Text Book Solutions All Class

Difficult Words

1. Wattles
Mnemonic: Wattle – “wooden twine walls” – think of walls made by twisting sticks together.
Meaning: Twisted sticks used for making fences or walls.
Sentence: The farmer built a small hut using clay and wattles.

2. Glade
Mnemonic: Glade – “grass laid” – imagine an open grassy area in a forest.
Meaning: A clearing or open space in a forest.
Sentence: The deer rested peacefully in the glade surrounded by tall trees.

3. Linnet
Mnemonic: Linnet – “little bird sings” – remember it as a small, melodious bird.
Meaning: A small brown and grey bird with a short beak.
Sentence: The linnet’s soft song filled the quiet evening air.

4. Veils
Mnemonic: Veil – “veil hides” – think of a thin cover or mist hiding something.
Meaning: Thin coverings or layers, often referring to mist or fog in this poem.
Sentence: The mountain peaks were hidden behind the veils of morning mist.

5. Lapping
Mnemonic: Lapping – “lapping liquid” – picture gentle waves touching the shore.
Meaning: The soft sound made by water as it moves against something.
Sentence: The sound of water lapping against the rocks calmed his mind.

6. Core
Mnemonic: Core – “center more” – think of the innermost part or heart of something.
Meaning: The central or most important part.
Sentence: He felt peace in the core of his heart when he thought of home.

Poetic Devices Used in the Poem (with examples):

1. Imagery
Meaning: Language that creates vivid pictures in the reader’s mind
Example: “Midnight’s all a glimmer, and noon a purple glow”
Mnemonic:  “Imagery means images in your mind.”
→ Easy to remember: imagery is about creating pictures in your imagination.

2. Alliteration
Meaning: Repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of nearby words
Example: “Hive for the honeybee”
Mnemonic:  “Alliteration means ‘All letters alike.’”
→ Easy to remember: the same starting sounds repeat.

3. Repetition
Meaning: Repeating words or phrases for emphasis or rhythm
Example: “I will arise and go now”
Mnemonic: “Repetition means repeating again and again.”
→ Easy to remember: re- means again, repetition is doing something repeatedly.

4. Onomatopoeia
Meaning: A word that imitates a sound
Example: “Bee-loud”, “lapping”
Mnemonic: Onoma (name) + poiein (to make) in Greek
→ Meaning “to make a name (sound)” — words that make sounds.

5. Metaphor
Meaning: A direct comparison between two things without using “like” or “as”
Example: “Peace comes dropping slow”
Mnemonic: “Metaphor means ‘Meta’ (beyond) + ‘Phor’ (to carry).”
→ Easy to remember: it carries meaning beyond the literal.

6. Personification
Meaning: Giving human qualities to animals or inanimate objects
Example: “Peace comes dropping slow / from the veils of the morning”
Mnemonic: Personification = Person + Fiction
Imagine a person in a fiction story, but this time, it’s a tree or the sun acting like a person!

7. Symbolism
Meaning: A word or object used to represent a larger idea or concept
Example: “Innisfree” symbolizes peace
Mnemonic: Symbol + ism = The practice or use of symbols.
→ Symbols carry hidden meanings.

Short Answer Type Questions 

Q1. Why was Einstein referred to as a world citizen? 

Ans: People called Einstein a world citizen because he was actively involved in campaigning for peace, democracy, and opposing war, especially after the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Q2. Why did Albert Einstein leave his school? 

Ans: Einstein left school because he was unhappy with its rigid and strict system. He felt suffocated by its regimentation and struggled to adjust, which ultimately led him to drop out.

Q3. Why did Einstein write a letter to Franklin Roosevelt? 

Ans: Einstein wrote a letter to President Roosevelt due to his concerns that the Nazis in Germany might create an atomic bomb after the discovery of nuclear fission. He urged Roosevelt to take action, which ultimately contributed to the U.S. development of the atomic bomb.

Q4. What is Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity? 

