Q3:Anil wants to find the parity of the 10th term of the Virahãnka sequence. What is the parity? A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3
Ans: The Virahãnka-Fibonacci sequence is: 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, … Parities (odd = 1, even = 0): 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1. The pattern repeats every 3 terms: odd, even, odd (1, 0, 1). For the 10th term: 10 ÷ 3 = 3 remainder 1, so it corresponds to the 1st position in the cycle (odd, 1). Compute the 10th term: 89 (9th: 55, 10th: 55 + 34 = 89). Check: 89 ÷ 2 = 44.5 (odd). Parity = 1. Answer: B) 1.
Section B: Fill in the Blanks
Q4:Solve the cryptarithm: X4 + Y = Z11. The value of X is ______.
Ans:
X4 + Y = Z11: X4 (X tens, 4 units), Y (units), Z11 (Z hundreds, 1 tens, 1 units). Solve:
Units: 4 + Y = 1 (or 11 with carry).
Tens: X + carry = 1 (or 11).
Hundreds: 0 + carry = Z. Units: 4 + Y = 11, so Y = 7. Carry 1. Tens: X + 1 = 1, so X = 0. No carry to hundreds, Z = 0. Check: 04 + 7 = 11 (Z11 = 011, Z = 0, Y = 7).
Q5: Uneek wants to find all 5-beat rhythms (sums of 1’s and 2’s). The number of ways to write 5 as a sum of 1’s and 2’s is ______.
Ans: 8 Sol: The number of ways to write n as a sum of 1s and 2s is the nth Virahãnka-Fibonacci number: 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, … For n = 5, the 5th term is 8. List: 1+1+1+1+1, 1+1+1+2, 1+1+2+1, 1+2+1+1, 2+1+1+1, 1+2+2, 2+1+2, 2+2+1 (8 ways).
Q6: Ishan has number cards with values 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. She wants to select 3 cards that sum to 21. The number of ways to select 3 cards summing to 21 is _______.
Ans:
Ishan selects 3 cards from 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 to sum to 21. List combinations:
Possible sums of 3 odd numbers (all cards are odd): Check combinations systematically.
Try: 9 + 7 + 5 = 21 (works).
Other combinations:
9 + 7 + 3 = 19 (too low).
9 + 7 + 1 = 17.
9 + 5 + 3 = 17.
9 + 5 + 1 = 15. 7 + 5 + 3 = 15.
7 + 5 + 1 = 13. 5 + 3 + 1 = 9. Only 9 + 7 + 5 = 21 is valid. Number of ways to select these 3 cards: 1 combination. Verify: No other triplets yield 21, as odd sums must be odd, and 21 is odd, but only this set works.
Section C: Word Problems
Q7: Priya and Rohan, two siblings born one year apart, celebrate their birthdays. Priya claims the sum of their ages is 25. Is this possible?
Ans: Since they are born one year apart, their ages are consecutive: n and n+1. We need n + (n+1) = 25. Solve: 2n + 1 = 25, so 2n = 24, n = 12. Ages: 12 and 13. Sum: 12 + 13 = 25, which is possible. Verify: Try other sums (e.g., 24: 2n + 1 = 24, 2n = 23, n = 11.5, not integer). Only 25 works for integer ages.
Q8:Write the next 3 numbers in the sequence: 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89.
Ans: The Virahãnka-Fibonacci sequence has each term as the sum of the two previous terms: 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, … Calculate:
11th: 55 + 89 = 144.
12th: 89 + 144 = 233.
13th: 144 + 233 = 377. The next 3 numbers are 144, 233, 377. The second is 233. Verify: 55 + 89 = 144, 89 + 144 = 233, 144 + 233 = 377.
Q9: Two consecutive numbers in the Virahãnka sequence are 987 and 1597. What are the next 2 numbers in the sequence? Find the second of the next 2 numbers.
Ans: In the Virahãnka-Fibonacci sequence (Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2):
Given 987 (Fn-1), 1597 (Fn), compute next terms:
Fn+1 = 987 + 1597 = 2584.
Fn+2 = 1597 + 2584 = 4181. The next 2 numbers are 2584, 4181. The second is 4181. Verify: 610 + 987 = 1597, 987 + 1597 = 2584, 1597 + 2584 = 4181.
Q10: A light bulb is OFF. A student toggles its switch 50 times. How many times is the bulb ON after 50 toggles? [Count ON state, 1 for ON, 0 for OFF.]
Ans: 25 Sol: Each toggle switches the bulb’s state (ON to OFF, OFF to ON). Starting ON: 1 toggle → OFF, 2 toggles → ON, etc. The state after n toggles is ON if n is even, OFF if n is odd. Here, n = 50 (odd, 50 ÷ 2 = 25 remainder 0). The light bulb is ON 25 times after 50 toggles.
Q11: Using the generalized form, find a magic square if the center number is 13.
Ans: 39 Sol: Odd numbers: 1, 3, 5, 7, … The nth odd number is 2n – 1 : n = 1 → 1, n = 2 → 3, n = 3 → 5. For the 20th odd number, n = 20: 2 × 20 – 1 = 40 – 1 = 39.
Q12: Vanshika wants to climb a 9-step staircase, taking either 1 or 2 steps at a time. In how many different ways can she reach the top?
Ans: 55 Sol: This is a classic Fibonacci-type problem. Let F(n) be the number of ways to climb n steps using 1 or 2 steps at a time. Then:F(n)=F(n−1)+F(n−2)
Because:
From step (n−1), she can take 1 step
From step (n−2), she can take 2 steps
Base Cases:
F(1) = 1 (only one way: 1)
F(2) = 2 (1+1 or 2)
Compute up to F(9):
There are 55 different ways for Vanshika to climb a 9-step staircase taking 1 or 2 steps at a time.
Q3:Anil wants to find the parity of the 10th term of the Virahãnka sequence. What is the parity? A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3
Ans: The Virahãnka-Fibonacci sequence is: 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, … Parities (odd = 1, even = 0): 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1. The pattern repeats every 3 terms: odd, even, odd (1, 0, 1). For the 10th term: 10 ÷ 3 = 3 remainder 1, so it corresponds to the 1st position in the cycle (odd, 1). Compute the 10th term: 89 (9th: 55, 10th: 55 + 34 = 89). Check: 89 ÷ 2 = 44.5 (odd). Parity = 1. Answer: B) 1.
Section B: Fill in the Blanks
Q4:Solve the cryptarithm: X4 + Y = Z11. The value of X is ______.
Ans:
X4 + Y = Z11: X4 (X tens, 4 units), Y (units), Z11 (Z hundreds, 1 tens, 1 units). Solve:
Units: 4 + Y = 1 (or 11 with carry).
Tens: X + carry = 1 (or 11).
Hundreds: 0 + carry = Z. Units: 4 + Y = 11, so Y = 7. Carry 1. Tens: X + 1 = 1, so X = 0. No carry to hundreds, Z = 0. Check: 04 + 7 = 11 (Z11 = 011, Z = 0, Y = 7).
Q5: Uneek wants to find all 5-beat rhythms (sums of 1’s and 2’s). The number of ways to write 5 as a sum of 1’s and 2’s is ______.
