •    They come in different sizes like big, medium, and small.

    •    Some animals live with humans, while others live in the wild, on farms, or in water.

    •    Birds have feathers, wings, and a beak, while insects are small creatures with six legs.

    •    Animals eat different kinds of food – some eat plants, some eat meat, and some eat both.

    •    Herbivores eat plants, carnivores eat meat, and omnivores eat both plants and meat.

    •    Animals are important for nature and help keep the environment balanced.

Chapter notes

IntroductionPlants and Trees

Plants are living things that grow in the soil.

• You can find plants everywhere: in gardens, parks, farms, and even on windowsills at home or school.
• Plants come in different sizes. Some are very tall, like big trees, and some are very small, like tiny herbs.

Types of Plants1. Trees

• Trees are the tallest and strongest plants.
  
• They have a thick, hard stem called a trunk that holds the tree up straight.
• Trees have many branches and leaves.
• Trees are very important because they give us shade, fresh air, and fruits.

Different trees look different:

• The banyan tree has a big, thick trunk and strong roots that grow above the ground.
• The pine tree has a tall, thin trunk and cone-shaped leaves called needles.

2. ShrubsShrubs

• Shrubs are smaller than trees but bigger than herbs.
• They have hard stems but are not as tall as trees.
• Shrubs look like bushes and usually have many branches close to the ground.
• Examples of shrubs are the rose plant which has beautiful flowers, and the cotton plant which gives us cotton to make clothes.

3. HerbsHerbs

• Herbs are small plants with soft, green, and bendable stems.
• Their stems are easy to break if you try.
• Herbs usually live for a short time, like one season or one year.
• Examples include tomato plants that give us tomatoes, and coriander plants which we use to add flavor to our food.

4. ClimbersClimbing Plants

• Climbers are special plants that have weak stems.
• They cannot stand straight on their own.
• They climb on walls, trees, or fences by holding on with their tendrils or stems.
• Some climbers spread on the ground too.
• An example is the money plant which often climbs on walls or sticks.

Plants That Give Us FoodVegetablesVegetables

• Many plants give us vegetables that we eat every day.
• Vegetables grow in different parts of plants like roots, stems, or leaves.
• Examples:
  • Potatoes grow underground as roots.
  • Onions also grow underground.
  • Brinjals (eggplants) grow above the ground on plants.
• Potatoes grow underground as roots.
• Onions also grow underground.
• Brinjals (eggplants) grow above the ground on plants.

GrainsGrains

• Grains are seeds from plants that we use to make our daily food like bread and rice.
• Some common grains are:
  • Rice. grown in wet fields called paddies.
  • Wheat. used to make flour for roti, bread, and cakes.
  • Pulses (dal). small seeds like lentils and beans that are full of protein.
• Rice. grown in wet fields called paddies.
• Wheat. used to make flour for roti, bread, and cakes.
• Pulses (dal). small seeds like lentils and beans that are full of protein.

Fruits

• Fruits grow from flowers on plants or trees.

• They are usually sweet and juicy and are good for our health.
• Examples of fruits are:
  • Apples. grow on apple trees.
  • Bananas. grow on banana plants.
  • Watermelons. grow on vines on the ground.
  • Pineapples. grow from the center of a spiky plant.
• Apples. grow on apple trees.
• Bananas. grow on banana plants.
• Watermelons. grow on vines on the ground.
• Pineapples. grow from the center of a spiky plant.

Why Are Plants Important?Essential Plant Benefits

• Plants give us food to eat every day.
• They give us fresh air to breathe by making oxygen.
• Plants help keep the soil healthy and stop it from washing away.
• Many animals live in plants or use them for food and shelter.
• We also get medicines, clothes (like cotton), and wood from plants.

What is Transportation?

Transportation means moving people or things from one place to another.

Different Modes of Transport

• It helps us go to school, visit family, or send gifts to different places.
• We use different types of transport on land, water, and air!

What are the different Means of Transport?

Means of transport or modes of transport are the various ways by which people and goods can travel.

There are three main types:

• Land Transport – like cars, buses, trains, bicycles, and bullock carts.
• Water Transport – like boats, ships, and ferries that move on rivers, lakes, and oceans.
• Air Transport – like aeroplanes and helicopters that fly in the sky.

No matter where we go—by road, water, or air—transport helps us reach our destination!

Let’s learn more about each type of transport!

Try yourself:

What is one type of water transport?

• A.Boat
• B.Aeroplane
• C.Car
• D.Bicycle

View SolutionLand Transport

The transport that runs only on land is called land transport. This mode of transport is divided into two types: roadways and railways.

1. Road Transport

• Roads are like wide paths made of solid ground.
• Cars, buses, and bicycles use these roads to travel.
• Just like how we walk on sidewalks, cars and buses drive on roads to take us to school, the park, or to visit our friends.