Ans: Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity states that time and distance are relative and not absolute. This theory led to the famous equation E = mc², which describes the relationship between mass and energy.EinsteinQ5. Why was Einstein nicknamed “Brother Boring” by his playmates? 

Ans: Einstein was nicknamed “Brother Boring” by his playmates because he often did not participate in games like the other children and had a tendency to repeat words, which made him stand out. His large head and unusual behavior made him seem different from others.

Q6. How did Einstein’s personal life become complicated after his studies? 

Ans: Einstein wished to marry Mileva, but his mother disapproved. His mother believed Mileva was too old and too intellectual for him. This disapproval caused significant tension in his life.

Q7. Why did Einstein call his desk drawer at the patent office the “bureau of theoretical physics”? 

Ans: Einstein humorously referred to his desk drawer at the patent office as the “bureau of theoretical physics” because, while he was assessing inventions as part of his job, he was secretly developing his own groundbreaking ideas in physics.

Q8. How did Einstein react to the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki? 

Ans: Einstein was deeply shocked by the devastation caused by the bombings. He wrote to the United Nations, advocating for the establishment of a world government to prevent further destruction.

Q9. Why did Einstein show no signs of genius during his childhood? 

Ans: As a child, Einstein had a large head, began speaking late, repeated his words and was socially withdrawn, which did not indicate his future genius. 

Q10. What kind of toys fascinated Einstein as a child? 

Ans: Einstein was particularly fascinated by mechanical toys as a child. These toys captured his interest in scientific principles and concepts. He often preferred playing with them rather than engaging in activities with other children.

Q11. Why did Einstein look for wheels on his newborn sister’s body? 

Ans: Einstein, fascinated by mechanical toys, humorously expected his sister to have wheels like those toys upon her birth. This reflects his innate scientific curiosity.

Q12. Which musical instrument did Einstein learn to play and why? 

Ans: Einstein began learning the violin at the age of six because his mother encouraged him to do so. He became quite skilled and continued to play throughout his life.

Einstein learning Violin

Q13. Why did Einstein move to Switzerland for his education?

Ans: Einstein moved to Switzerland because the educational system there was more open-minded than Munich’s. He found the Munich system’s rigid structure stifling, and Switzerland offered a more flexible approach to learning.

Q14. Why did Einstein see Mileva Maric as an ally? 

Ans: Einstein viewed Mileva Maric as an ally due to their shared interests in science and art. They expressed a mutual disdain for philistines, those who overlooked culture.

Long Answer Type Questions 

Q1. Write about the achievements of Albert Einstein. 

Ans: Albert Einstein was a scientific genius known for his remarkable contributions to mathematics and physics. After graduating from Zurich University, he worked on the theory of relativity, but faced initial unemployment and gave private lessons. He later secured a job at the patent office in Bern, which allowed him to develop his own ideas. In 1905, he published groundbreaking papers, including his famous formula E = mc². Einstein gained worldwide recognition and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his work on the photoelectric effect. His achievements revolutionized physics, and he became a global figure, honored with numerous accolades.

Q2. How was Einstein an unusual child, with no signs of future greatness? 

Ans: As a child, Einstein was quiet and had an unusually large head. He often avoided interactions with other children, earning him the nickname “Brother Boring.” His headmaster even predicted that he would never succeed in life.

Einstein struggled with the strict rules and regimentation of school, which led him to leave. His early behaviour and lack of academic success did not hint at the remarkable achievements he would later attain as a physicist. 

Q3. What impact did Einstein’s letter to President Roosevelt have on the world? 

Ans: On the advice of colleagues, Einstein wrote a letter to President Roosevelt, warning him about the possibility of Nazi Germany developing an atomic bomb. This letter prompted the U.S. government to start the Manhattan Project, though Einstein was not directly involved. The bomb was eventually dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, ending World War II. Einstein was deeply saddened by the destruction and later advocated for a world government to prevent such devastation in the future.