Ans: 8 Sol: The number of ways to write n as a sum of 1s and 2s is the nth Virahãnka-Fibonacci number: 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, … For n = 5, the 5th term is 8. List: 1+1+1+1+1, 1+1+1+2, 1+1+2+1, 1+2+1+1, 2+1+1+1, 1+2+2, 2+1+2, 2+2+1 (8 ways).
Q6: Ishan has number cards with values 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. She wants to select 3 cards that sum to 21. The number of ways to select 3 cards summing to 21 is _______.
Ans:
Ishan selects 3 cards from 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 to sum to 21. List combinations:
Possible sums of 3 odd numbers (all cards are odd): Check combinations systematically.
Try: 9 + 7 + 5 = 21 (works).
Other combinations:
9 + 7 + 3 = 19 (too low).
9 + 7 + 1 = 17.
9 + 5 + 3 = 17.
9 + 5 + 1 = 15. 7 + 5 + 3 = 15.
7 + 5 + 1 = 13. 5 + 3 + 1 = 9. Only 9 + 7 + 5 = 21 is valid. Number of ways to select these 3 cards: 1 combination. Verify: No other triplets yield 21, as odd sums must be odd, and 21 is odd, but only this set works.
Section C: Word Problems
Q7: Priya and Rohan, two siblings born one year apart, celebrate their birthdays. Priya claims the sum of their ages is 25. Is this possible?
Ans: Since they are born one year apart, their ages are consecutive: n and n+1. We need n + (n+1) = 25. Solve: 2n + 1 = 25, so 2n = 24, n = 12. Ages: 12 and 13. Sum: 12 + 13 = 25, which is possible. Verify: Try other sums (e.g., 24: 2n + 1 = 24, 2n = 23, n = 11.5, not integer). Only 25 works for integer ages.
Q8:Write the next 3 numbers in the sequence: 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89.
Ans: The Virahãnka-Fibonacci sequence has each term as the sum of the two previous terms: 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, … Calculate:
11th: 55 + 89 = 144.
12th: 89 + 144 = 233.
13th: 144 + 233 = 377. The next 3 numbers are 144, 233, 377. The second is 233. Verify: 55 + 89 = 144, 89 + 144 = 233, 144 + 233 = 377.
Q9: Two consecutive numbers in the Virahãnka sequence are 987 and 1597. What are the next 2 numbers in the sequence? Find the second of the next 2 numbers.
Ans: In the Virahãnka-Fibonacci sequence (Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2):
Given 987 (Fn-1), 1597 (Fn), compute next terms:
Fn+1 = 987 + 1597 = 2584.
Fn+2 = 1597 + 2584 = 4181. The next 2 numbers are 2584, 4181. The second is 4181. Verify: 610 + 987 = 1597, 987 + 1597 = 2584, 1597 + 2584 = 4181.
Q10: A light bulb is OFF. A student toggles its switch 50 times. How many times is the bulb ON after 50 toggles? [Count ON state, 1 for ON, 0 for OFF.]
Ans: 25 Sol: Each toggle switches the bulb’s state (ON to OFF, OFF to ON). Starting ON: 1 toggle → OFF, 2 toggles → ON, etc. The state after n toggles is ON if n is even, OFF if n is odd. Here, n = 50 (odd, 50 ÷ 2 = 25 remainder 0). The light bulb is ON 25 times after 50 toggles.
Q11: Using the generalized form, find a magic square if the center number is 13.
Ans: 39 Sol: Odd numbers: 1, 3, 5, 7, … The nth odd number is 2n – 1 : n = 1 → 1, n = 2 → 3, n = 3 → 5. For the 20th odd number, n = 20: 2 × 20 – 1 = 40 – 1 = 39.
Q12: Vanshika wants to climb a 9-step staircase, taking either 1 or 2 steps at a time. In how many different ways can she reach the top?
Ans: 55 Sol: This is a classic Fibonacci-type problem. Let F(n) be the number of ways to climb n steps using 1 or 2 steps at a time. Then:F(n)=F(n−1)+F(n−2)
Because:
From step (n−1), she can take 1 step
From step (n−2), she can take 2 steps
Base Cases:
F(1) = 1 (only one way: 1)
F(2) = 2 (1+1 or 2)
Compute up to F(9):
There are 55 different ways for Vanshika to climb a 9-step staircase taking 1 or 2 steps at a time.
Q1. Classify the following pairs of lines as Parallel (P), Perpendicular (⊥), or Intersecting (I): a) Opposite edges of a book b) Hands of a clock at 9:00 c) Letter “T” d) Railway tracks e) Corners of a window frame
Sol:a) Opposite edges of a book The top and bottom (or left and right) edges of a closed book run side by side and never meet, even if extended. ⇒ Parallel (P)
b) Hands of a clock at 9:00 At 9:00, the minute hand points at 12 and the hour hand points at 9. These hands form a right angle. ⇒ Perpendicular (⊥)
c) Letter “T” The vertical and horizontal lines in the letter T meet at a right angle. ⇒ Perpendicular (⊥)
d) Railway tracks Railway tracks are always the same distance apart and never cross each other. ⇒ Parallel (P)
e) Corners of a window frame The edges of a window meet at the corners to form right angles. ⇒ Perpendicular (⊥)
Section B: Numerical Based Questions
Q2.Two lines intersect to form four angles. If one angle is 70°, find the measures of the other three angles.
Sol: Vertically opposite angle = 70° (equal).
Linear pair angles: 180°−70°=110° (two angles of 110° each).
⇒ 70°, 110°, 110°.
Q3.In the figure below, line l∥m and transversal t cuts them. If ∠2=65°, find ∠6.
Sol: Since l∥m, corresponding angles are equal. Thus, ∠6=∠2=65°.
Section C: Theory Based Questions
Q4.Define: a) Parallel lines b) Perpendicular lines
Sol: a) Parallel lines are lines in the same plane that never meet, no matter how far they are extended. b) Perpendicular lines intersect at a right angle (90°).
Q5. Identify the type of angles formed when two lines intersect: a) Angles opposite each other b) Adjacent angles forming a straight line
Sol: a) Vertically opposite angles (they are equal). b) Linear pair (they add up to 180°).
Q6. Two railway tracks are said to be parallel. A boy standing on a bridge drops a straight stick that cuts across both tracks. What is the name of the stick in geometric terms? Also, name any two pairs of angles formed and say if they are equal.
Q1:One plate of dosa costs ₹50, and one plate of idlis costs ₹30. If x plates of dosa and y plates of idli are ordered, which expression represents the total amount earned in rupees? a) 50x – 30y b) 50x + 30y c) (50 + 30) x (x + y) d) 30x + 50y
Ans: b) 50x + 30y Explanation: The total amount is the cost of x dosas (50 × x) plus the cost of y idlis (30 × y). Thus, the expression is 50x + 30y. Option b is correct.
Q2: A flour mill takes 12 seconds to start and 6 seconds per kg of grain to grind. Which expression describes the time to grind z kg of grain, starting from off? a) 12 + 6 + z b) 12 x 6 x z c) 12 + 6 x z d) (12 + 6) x z
Ans: c) 12 + 6 x z Explanation: The total time includes 12 seconds to start plus 6 seconds per kg for z kg (6 x z). Thus, the expression is 12 + 6 x z. Option c is correct.