Road Transport

• Trucks, buses, cars, bicycles, rickshaws, motorcycles, tongas, bullock-carts, etc., are means of roadways.
• There is a large network of roads in our country.

Different modes of land transport

2. Rail TransportRailways are like long strips of metal tracks laid on the ground. Trains run on these tracks. 

Rail Transport

• When we have to travel long distances within the country, we use railways.
• Trains run on railway tracks.
• Indian Railways is one of the largest rail networks in the world.

Different modes of rail transport

Try yourself:

What are the two main types of land transport?

• A.Roadways and railways
• B.Trains and boats
• C.Airways and waterways
• D.Cars and bicycles

View Solution

Water Transport

Water transport is a way of moving people or goods by water.

Water Transport

• It includes different types of vessels like boats, ships, and ferries. These vessels travel across oceans, rivers, lakes, and canals. 
• Water transport is important for trade, travel, and recreation. 
• It allows us to transport large quantities of goods over long distances efficiently and is often used for activities like fishing, tourism, and transportation of goods between countries.

Different modes of water transport

Air Transport

Some means of transport move in the air only. Air travel is the most expensive but the fastest way to travel.

Air Transport

• Aeroplanes and helicopters are some common means of air transport.
• We can travel by an aeroplane when we have to travel to another country or to another city.
• Airplanes, jet aircraft, helicopters, hot air balloons, blimps, gliders, hang gliders, parachutes, etc., are the means of air transport

Different modes of air transportSummary: Transportation

• Transportation moves people and goods from one place to another.
• There are three main types of transportation: land, water, and air.
• Land transport includes road vehicles like cars and buses and rail transport like trains.
• Water transport includes boats, ships, and ferries.
• Air transport includes airplanes and helicopters.
• Transportation helps people travel and move things easily.

The Solar System

The solar system is like a big space family!

• At the center is the Sun, and around it move eight planets, moons, and other space rocks.
• The Sun keeps everything in place with its strong pull, called gravity.

The Sun – Our Bright Star

The Sun is the only star in our solar system.

• It gives us light and heat, which help plants grow and keep us warm.
• We see the Sun rise in the east and set in the west.

Try yourself:

What is the center of the solar system?

• A.Mars
• B.Moon
• C.Earth
• D.Sun

View SolutionThe 8 PlanetsLet’s meet all the planets that go around the Sun! 

1. Mercury (The Nearest Planet)

Mercury, the smallest planet in our solar system and the closest to the Sun, is only little bigger than Earth’s Moon.

2. Venus (The Hottest Planet)

Venus is Earth’s closest neighbor and the second planet from the Sun. It is sometimes called Earth’s twin because of its size. Even though Mercury is closest to the Sun, Venus is the hottest planet in our solar system.

Try yourself:

Which planet is considered the hottest in our solar system?

• A.Mercury
• B.Venus
• C.Mars
• D.Jupiter

View Solution

3. Earth (Our Home)

Earth is our home planet; the third planet from the Sun; it is the only place we know of where life can exist.

4. Mars (The Red Planet)

Mars, a cold, dry and dusty planet with a thin atmosphere, is the fourth planet from the Sun.

5. Jupiter (The Largest Planet)

The largest planet in the solar system and the first gas giant from the Sun is Jupiter. All of the other planets in the solar system could fit inside Jupiter.

6. Saturn (Planet having a Ring)

The second-largest planet in our solar system, Saturn, is located at a distance of six planets from the Sun.

7. Uranus (The Coldest Planet)

The seventh planet from the Sun is Uranus. It is also the coldest planet in our Solar system.

8. Neptune (The Farthest Planet)

The fourth largest and eighth planet from the sun, Neptune is also a gas giant.

The Moon – Earth’s Friend

Earth has one Moon that goes around it.

• The Moon looks bright, but it has no light of its own—it shines because of the Sun.
• It helps us see at night and affects ocean tides.

Do you know?

• Inner planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are called the inner planets because they are closer to the Sun.
• Outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are known as the outer planets of the Solar System.

How Earth Moves

(i) Rotation of Earth

• Earth spins like a top.
• It takes 1 day (24 hours) to complete one spin.
• That’s why we have day and night!

(ii) Revolution of Earth

• Earth also moves around the Sun.
• It takes about 1 year to go around once.
• That’s how we get seasons and a new year!

Fun Facts about Solar System

• The Sun is a star, and the planets go around it.
• Jupiter is the biggest planet. Mercury is the smallest.
• Some planets, like Jupiter and Saturn are made of gas, not rock.
• Our solar system is part of a big space neighborhood called the Milky Way galaxy.
• Mars has ice and may have had water long ago!
• Comets are like icy space snowballs that zoom around the Sun.