Q4. Describe Einstein’s education journey from school to university. 

Ans: Einstein’s early education was unremarkable. His headmaster had a low opinion of him, and though he did well in subjects, the strict discipline of his Munich school clashed with his independent spirit, leading him to leave. He found a more liberal environment in Switzerland, where he finished school and honed his talents in mathematics and physics. In 1900, he graduated from the University of Zurich, which laid the foundation for his future scientific discoveries.

Q5. What research and theories proved Einstein’s genius, and how was he rewarded?

Ans: Einstein’s research in the early 20th century cemented his reputation as a scientific genius. In 1905, while working at the patent office, he published his Special Theory of Relativity, challenging the traditional understanding of time and space. His equation, E = mc², was revolutionary. Later, in 1915, his General Theory of Relativity further demonstrated his brilliance by predicting phenomena like light bending under gravity. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921 for his work on the photoelectric effect and continued to receive numerous accolades throughout his life for his groundbreaking contributions to science.

Short Answer Type Questions

Q1. How does the poet describe the sky before the rain falls?

Ans: The poet describes the sky before the rain as:

• Dark clouds gathering in the sky, obscuring the stars.
• The darkness is compared to sadness, as the humid shadows seem to weep.
• These shadows release rainy tears that fall gently.

Q2. Do you think that the poem, Rain on the Roof, is lauding the healing power of nature’s rain?

Ans: The poet appreciates the rain, especially while lying in a cosy bed in a charming cottage. The sound of the rain brings back cherished memories of his mother. As the rain falls, he reflects on his past pains but also finds comfort and upliftment.

• The rain’s soothing sound evokes fond memories.
• It reminds him of his mother’s nurturing presence.
• Despite recalling past sorrows, the rain lifts his spirits.

Q3. What does each sound of shingle create? 

Ans: Every raindrop on the roof creates a rhythm that resonates with the poet’s heartbeat. This sound inspires countless dreams and fills his mind with thoughts. As he listens to the pitter-patter of the rain, he reflects on cherished memories from the past.

• The sound of rain evokes a sense of bliss as he relaxes in bed.
• Each tinkle on the roof stirs emotions and ignites imaginative thoughts.
• Memories of his mother come to mind, recalling her tender care.
• Listening to the rain brings a comforting feeling of nostalgia.

Q4. Who all does the poet remember while listening to the rain?

Ans: The poet recalls several important figures while listening to the rain:

• His mother, who lovingly tucked him in at night.
• His sister, who passed away at a young age.
• A young girl he once admired during his life.

Q5. Is the poet, Coates Kinney, able to enjoy the rain or he reminisces at the lost time? [Old NCERT]

Ans:

The atmosphere of the poem is quite somber. Despite the surrounding darkness, the rain brings a sense of peace to the lonely night. The poet finds joy in the simple pleasure of sleep, especially when resting his head on the pillow after a long day.

• The rain creates a soothing sound that enhances his mood.
• Each drop on the roof evokes memories and dreams.
• The poet recalls his mother, who used to watch over him as he slept.
• He feels her affection as he listens to the rain.

Q6. Who are the “darling dreamers” referred to by the poet?

Ans:

The darling dreamers refer to the poet and his siblings. They were cherished by their mother, who likely wished them “sweet dreams” each night before she went to bed.

• The term dreamers indicates their tendency to have pleasant dreams.
• These children held a special place in their mother’s heart.

Long Answer Type Questions

Q1. What happens when the poet listens to the patter of rain? Do you think that rain is a narrative tool in the poet’s life?

Ans: The raindrops create a musical sound on the roof, producing a delightful pitter-patter. For the poet, this sound is a source of joy. Initially, there is a hint of sadness that gradually fades with the arrival of the rain. Each raindrop resonates with the poet’s heartbeat, as he focuses on the soothing rhythm while reminiscing about cherished memories.