Q3: For a matchstick pattern, the number of matchsticks in step y is given by 4y + 1. How many matchsticks are needed for step 5? a) 22 b) 21 c) 18 d) 28
Ans: b) 21 Explanation: Substitute y = 5 into the expression 4y + 1: 4 x 5 + 1 = 20 + 1 = 21 Option b is correct.
Q4: A shop rents out chairs and tables. The net cost for x chairs and y tables is 25x + 60y. What is the cost for 3 chairs and 2 tables? a) 195 b) 206 c) 155 d) 135
Ans: a) ₹195 Explanation: Substitute x = 3 and y = 2 into 25x + 60y: 25 x 3 + 60 x 2 = 75 + 120 = 195 Option a is correct.
Q5:In a quiz, Meera’s score in one round is 5p – 2q, where p is the points for a correct answer and q is the penalty. If p = 6 and q = 1, what is her score? a) 29 b) 24 c) 28 d) 32
Ans: c) 28 Explanation: Substitute p = 6 and q = 1 into 5p – 2q: 5 x 6 – 2 x 1 = 30 – 2 = 28 Option c is correct.
Section B: True or False a)The terms 5xy and −2yx are like terms. Ans: True
Like terms have the same variables raised to the same powers. Since yx is the same as xy (commutative property), these terms can be combined.
b)If n = 4, then the value of 5n−3 is 17. Ans: True
Substituting n = 4: 5(4)−3=20−3=175(4)−3=20−3=17. The calculation is correct.
c)The expression 2y+7 has three terms: 2, y, and 7. Ans: False
The expression 2y+7 has two terms: 2y (a single term with coefficient and variable) and 7 (a constant term). Terms are separated by addition or subtraction operators.
d) 3 (x + 2) = 3x + 6. Ans: True
Applying the distributive property correctly: 3 multiplies both x and 2 inside the parentheses, resulting in 3x+6. This is an example of proper algebraic expansion.
Section C: Patterns Based QuestionQ1: Matchsticks form squares: 1 square = 4 matchsticks, 2 squares = 7 matchsticks, 3 squares = 10 matchsticks. Find the rule for n squares. How many matchsticks are needed for 12 squares?
a) Rule for n squares: Observe the pattern: 1 square → 4 matchsticks 2 squares → 7 matchsticks (4 + 3) 3 squares → 10 matchsticks (7 + 3) Pattern: Each new square adds 3 matchsticks (because one side is shared between squares). General formula: Matchsticks = 4 + 3 (n−1) = 3n + 1
b) Matchsticks for 12 squares:
Substitute n=12 into the formula:
3(12)+1 = 36 + 1 = 37 matchsticks.
Section D: Word Problems
Q1: Arjun is 6 years older than Bhavna. If Bhavna’s age is b years, write an expression for Arjun’s age and find Arjun’s age when Bhavna is 14 years old.
Ans: Expression: a = b + 6; Arjun’s age = 20 years Explanation: Arjun’s age is 6 years more than Bhavna’s, so the expression is a = b + 6. Substitute b = 14: a = 14 + 6 = 20 Arjun is 20 years old.
Q2: Maya makes matchstick patterns with W’s, each requiring 5 matchsticks. Write an expression for the number of matchsticks needed for n W’s and calculate the number needed for 10 W’s.
Ans: Expression: 5n; 50 matchsticks Explanation: Each W needs 5 matchsticks, so the expression is 5n. For n = 10: 5 x 10 = 50 50 matchsticks are needed.
Q3: Rakesh buys oranges at ₹25 each and 1 kg of flour at ₹45. Write an expression for the total cost of o oranges and f kg of flour, and find the cost for 4 oranges and 3 kg of flour.
Ans: Expression: 25o + 45f; Cost = ₹235 Explanation: The total cost is 25o + 45f. Substitute o = 4 and f = 3: 25 x 4 + 45 x 3 = 100 + 135 = 235 The cost is ₹235.
Q4: The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 5 times the side length. Write an expression for the perimeter if the side length is q cm, and find the perimeter when q = 6 cm.
Ans: Expression: 5q; Perimeter = 30 cm Explanation: The perimeter is 5q. Substitute q = 6: 5 x 6 = 30 The perimeter is 30 cm.
Q5: In a quiz, Vikram’s scores in three rounds are 4p – 3q, 5p – 2q, and 3p – q, where p is points for a correct answer and q is the penalty. Find his total score expression and calculate it if p = 7 and q = 2.
Ans: Expression: 12p – 6q; Score = 78 Explanation: Add the scores: (4p – 3q) + (5p – 2q) + (3p – q) = (4p + 5p + 3p) + (-3q – 2q – q) = 12p – 6q Substitute p = 7 and q = 2: 12 x 7 – 6 x 2 = 84 – 12 = 78 Vikram’s total score is 78.
Q1: Ananya reads a three-page story every day except on Wednesdays and Sundays. How many stories would she complete reading in 6 weeks? Which expression describes this scenario? a) 5 × 3 × 6 b) (7 – 3) × 6 c) 6 × 7 d) (7 + 2) × 3 × 6
Ans: a) 5 × 3 × 6. Sol: Ananya reads a three-page story every day except Wednesdays and Sundays, so she reads on 7 – 2 = 5 days per week. In 6 weeks, she reads for 5 × 6 = 30 days. Each day, she reads a three-page story, so the total number of stories is 5 × 3 × 6.
Q2: Which expression is equal to 76 – 29 – 14 without computation? a) 77 – 30 – 14 b) 76 – (29 + 14) c) 76 – 30 – 15 d) -29 + 76 – 13
Ans: b) 76 – (29 + 14) Sol: Rewrite 76 – 29 – 14 as 76 + (-29) + (-14). Option b) 76 – (29 + 14) = 76 – 43 = 76 + (-29) + (-14), which is equivalent.
Q3: Which expression is equivalent to 4 × (7 + 3)? a) 4 × 7 + 4 × 3 b) 4 + 7 × 3 c) 7 × (4 + 3) d) 4 × 7 + 3
Ans: a) 4 × 7 + 4 × 3 Sol: Using the distributive property, 4 × (7 + 3) = 4 × 7 + 4 × 3. Option b) 4 + 7 × 3 prioritizes multiplication (7 × 3 = 21, then 4 + 21 = 25), which is incorrect. Option c) 7 × (4 + 3) changes the structure. Option d) 4 × 7 + 3 omits distributing to the 3.
Q4: Which expression matches the arrangement of 4 groups of 3 red squares plus 2 extra blue squares? a) 4 × 3 + 2 b) 3 × (4 + 2) c) 4 + 3 × 2 d) 4 × (3 + 2)
Ans: a) 4 × 3 + 2 Sol: The arrangement has 4 groups of 3 red squares (4 × 3) plus 2 extra blue squares (+ 2). Thus, the expression is 4 × 3 + 2. Option d) 4 × (3 + 2) would mean 4 groups of 5 squares each, which does not match.