A festival is when a community comes together to celebrate its culture or religion, sharing special events and traditions. In India, we celebrate many festivals. Festivals bring the people of neighbourhood together. They unites us and brings happiness in our life.

Festivals are mainly of two types:

(i) Religious festivals

(ii) National festivals

(i) Religious Festivals

People of different religions celebrate different festivals. They spread joy and happiness among people.  Holi, Id, Diwali, Christmas, Gurpurab are some of these festivals.

1. HoliHoli is a colourful Hindu festival celebrated to welcome spring. People play with colours and water, enjoying sweets and festive foods.

2. Diwali
Diwali, also known as the Festival of Lights, is a significant Hindu festival symbolising the victory of light over darkness. People decorate their homes with lamps, burst fireworks, and share sweets.

3. Eid
Eid is a festival celebrated by Muslims twice a year. People pray, share meals, and exchange gifts with family and friends.

4. ChristmasChristmas is the birthday of Jesus Christ. This is the main festival for the Christians. The festival is for celebrating the birth of Jesus Christ. People decorate their homes, exchange gifts, sing carols, and enjoy meals with family and friends.

5. Gurpurab
Gurupurab is celebrated as Guru Nanak’s birthday. It is the festival of the Sikhs. They go to Gurudwaras and pray. Langar – a community lunch is served there.

6. PongalPongal is a harvest festival celebrated in Tamil Nadu. People thank the Sun God and nature for the harvest. They cook special rice with milk and jaggery in a pot until it bubbles over.

7. BihuBihu is a joyful festival celebrated in the Indian state of Assam to welcome the Assamese New Year and the spring season. People dance, sing, and enjoy traditional music and food to celebrate the harvest and the start of spring.

8. Onam
Onam is celebrated in Kerala. Boat races and feasts are arranged on this day. This festival is celebrated to welcome King Mahabali.

(ii) National FestivalsNational festivals are celebrated by everyone throughout the country.

1. Independence Day
Independence Day is celebrated on 15th August. It is the day of our freedom from British rule. On this day our Prime Minister hoists the National Flag at Red Fort in Delhi.

2. Republic DayRepublic Day is celebrated on 26th January. The president of India hoists the flag, and a parade is organised in Delhi at Rajpath in Delhi.

3. Gandhi Jayanti
October 2 is celebrated as Gandhi Jayanti. It is the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi. Mahatma Gandhi is remembered as the Father of the Nation. People put flowers on his Samadhi at Rajghat in Delhi.
 

What are Habits?

Habits are things we do again and again.

Habits

• We do them every day—sometimes without even thinking!
• Some habits are good, and some can be bad.

What are Good Habits?

Good habits are things we do that help us stay healthy, happy, and learn better.

Good HabitsGood habits:

• Help our body stay strong
• Help us do well in school
• Help us become kind and responsible

Try yourself:

What do good habits help us do?

• A.Watch TV
• B.Make friends
• C.Play games
• D.Stay strong

View Solution

Let’s learn some Good Habits

• Brushing Teeth: We should brush our teeth twice a day to keep them clean and healthy.

Brushing Teeth

• Washing Hands: Washing hands before eating and after using the toilet keeps us germ-free.

Washing hands

• Saying Sorry: Apologizing when we make a mistake shows that we are responsible and caring.

Saying Sorry

• Being Punctual: Being on time for school and other activities shows respect for others’ time.

Being Punctual

• Reading Books: Reading regularly improves our knowledge and vocabulary.

Reading Books

• Making Bed: Making our bed every morning makes our room look neat and starts the day on a positive note.

Making Bed

• Eating Breakfast: Eating a healthy breakfast every day gives us energy and helps us concentrate better in school.

Eating Breakfast

• Drinking Water: Drinking enough water throughout the day keeps us hydrated and helps our bodies function well.

Drinking water

• Cleaning Up After Yourself: Putting away toys, books, and clothes after using them helps keep our space tidy.

Cleaning up

• Doing Homework: Completing homework on time and studying regularly helps us learn and do well in school.

Doing Homework

• Being Respectful: Saying “please,” “thank you,” and being polite to others shows good manners and respect.

Try yourself:

Which of the following is a good habit that can help improve relationships with others?

• A.Saying “please” and “thank you”
• B.Skipping breakfast
• C.Not brushing teeth regularly
• D.Being late for appointments

View Solution

How to Start Good Habits

• Start small – Pick one habit like making your bed.
• Do it daily – Try it every day.
• Be happy – Feel proud when you remember to do it!
• Keep going – If you forget once, just try again the next day.

Benefits of Good HabitsGood habits help us:

• Stay healthy
• Be happy and kind
• Do well in school and play
• Keep things clean and tidy

Example: Brushing your teeth every day is a good habit—it keeps your teeth clean and strong!