Rain is intricately linked to various aspects of life. It acts as a significant narrative tool in the poet’s experience, conveying emotions and moments more effectively than words alone. The rain’s sound captures the essence of time and space, enhancing the emotional depth of the poet’s reflections.

Q2. There is an image of the past in the poem, ‘Rain on the Roof’. Is this imagery similar to ones used in the poem, ‘The Road not Taken’? Explain.

Ans: In the poem ‘Rain on the Roof’, the imagery of the past is presented without feelings of regret or sadness. In contrast, ‘The Road Not Taken’ evokes a sense of sadness and regret.

• The rain in ‘Rain on the Roof’ lulls the poet into dreams, bringing back memories of family and loved ones.
• In ‘The Road Not Taken’, the poet reflects on a past decision with regret.
• While both poems contain imagery of the past, Kinney’s poem focuses on the warm memory of a loving mother.
• Frost’s poem, however, highlights the regret associated with choices made.
• The road not taken represents the choice of venturing into the unknown, symbolising a desire to be different.

Overall, both poems explore the past, but they evoke different emotions: one creates a sense of love and longing, while the other conveys a somber mood of regret.

Q3. Dreams hold importance in the poet’s life. Is it true? Explain.

Ans: The poem captures the mood of a rainy night. The humid clouds create dark shadows over the starry sky. The poet dreams of his mother, recalling how she used to tuck him in bed.

This dream evokes memories of his childhood, when his mother would tell stories to help him sleep. The music of the rain on the rooftop reminds him of her affectionate gaze during his early years.

Through these dreams, he realises the importance of the past and the things he now misses.

Short Answer Type Questions

Q1. What orders were passed to Kezia in the evening when Father returned home from the office?

Ans: When Kezia’s father returned home from the office, she was given specific tasks. She was to come downstairs, remove her father’s shoes, and place them outside. Additionally, she was instructed to set her father’s teacup on a small tea table.

Q2. Why did Kezia avoid her father?

Ans: Kezia avoided her father because she viewed him as an emotionless person. He rarely spoke to her in a loving or calm manner, often scolding her for her mistakes. This made her feel anxious and she would stammer when speaking to him, as he appeared to her as a large, intimidating figure, lacking the warmth typically associated with a father.

Q3. Why did Kezia stammer in front of her father? 
Or 
Why did Kezia stutter only with her father?

Ans: Kezia stammered in front of her father because she felt afraid of him. He often scolded her and never spoke in a loving way, making it hard for her to express herself. This fear caused her to struggle with her words whenever he was around.

Q4. What made Kezia’s father punish her?

Ans: Kezia was punished because she tore important papers belonging to her father. She had intended to use these papers to stuff a pincushion as a surprise gift for him. Unfortunately, the papers contained her father’s speech for the Port Authority, which is why he was angry and punished her.

Q5. “Father’s great speech for the Port Authority had been lost.” What had happened to Father’s speech?

Ans: Father’s speech was destroyed by Kezia, his young daughter. She wanted to make a pin cushion as a birthday gift for him. Unable to find anything suitable to fill it, she tore up the speech and used the pieces to stuff her creation.

Q6. Why did Kezia’s grandmother send her to the drawing room every Sunday afternoon?

Ans: Kezia’s grandmother sent her to the drawing room every Sunday afternoon because she knew Kezia was afraid of her father. The grandmother believed that by encouraging Kezia to speak with him more often, she could help her overcome that fear. Thus, every Sunday, Kezia would go to have a nice talk with her father.

Q7. What did Kezia find whenever, on Sunday afternoons, her grandmother sent her down to have a talk with her parents?

Ans: Whenever Kezia was sent by her grandmother to talk to her parents on Sunday afternoons, she always found her mother reading and her father stretched out on the sofa, sleeping soundly and snoring.

Q8. How did the father comfort the little girl, Kezia, when she got scared in her sleep?

Ans: The father comforted Kezia by entering her room with a candle. He lifted her into his strong arms and lay down beside her, allowing her to snuggle close. As she held onto his shirt tightly, she felt safe and reassured, which helped ease her fear during the night.