Q5: Which symbol (‘<‘, ‘>’, or ‘=’) compares 156 + 278 and 157 + 275 correctly? a) < b) > c) = d) Cannot determine
Ans: b) > Sol: Compare 156 + 278 and 157 + 275. Initially, 156 is 1 less than 157. The second terms are 278 and 275, where 275 is 3 less than 278. Thus, 157 + 275 gains 1 but loses 3 compared to 156 + 278, making 157 + 275 = 156 + 278 – 2. Hence, 156 + 278 > 157 + 275,
Section B: Fill in the Blanks
Q6: Fill in the blank to make the expressions equal: 19 + 7 = __ + 9.
Ans: 17 Sol: To make 19 + 7 = __ + 9 equal, evaluate the left side: 19 + 7 = 26. Thus, __ + 9 = 26, so __ = 26 – 9 = 17. The expression is 17 + 9.
Q7: Complete the expression to make it equal: 35 + __ = 8 × 6.
Ans: 13
Sol: To make 35 + __ = 8 × 6 equal, evaluate the right side: 8 × 6 = 48. Thus, 35 + __ = 48, so __ = 48 – 35 = 13. The expression is 35 + 13.
Q8: Identify the terms in the expression 7 + 4 × 5. Write the sum of terms __.
Ans: 7 + (4 × 5), Terms: 7, 4 × 5 Sol: The expression 7 + 4 × 5 has terms separated by ‘+’. Sum of terms = 7 + 20 = 27
Q9: Fill in the blank to make the expressions equal using reasoning: 512 + __ = 508 + 7.
Ans: 3 Sol: To make 512 + __ = 508 + 7, evaluate the right side: 508 + 7 = 515. Thus, 512 + __ = 515, so __ = 515 – 512 = 3.
Section C: Word Problems
Q10: Priya spends ₹30 every day on snacks at school. Write the expression for the total amount she spends on snacks in a week from Monday to Friday. Evaluate the expression.
Sol: 5 × 30, Value: 150 Priya spends ₹30 daily on snacks from Monday to Friday (5 days). The expression for the total amount = 5 × 30 (5 days × ₹30 per day). Evaluate: 5 × 30 = 150. Thus, Priya spends ₹150 per week.
Q11: Vikram gave 80 coins to Arjun and 80 coins to Kiran last year. Arjun invested his coins and tripled their value. Kiran spent half of his coins on a charity. Write an expression for the total number of coins they have now, identify its terms, and evaluate it.
Arjun’s coins tripled: 3 × 80. = 240 coins Kiran spent half, so he has 80 ÷ 2 coins = 40 coins Total = 240 coins + 40 coins = 280 coins The total is 3 × 80 + 80 ÷ 2. Terms are 3 × 80 and 80 ÷ 2 .
Q12: Aman bought a pack of pens for ₹20 and a notebook for ₹65. He gave the shopkeeper ₹100. Write an expression using brackets to calculate the change Aman will get back and find its value.
Sol: Expression: 100 – (20 + 65), Value: 15
Aman spends ₹20 on pens and ₹65 on a notebook, totaling 20 + 65. He pays ₹100, so the change is 100 – (20 + 65). 20 + 65 = 85, then 100 – 85 = 15.
Q13:During the day, a caterpillar climbs 5 cm up a tree, and at night, it slips down 3 cm. The tree is 11 cm high, and a leaf is at the top. Write an expression for the net progress per day and determine how many days it will take to reach the leaf
Sol: Expression: 5 – 3, Days: 5 The caterpillar climbs 5 cm up and slips 3 cm down per day, so the net progress per day is 5 – 3 = 2 cm. The tree is 11 cm high. On day 1, it reaches 2 cm; day 3, 6 cm; day 4, 8 cm; day 5, 10 cm. On the morning of day 5, it climbs 5 cm from 8 cm, reaching 13 cm, which is above the 11 cm mark, so it gets the leaf. Thus, it takes 5 days.
Q14: In a parade, boy scouts march in 5 rows with 6 scouts each, and girl guides march in 2 rows with 6 guides each. Write two different expressions for the total number of scouts and guides and verify they give the same value.
Q1: Ananya reads a three-page story every day except on Wednesdays and Sundays. How many stories would she complete reading in 6 weeks? Which expression describes this scenario? a) 5 × 3 × 6 b) (7 – 3) × 6 c) 6 × 7 d) (7 + 2) × 3 × 6
Ans: a) 5 × 3 × 6. Sol: Ananya reads a three-page story every day except Wednesdays and Sundays, so she reads on 7 – 2 = 5 days per week. In 6 weeks, she reads for 5 × 6 = 30 days. Each day, she reads a three-page story, so the total number of stories is 5 × 3 × 6.
Q2: Which expression is equal to 76 – 29 – 14 without computation? a) 77 – 30 – 14 b) 76 – (29 + 14) c) 76 – 30 – 15 d) -29 + 76 – 13
Ans: b) 76 – (29 + 14) Sol: Rewrite 76 – 29 – 14 as 76 + (-29) + (-14). Option b) 76 – (29 + 14) = 76 – 43 = 76 + (-29) + (-14), which is equivalent.
Q3: Which expression is equivalent to 4 × (7 + 3)? a) 4 × 7 + 4 × 3 b) 4 + 7 × 3 c) 7 × (4 + 3) d) 4 × 7 + 3
Ans: a) 4 × 7 + 4 × 3 Sol: Using the distributive property, 4 × (7 + 3) = 4 × 7 + 4 × 3. Option b) 4 + 7 × 3 prioritizes multiplication (7 × 3 = 21, then 4 + 21 = 25), which is incorrect. Option c) 7 × (4 + 3) changes the structure. Option d) 4 × 7 + 3 omits distributing to the 3.
Q4: Which expression matches the arrangement of 4 groups of 3 red squares plus 2 extra blue squares? a) 4 × 3 + 2 b) 3 × (4 + 2) c) 4 + 3 × 2 d) 4 × (3 + 2)
Ans: a) 4 × 3 + 2 Sol: The arrangement has 4 groups of 3 red squares (4 × 3) plus 2 extra blue squares (+ 2). Thus, the expression is 4 × 3 + 2. Option d) 4 × (3 + 2) would mean 4 groups of 5 squares each, which does not match.
Q5: Which symbol (‘<‘, ‘>’, or ‘=’) compares 156 + 278 and 157 + 275 correctly? a) < b) > c) = d) Cannot determine
Ans: b) > Sol: Compare 156 + 278 and 157 + 275. Initially, 156 is 1 less than 157. The second terms are 278 and 275, where 275 is 3 less than 278. Thus, 157 + 275 gains 1 but loses 3 compared to 156 + 278, making 157 + 275 = 156 + 278 – 2. Hence, 156 + 278 > 157 + 275,
Section B: Fill in the Blanks
Q6: Fill in the blank to make the expressions equal: 19 + 7 = __ + 9.
Ans: 17 Sol: To make 19 + 7 = __ + 9 equal, evaluate the left side: 19 + 7 = 26. Thus, __ + 9 = 26, so __ = 26 – 9 = 17. The expression is 17 + 9.
Q7: Complete the expression to make it equal: 35 + __ = 8 × 6.
Ans: 13
Sol: To make 35 + __ = 8 × 6 equal, evaluate the right side: 8 × 6 = 48. Thus, 35 + __ = 48, so __ = 48 – 35 = 13. The expression is 35 + 13.
Q8: Identify the terms in the expression 7 + 4 × 5. Write the sum of terms __.
Ans: 7 + (4 × 5), Terms: 7, 4 × 5 Sol: The expression 7 + 4 × 5 has terms separated by ‘+’. Sum of terms = 7 + 20 = 27
Q9: Fill in the blank to make the expressions equal using reasoning: 512 + __ = 508 + 7.
Ans: 3 Sol: To make 512 + __ = 508 + 7, evaluate the right side: 508 + 7 = 515. Thus, 512 + __ = 515, so __ = 515 – 512 = 3.
Section C: Word Problems
Q10: Priya spends ₹30 every day on snacks at school. Write the expression for the total amount she spends on snacks in a week from Monday to Friday. Evaluate the expression.
Sol: 5 × 30, Value: 150 Priya spends ₹30 daily on snacks from Monday to Friday (5 days). The expression for the total amount = 5 × 30 (5 days × ₹30 per day). Evaluate: 5 × 30 = 150. Thus, Priya spends ₹150 per week.
Q11: Vikram gave 80 coins to Arjun and 80 coins to Kiran last year. Arjun invested his coins and tripled their value. Kiran spent half of his coins on a charity. Write an expression for the total number of coins they have now, identify its terms, and evaluate it.
Arjun’s coins tripled: 3 × 80. = 240 coins Kiran spent half, so he has 80 ÷ 2 coins = 40 coins Total = 240 coins + 40 coins = 280 coins The total is 3 × 80 + 80 ÷ 2. Terms are 3 × 80 and 80 ÷ 2 .
Q12: Aman bought a pack of pens for ₹20 and a notebook for ₹65. He gave the shopkeeper ₹100. Write an expression using brackets to calculate the change Aman will get back and find its value.
Sol: Expression: 100 – (20 + 65), Value: 15
Aman spends ₹20 on pens and ₹65 on a notebook, totaling 20 + 65. He pays ₹100, so the change is 100 – (20 + 65). 20 + 65 = 85, then 100 – 85 = 15.
Q13:During the day, a caterpillar climbs 5 cm up a tree, and at night, it slips down 3 cm. The tree is 11 cm high, and a leaf is at the top. Write an expression for the net progress per day and determine how many days it will take to reach the leaf
Sol: Expression: 5 – 3, Days: 5 The caterpillar climbs 5 cm up and slips 3 cm down per day, so the net progress per day is 5 – 3 = 2 cm. The tree is 11 cm high. On day 1, it reaches 2 cm; day 3, 6 cm; day 4, 8 cm; day 5, 10 cm. On the morning of day 5, it climbs 5 cm from 8 cm, reaching 13 cm, which is above the 11 cm mark, so it gets the leaf. Thus, it takes 5 days.
Q14: In a parade, boy scouts march in 5 rows with 6 scouts each, and girl guides march in 2 rows with 6 guides each. Write two different expressions for the total number of scouts and guides and verify they give the same value.
Q1: Compare and write ‘<‘, ‘>’ or ‘=’: 40 thousand _____ 5 lakhs. a) < b) > c) = d) Cannot be determined
Ans: a) < Sol: 40 thousand = 40,000; 5 lakhs = 500,000. Since 40,000 < 500,000, the correct option is ‘<‘.
Q2: In the Indian system, how are commas placed for the number 12345678? a) 1,23,45,678 b) 12,34,56,78 c) 123,456,78 d) 1,234,56,78
Ans: a) 1,23,45,678 Sol: In the Indian system, commas are placed in a 3-2-2-2 pattern from right to left: 1,23,45,678.
Q3 : How many zeros does a hundred lakh have? a) 5 b) 6 c) 7 d) 8
Ans: c) 7 Sol: Hundred lakh = 100 × 1,00,000 = 1,00,00,000, which has 7 zeros.
Q4: Will the sum of 5,72,345 and 3,19,876 be greater than 8,90,000 or less than 8,90,000? a) Greater than 8,90,000 b) Less than 8,90,000 c) Equal to 8,90,000 d) Cannot be determined
Ans: a) Greater than 8,90,000 Sol: 5,72,345 + 3,19,876 = 8,92,221. Since 8,92,221 > 8,90,000, the sum is greater than 8,90,000.
Q5 : What is the product of 111 × 111? a) 12321 b) 12221 c) 12331 d) 12121
Q6 : Exact value of 3,82,456 + 2,97,543 = ________.
Ans: 6,79,999
Q7 : Write the number 4,50,700 in words: ________.
Ans: Four lakh fifty thousand seven hundred
Q8 : The game of Thoughtful Thousands only has a +1000 button. It should be pressed ________ times to show 70,000.
Ans: 7 Sol: To show 70,000 using a +1000 button, press it 70,000 ÷ 1000 = 70 times.
Q9 : According to a census, the population of a town was 82,345 in 2011. Approximately, it was (Round to the nearest ten thousand for approximation) ________.
Ans: 80,000 Sol: 82,345 ≈ 80,000 (round to the nearest ten thousand for approximation).
Section C: Word Problems
Q10: If Priya ate 4 varieties of fruits every day, will she be able to taste all 1 lakh varieties in a 100-year lifetime? Find out.
Ans: Yes, Priya will be able to taste all 1 lakh varieties in a 100-year lifetime.
Sol: 1 lakh = 1,00,000 varieties. Priya eats 4 varieties per day. In 100 years, days = 100 × 365 = 36,500 (ignoring leap years). Varieties tasted = 36,500 × 4 = 1,46,000. Since 1,46,000 > 1,00,000, Priya can taste all 1 lakh varieties and more.
Q11: Find out how many coins should be stacked to match the height of a monument 150 meters tall. Assume each coin is 2 mm thick.
Ans: 75,000 coins are needed.
Sol: Monument height = 150 meters = 150,000 mm. Coin thickness = 2 mm. Number of coins = 150,000 ÷ 2 = 75,000.
Q12: A waterfall is 400 meters tall. A building is 4 times the height of a person who is 2 meters tall. How much taller is the waterfall than the building?
Ans: The waterfall is 392 meters taller than the building. Sol: Person’s height = 2 meters. Building height = 4 × 2 = 8 meters. Waterfall height = 400 meters. Difference = 400 − 8 = 392 meters.
Q13 : If Sanjay could travel 200 kilometers every day, could he reach a planet 5,00,000 km away in 8 years?
Ans: Yes, Sanjay can reach the planet in 8 years.
Sol: Sanjay travels 200 km/day. In 1 year = 365 days, distance = 200 × 365 = 73,000 km. In 8 years = 8 × 73,000 = 5,84,000 km. Since 5,84,000 km is greater than 5,00,000 km, Sanjay can reach the planet.
Q14 : A calculator has buttons: +1, +10, +100, +1000, +10000, +100000. One way to get 6083 uses 25 button clicks. Is there another way to get 6083 using fewer button clicks? Write the expression for the same.
Ans: Expression: (6 × 1000) + (8 × 10) + (3 × 1), using 17 clicks. Sol: To get 6083 with minimal clicks: 6 × 1000 + 8 × 10 + 3 × 1 = 6000 + 80 + 3 = 6083. Clicks = 6 + 8 + 3 = 17. The given method uses 25 clicks, and 17 < 25, so this is fewer.