Long Answer Type Questions

Q9. How did Kezia’s negative attitude towards her father change? 
Or 
What were the circumstances that forced Kezia to change her opinion about her father?

Ans: When her mother was hospitalised, Kezia’s grandmother stayed with her. Alone at night, Kezia felt scared and began to shout in fear. She experienced nightmares and trembled with anxiety. One night, her father came to her room, took her in his arms, and comforted her. In his presence, she felt secure. This moment made her realise that her father, although busy with work, loved her deeply but struggled to express it. Consequently, her attitude towards him shifted positively.

Q10. How did Kezia’s efforts to please her father result in displeasing him very much? Elaborate?

Ans: Kezia was very afraid of her father and often stuttered when speaking to him, which annoyed him greatly. She tried to engage him in conversation, but he found her staring uncomfortable. In an attempt to surprise him for his birthday, she accidentally destroyed some important papers while stuffing a cushion. This incident made him extremely angry, leading to a severe punishment. Thus, Kezia’s efforts to please her father ultimately resulted in displeasing him.

Q11. Kezia decides that there are “different kinds of fathers”. What kind of father was Mr. McDonald, and how was he different from Kezia’s father? 
Or 
How is Kezia’s father different from Mr. McDonald?

Ans: Mr McDonald was Kezia’s next-door neighbour. She once saw him playing tag with his children in the evening. Mr McDonald had the baby Mao on his shoulders, while his two little girls clung to his coat pockets, all of them laughing joyfully as they ran around. In contrast, Kezia’s own father was very strict and disciplined. He rarely interacted with her, never played, and even punished her for minor mistakes.

Q12. Why was Kezia scared of her father, and how did she get over her fear?

Ans: Kezia was scared of her father because he was very big and strict. He punished her when she accidentally tore his important speech. One day, while her mother and grandmother were in the hospital, Kezia was left alone with her father. She had a nightmare and screamed in fear. To comfort her, her father carried her on his lap. This closeness helped Kezia overcome her fear, allowing her to see him in a different light.

Q13. How did Kezia feel in the presence of her father?

Ans: Kezia felt scared of her father, who seemed like a giant to her. Each morning, he would give her a goodbye kiss, but she felt uncomfortable whenever he was home. She often stammered when speaking to him. One day, he scolded her and even hit her for tearing some important papers. However, when she cried at night, he would carry her to his room. This experience made her realise that her father was actually tender and affectionate, which changed how she viewed him.

Value-Based Questions

Q14. Kezia in the story “The Little Girl” was afraid of her father because he never communicated with her. Imagine you are a parenting counsellor; based on your reading of the story, write a paragraph advising the parents to make communicating with their children a priority.

Ans: In the story, Kezia is often frightened of her father due to his strict nature and lack of gentle communication. He rarely speaks to her in a loving way, often scolding her for minor mistakes. It is essential for parents to prioritise communication with their children. They should not allow stress or work commitments to disrupt family life. Spending quality time together fosters a strong bond, enabling children to share their feelings and concerns openly. By bridging the communication gap, parents can create a supportive environment where children feel safe and understood.

Q15. The relationship between a parent and child should be distant and formal, or should it be close and warm?

Ans: In today’s modern context, parents and children should be more like friends. The relationship between them ought to be warm and close, which is essential for the child’s overall personality development. A close bond helps to boost the child’s confidence and strengthens their relationships. Therefore, it is crucial for children to have a close relationship with their parents, characterised by respect and love, rather than fear.

Short Answer Type Questions

Q1. Describe the central idea of the poem.

Ans: The poem “Wind” encourages us to face life’s challenges with resilience and determination. It teaches us to be strong and courageous when confronting the hardships that life presents. In the poem, the wind in highlighted multiple times. ymbolizes the difficulties and obstacles we encounter at various points in our lives.

Q2. Is the wind regarded as a symbol of destruction in the poem? Explain.