Section D: Think and Answer
Q15: Write any 8-digit number, show its Indian and International place values, and write it in words in both systems.
Ans: Let’s take the number: 84237612
Indian Place Values: 8,42,37,612 → 8 crore 42 lakh 37 thousand 612 In words (Indian): Eight crore forty-two lakh thirty-seven thousand six hundred twelve
International Place Values: 84,237,612 → 84 million 237 thousand 612 In words (International): Eighty-four million two hundred thirty-seven thousand six hundred twelve
Q1: Who was Rani Abbakka? a) Queen of Kozhikode b) Queen of Ullal c) Queen of Bangadi d) Portuguese envoy Ans: b) Queen of Ullal
Rani Abbakka was the queen of Ullal, a small coastal kingdom in India, as stated in the story.
Q2: Why did the Portuguese demand tribute from Ullal? a) To trade with Arabia b) To maintain control over Ullal c) To build merchant ships d) To support local rajas Ans: b) To maintain control over Ullal
The Portuguese demanded tribute to maintain control over Ullal, which they had captured, as mentioned in the story.
Q3: Who did Rani Abbakka form an alliance with? a) Veera Narasimha b) Portuguese army c) Zamorin of Kozhikode d) Local merchants Ans: c) Zamorin of Kozhikode
Abbakka formed an alliance with the Zamorin of Kozhikode, a powerful coastal ruler, to strengthen Ullal.
Q4: How long did the battle for Ullal last? a) Two days b) Four days c) One week d) One month Ans: b) Four days
The battle for Ullal lasted four days, after which the Portuguese were defeated and retreated.
Q5: What does the word “dauntless” mean in the story? a) Fearless and brave b) Angry and violent c) Quick and rash d) Weak and afraid Ans: a) Fearless and brave
“Dauntless” is defined as fearless and brave, describing Abbakka’s spirit in fighting the Portuguese.
Fill in the Blank
Q1: Rani Abbakka was the queen of _______. Ans: Ullal
Q2: The Portuguese attacked Ullal because Abbakka refused to pay _______. Ans: tribute
Q3: Abbakka formed an alliance with the Zamorin of _______. Ans: Kozhikode
Q4: The people of Ullal were inspired by Abbakka’s _______ and leadership. Ans: courage
Q5: The word “sovereign” means free and _______. Ans: independent
True or False
Q1: Rani Abbakka agreed to pay tribute to the Portuguese. Ans: False
Abbakka refused to pay tribute, declaring Ullal a sovereign country, which led to the Portuguese attack.
Q2: Veera Narasimha supported Abbakka’s plan to fight the Portuguese. Ans: False
Veera Narasimha, Abbakka’s husband, opposed her plan, fearing it would endanger his kingdom, and even ordered his soldiers to stop her.
Q3: Abbakka built merchant ships to strengthen Ullal. Ans: True
Abbakka ordered the building of merchant ships to boost Ullal’s economy and defy the Portuguese.
Q4: The Portuguese defeated Ullal in the battle. Ans: False
The Portuguese were defeated after a four-day battle and retreated, never troubling Ullal again.
Q5: The word “vassal” means an independent state. Ans: False
“Vassal” refers to a state controlled by a more powerful country, not an independent one, as defined in the story.
Very Short Answer Questions
Q1: What did Rani Abbakka refuse to do when the Portuguese envoy visited? Ans: Pay tribute
Q2: Who was Veera Narasimha in the story? Ans: Abbakka’s husband
Q3: What did Abbakka attack after defeating the Portuguese in battle? Ans: Portuguese fort
Q4: What is the meaning of the word “resolve” in the story? Ans: Strong determination
Q5: What is one moral of the story? Ans: Stand up for what is right
Long Answer Questions
Q1: How did Rani Abbakka show her determination against the Portuguese? Ans: Rani Abbakka showed her strong will to resist the Portuguese by refusing to pay tribute and boldly declaring Ullal as an independent country, even when the Portuguese envoy warned her of the consequences. She remained firm even when her husband, Veera Narasimha, called her decision reckless and tried to stop her with his soldiers, proving her determination to protect Ullal’s freedom. Abbakka also showed her resolve by gathering support from local rulers, building merchant ships, and forming an alliance with the Zamorin of Kozhikode to strengthen Ullal. She demonstrated her leadership by fighting alongside her soldiers in a four-day battle and attacking the Portuguese fort, showing her fearless commitment to defend her kingdom’s independence, even against a powerful enemy.
Q2:Describe how Abbakka gathered support to fight the Portuguese. Ans: Rani Abbakka built support to fight the Portuguese through clever leadership and diplomacy. She held a meeting with local rajas to unite them against the Portuguese, reassuring them about their small forces and motivating them to join her cause. To strengthen Ullal, she ordered the building of merchant ships, which helped improve the kingdom’s economy and trade. Abbakka also formed an important alliance with the Zamorin of Kozhikode, a powerful ruler along the coast, which gave Ullal a strong ally against Portuguese control. This alliance also boosted trade with Arabia, further strengthening Ullal. By bringing local leaders together, building resources, and securing a strong alliance, Abbakka created a solid network of support that helped her challenge and defeat the Portuguese.
Q3: Explain the events of the battle for Ullal and its outcome. Ans: The battle for Ullal began when the Portuguese, furious over Rani Abbakka’s refusal to pay tribute, launched a fierce attack on the kingdom. Abbakka displayed remarkable leadership, fighting alongside her soldiers with great courage. Inspired by her bravery, the people of Ullal fought bravely as well. The battle lasted for four days, filled with intense fighting as Abbakka’s forces held their ground against the much stronger Portuguese army. In the end, the unity and determination of Ullal’s people led to victory, forcing the Portuguese to retreat. Afterwards, Abbakka took the offensive, attacking the Portuguese fort to further establish her power. This victory was a decisive one for Ullal, ensuring that the Portuguese never again troubled the kingdom, solidifying Abbakka’s legacy as a fearless leader who secured her land’s freedom.
Q4: What is the moral of the story, and how does Rani Abbakka’s leadership reflect it? Ans: The moral of the story is that courage, determination, and standing up for what is right can lead to victory, even against powerful opponents, and inspire others to cherish independence. Rani Abbakka’s leadership exemplifies this moral through her fearless refusal to bow to Portuguese demands, boldly declaring Ullal’s sovereignty despite threats. Her determination was evident when she overcame her husband’s objections, rallied local rajas, built ships, and formed an alliance with the Zamorin of Kozhikode to strengthen her kingdom. Leading her soldiers during the four-day battle and attacking the Portuguese fort demonstrated her courage and dedication to freedom. Her actions inspired both her people and other rulers to resist foreign control, showing how one leader’s resolve can unite and empower others, perfectly embodying the moral of standing firm for justice and independence.
Q5: Discuss how Rani Abbakka’s story inspires others to stand up for freedom. Ans: Rani Abbakka’s story is truly inspiring, highlighting her bravery and strategic leadership in defending her kingdom’s independence. She refused to submit to Portuguese demands, rallying local rajas and forging alliances to strengthen her kingdom’s position. Her resilience in the four-day battle and subsequent attack on the Portuguese fort left a lasting legacy. Her actions not only ensured Ullal’s freedom but also motivated other rulers to resist foreign domination, making her a powerful symbol of courage and determination.
Q1: What does the poet call soldiers in the first stanza? a) Guardians of peace b) Defenders of borders c) Sons of freedom d) Heroes of youth Ans: b) Defenders of borders
In the first stanza, the poet addresses soldiers as “Defenders of borders,” highlighting their role in protecting the nation’s boundaries.
Q2: What do soldiers do while others sleep, according to stanza 1? a) Rest and dream b) Hold on to their deed c) Climb mountains d) Pray for the nation Ans: b) Hold on to their deed
The first stanza states that while people sleep, soldiers “hold on to your deed,” meaning they stay committed to their duty of guarding the nation.
Q3: Which weather condition is NOT mentioned in stanza 2? a) Windy season b) Snowy days c) Rainy storms d) Scorching sun Ans: c) Rainy storms
Stanza 2 mentions windy season, snowy days, and scorching sun’s sweltering rays as conditions soldiers face, but rainy storms are not referenced.
Q4: What does the poet compare soldiers to in stanza 2? a) Yogis b) Wind chimes c) Valleys d) Marsh guards Ans: a) Yogis
In stanza 2, soldiers are compared to “yogis” for treading lonely expanses with focus.
Q5: What does the word “feat” mean in the poem? a) A large area b) A brave or impressive act c) A hot day d) A type of prayer Ans: b) A brave or impressive act
“Feat” is defined as a brave or impressive act, referring to the soldiers’ courageous actions in stanza 4.
Fill in the Blank
Q1: Soldiers guard the nation even in _______ days. Ans: snowy
Q2: The poet compares soldiers treading lonely expanses to _______. Ans: yogis
Q3: Soldiers dedicate the _______ of their youth to the nation. Ans: prime
Q4: The _______ chimes vibrate to show the soldiers’ brave acts. Ans: wind
Q5: The word “sweltering” means uncomfortably _______. Ans: hot
True or False
Q1: The poem describes soldiers sleeping while guarding the borders. Ans: False
The poem states soldiers stay awake, holding on to their duty while others sleep, emphasizing their vigilance.
Q2: Soldiers work in diverse terrains like deserts and seas. Ans: True
Stanza 3 mentions soldiers defending deserts, guarding marshes, and monitoring seas, among other terrains.
Q3: The poet compares soldiers to wind chimes in stanza 3. Ans: False
Wind chimes are mentioned in stanza 4 as a symbol of the nation’s pride, not a comparison to soldiers, who are compared to yogis in stanza 2.
Q4: The poem encourages gratitude for soldiers’ sacrifices. Ans: True
The poem’s moral and final stanza, with prayers for soldiers, encourage gratitude for their selfless service.
Q5: The word “yogis” refers to people who live in cities. Ans: False
“Yogis” refers to spiritual people who meditate and live simply, not city dwellers, as used in the poem.
Very Short Answer Questions
Q1: What do soldiers do in all weather conditions, according to stanza 2? Ans: Guard the nation
Q2: Which areas do soldiers monitor, as mentioned in stanza 3? Ans: Mountains, valleys, deserts, marshes, seas, air
Q3: What does the poet pray for in the final stanza? Ans: Soldiers’ safety and blessings
Q4: What is the meaning of the word “surveillance” in the poem? Ans: Close watch or monitoring
Q5: What is one moral of the poem? Ans: Value soldiers’ sacrifices
Long Answer Questions
Q1: How does the poet show the soldiers’ sacrifices in the first two stanzas? Ans: In the first two stanzas, the poet shows how much soldiers sacrifice by focusing on their hard work and bravery in tough situations. In stanza 1, they are called “Defenders of borders” who stay alert while others sleep, giving up their own rest to keep the country safe. This shows their selfless nature. In stanza 2, the poet talks about how soldiers guard the nation through strong winds, heavy snow, and hot sun. They walk alone like yogis, facing harsh weather and loneliness. This highlights their courage and the hardships they go through to protect the nation.
Q2: Describe the different terrains and tasks soldiers undertake in stanza 3. Ans: In stanza 3, the poet shows how soldiers protect the country in many different places and ways. They climb high mountains and walk through deep valleys, showing their work in tough and uneven lands. They also guard dry deserts and wet marshes, facing extreme weather and difficult ground. Besides land, they keep watch over the seas and skies, making sure the country is safe from all sides. By doing all this hard work—climbing, guarding, and watching—soldiers give up the best years of their lives to protect the nation in every area: land, sea, and air.
Q3: Explain the significance of the “wind chimes” in the final stanza. Ans: In the final stanza, the “wind chimes of my land” symbolise the nation’s deep pride and respect for its brave soldiers. These wind chimes, which move with energy, show how the soldiers’ courage touches people’s hearts all over the country. Their brave actions are like a tune that travels with the wind, reminding everyone of their sacrifice and uniting the nation in thankfulness. The soft, musical sound of the wind chimes also matches the poet’s gentle prayer for the soldiers’ safety. This makes the wind chimes a beautiful image of the lasting honour and gratitude that soldiers inspire.
Q4: What is the moral of the poem, and how does the poet’s tone reflect it? Ans: The poem teaches us to respect and be thankful for the sacrifices soldiers make, reminding us to pray for their safety and honor their service. The poet’s tone is full of respect, admiration, and heartfelt emotion. In the first two stanzas, the poet calls soldiers “great sons” and talks about how they stay awake and protect us in difficult weather, showing deep respect. In the third stanza, the poet describes how soldiers work in mountains, deserts, marshes, and even the sea and sky, which shows great admiration for their hard work. In the last stanza, the poet’s prayer, “We pray for you brave men!!” expresses love and care. This respectful and emotional tone throughout the poem helps readers understand the importance of showing gratitude to soldiers for their bravery and service.
Q5: Discuss how the poem inspires gratitude and respect for soldiers’ dedication. Ans: The poem inspires us to feel thankful and respectful towards soldiers by using clear images, emotional words, and a respectful tone to show their sacrifices. In the first stanza, the poet calls them “Defenders of borders” who stay awake and protect the nation while others sleep. This helps us understand how hardworking and selfless they are. In the second stanza, the poet says they guard the country in all kinds of weather—wind, snow, or heat—like calm and focused yogis. This makes us admire their strength and patience. The third stanza shows how soldiers work in different places like mountains, deserts, seas, and the sky. They give up their youth to keep the country safe, which makes us feel grateful for their dedication. In the final stanza, the poet uses the image of “wind chimes” to show how the whole country respects and remembers the soldiers’ bravery. The poem ends with a prayer for their safety. Overall, the poet’s emotional and respectful words help us understand how important it is to be thankful to soldiers and to honour their selfless work.
Q1: Who wrote the letter about visiting the National War Memorial? a) Ananda b) Soumya c) Major Padmapani Acharya d) Captain Anuj Nayyar Ans: b) Soumya
Soumya writes the first letter describing her visit to the National War Memorial in New Delhi, while Ananda responds to her letter.
Q2: Where is the National War Memorial located? a) Bengaluru b) Chandigarh c) New Delhi d) Mumbai Ans: c) New Delhi
Soumya mentions visiting the National War Memorial near India Gate in New Delhi during her school trip.
Q3: What does the Amar Chakra in the memorial represent? a) Circle of Bravery b) Circle of Immortality c) Circle of Protection d) Circle of Sacrifice Ans: b) Circle of Immortality
The Amar Chakra, or Circle of Immortality, houses the eternal flame, symbolizing that soldiers’ spirits live on, as described by Soumya.
Q4: Which war hero does Soumya choose for her school presentation? a) Lance Naik Albert Ekka b) Major Somnath Sharma c) Major Padmapani Acharya d) Captain Mahendra Nath Mulla Ans: c) Major Padmapani Acharya
Soumya chooses Major Padmapani Acharya, a Kargil War hero awarded the Maha Vir Chakra, for her school presentation.
Q5: What does the word “gallantry” mean in the lesson? a) Great courage in battle b) A place to remember soldiers c) A hobby of collecting stamps d) A ring of flowers Ans: a) Great courage in battle
“Gallantry” is defined as great courage, especially in battle, referring to the bravery of soldiers like those awarded the Param Vir Chakra.
Fill in the Blank
Q1: Soumya visited the National War Memorial during a school trip to _______. Ans: New Delhi
Q2: The eternal flame is located in the _______ Chakra of the memorial. Ans: Amar
Q3: Lance Naik Albert Ekka fought bravely in the _______ War of 1971. Ans: Indo-Pak
Q4: Ananda admires Captain _______ Nayyar, a Kargil War hero. Ans: Anuj
Q5: The word “wreaths” refers to rings of _______ used to show respect. Ans: flowers
True or False
Q1: The National War Memorial was inaugurated in 2017. Ans: False
The memorial was built between April 2018 and February 2019 and inaugurated in 2019, not 2017.
Q2: Soumya and Ananda both want to join the Armed Forces. Ans: True
Soumya expresses a desire to serve the nation like Lance Naik Albert Ekka, and Ananda shares his dream of joining the Armed Forces in his response.
Q3: The Tyag Chakra has walls shaped like a Chakravyuh formation. Ans: True
Soumya describes the Tyag Chakra as having walls shaped like a Chakravyuh formation, listing soldiers’ names.
Q4: Ananda has never visited a war memorial. Ans: False
Ananda mentions visiting a war memorial in Chandigarh’s Bougainvillaea Garden, where people laid flowers.
Q5: The word “philately” means the study of flowers. Ans: False
“Philately” is the hobby of collecting stamps, as Ananda mentions, not the study of flowers.
Very Short Answer Questions
Q1: What is the name of the first soldier to receive the Param Vir Chakra? Ans: Major Somnath Sharma
Q2: What does the Veerta Chakra display at the National War Memorial? Ans: Six bronze murals
Q3: Which poem does Ananda mention in his letter? Ans: Pushp ki Abhilasha
Q4: What is the meaning of the word “solemn” in the lesson? Ans: Serious and respectful
Q5: What is one moral of the lesson? Ans: Be thankful for soldiers’ sacrifices
Long Answer Questions
Q1: How does Soumya describe the National War Memorial and its symbolic sections? Ans: Soumya describes the National War Memorial in New Delhi as a moving place built near India Gate to honour soldiers who died in wars like the Indo-China War (1962), Indo-Pak Wars (1965, 1971), and the Kargil War (1999). It has 29,000 tablets with over 26,000 names of fallen heroes. The memorial has four sections: the Amar Chakra (Circle of Immortality) with an eternal flame to honor the soldiers’ spirits; the Veerta Chakra (Circle of Bravery) with six bronze murals of heroic battles; the Tyag Chakra (Circle of Sacrifice) with walls listing soldiers’ names; and the Raksha Chakra (Circle of Protection) with rows of trees symbolizing protectors. She mentions the wreaths, changing lights from dawn to dusk, and the mix of pride and sadness, making it a powerful tribute to the soldiers’ sacrifices.
Q2: Describe the story of one war hero mentioned in Soumya’s letter and its impact on her. Ans: Soumya is especially inspired by Lance Naik Albert Ekka, a hero of the 1971 Indo-Pak War who was awarded the Param Vir Chakra. Despite serious injuries, Ekka kept fighting with incredible courage until he died from his wounds. His story of bravery and selflessness deeply touches Soumya, sparking a strong desire in her to serve the nation like him. His sacrifice shows the immense bravery of soldiers, strengthening her admiration for their dedication and motivating her to honor their legacy through her actions, such as her school presentation and her wish to contribute to the country.
Q3: Explain how Ananda’s response shows his inspiration and gratitude for soldiers. Ans: Ananda’s response shows his deep inspiration and gratitude as he praises Soumya’s vivid description of the National War Memorial, which he sees as a tribute to soldiers who sacrificed their lives for India’s freedom. He is moved by the stories of heroes like Captain Anuj Nayyar, a Kargil War Maha Vir Chakra awardee, and is touched by Nayyar’s mother’s mix of pride and pain, which deepens his respect. Ananda dreams of joining the Armed Forces to follow in the footsteps of such heroes. His visit to Chandigarh’s war memorial and reference to the poem Pushp ki Abhilasha reflect his emotional connection to soldiers’ sacrifices. His excitement about the memorial’s app and his plan for a school collage further shows his gratitude and commitment to honouring soldiers’ legacy.
Q4: What is the moral of the lesson, and how do Soumya and Ananda’s actions reflect it? Ans: The moral of the lesson is to be thankful for the soldiers who sacrificed their lives for our freedom and to honor their bravery by remembering their stories and living with respect. Soumya shows this by visiting the National War Memorial, learning about heroes like Lance Naik Albert Ekka and Major Padmapani Acharya, and sharing their stories through her letter and school presentation, expressing gratitude and respect. Her desire to serve the nation reflects the dedication of these soldiers. Ananda embodies the moral by expressing gratitude for soldiers’ sacrifices, inspired by Captain Anuj Nayyar, and planning a school collage to honor heroes. His dream of joining the Armed Forces and his emotional connection to war memorials demonstrate his commitment to honoring the freedom soldiers fought for, living in a way that respects their courage and sacrifice.
Q5: Discuss how the lesson uses the letters to teach about respecting soldiers’ sacrifices. Ans: The lesson uses the letters between Soumya and Ananda to teach respect for soldiers’ sacrifices, blending personal reflections, vivid descriptions, and inspiring stories into an emotional narrative. Soumya’s letter describes her visit to the National War Memorial, highlighting its symbolic sections and sharing stories of heroes like Lance Naik Albert Ekka and Major Padmapani Acharya. These stories evoke awe and gratitude for their bravery. Soumya’s pride and sadness, alongside her desire to serve the nation, model a respectful attitude toward soldiers’ sacrifices. Ananda’s response deepens this respect, expressing gratitude inspired by Captain Anuj Nayyar and reflecting on the broader sacrifice of soldiers. His reference to Pushp ki Abhilasha and his dream of joining the Armed Forces show his commitment to honouring their legacy. Through personal letters, school projects, and memorial visits, the narrative encourages readers to learn, remember, and live with purpose, fostering a culture of respect for soldiers and their contributions to India’s freedom.