Ans: Yes, in the poem, the wind is portrayed as a force of destruction, especially in the first stanza. It tears pages from books, disrupts daily life, and represents chaos, particularly affecting the weaker sections of society. The strong winds symbolise life’s turbulence, which we must learn to endure.

Q3. What are the figures of speech in the poem ‘Wind’?

Ans: The prominent figure of speech in the poem is Anaphora, which is evident in the repetition of the word “don’t” in the opening lines. Furthermore, the entire poem serves as a metaphor, encouraging humanity to remain resilient against various challenges, whether they are natural or man-made.

Q4. What does the wind do with the books?

Ans: The wind scatters the pages of books, causing them to fly off shelves and create disorder. It disrupts the order of the environment, leading to books and papers falling and littering the ground.

Q5. Explain the line: “You brought rain again” or How does the wind bring rain?

Ans: This line illustrates how the wind carries clouds filled with rain, leading to rainfall. The movement of the wind can result in storms and heavy downpours, which can sometimes cause destruction and damage.

Long Answer Type Questions

Q1. What challenges are posed by wind in the life of the poet and the common man?

Ans: The wind disrupts daily life, representing the unpredictable challenges we encounter. The poet suggests that the wind and rain are powerful forces of nature that metaphorically eliminate negativity and weakness within us. Similar to life’s problems, the wind can strike unexpectedly, testing our physical and mental strength. For those who are weak, the wind creates significant obstacles. However, for the strong, the wind is not a threat but a challenge to overcome. The poem conveys that resilience and inner strength are essential for enduring life’s adversities.

Q2. Does the poem reflect human suffering caused by the wind? Explain with examples.

Ans: Yes, the poem reflects the suffering caused by the wind, which acts as a metaphor for life’s challenges. The wind, although invisible, leaves visible effects, similar to how unseen forces shape our experiences. The poem highlights both the destructive and constructive powers of the wind. While it brings chaos and suffering, it also encourages individuals to grow stronger.

In this context, the wind represents divine will, serving as both a trial and a teacher. Its destructive force emphasises the struggles that humans face, while also showcasing the resilience required to overcome suffering.

Q3. Which values of life does the poet emphasize in the poem?

Ans: In “Wind,” the poet Subramania Bharati highlights the values of strength, courage, and resilience. He uses the wind as a metaphor for life’s challenges, illustrating that only those who are mentally and physically strong can endure hardships. The poem suggests that difficulties, much like the wind, test our resolve. Those with unwavering courage and determination can overcome obstacles, while the weak are often defeated. Bharati advocates for a life of strength, encouraging individuals to confront challenges directly and emerge victorious.

Q4. Why does the poet suggest that people need to be strong?

Ans: The poet emphasises the importance of strength, both physical and mental, for overcoming life’s challenges. The wind represents these challenges, which can easily break the weak but have no effect on the strong. The poet encourages us to build strong homes and to develop inner resilience to withstand the wind’s force. Only those with inner fortitude can endure life’s trials, while the weak may be overwhelmed. This poem serves as a reminder to cultivate resilience in order to face the inevitable difficulties we encounter.

Q5. The wind is a symbol of power and strength. How can we befriend it and survive in our struggle for existence?

Ans: The wind symbolises power, representing the forces of life that can either uplift or overwhelm us. To survive and thrive, we must cultivate inner strength and resilience. By constructing strong homes, both literally and metaphorically, we equip ourselves to face challenges. Befriending the wind means developing the fortitude to withstand its force. Only those who are physically and mentally robust can endure life’s hardships. Therefore, strengthening our bodies and minds is essential to face the wind—and life’s struggles—without succumbing to defeat.

Short Answer Type Questions.                             Q1. When was Evelyn’s deafness first noticed? When was it confirmed?
Ans: Evelyn’s hearing difficulties were first noticed by her mother when she was eight years old. During a moment when Evelyn was waiting to play the piano, she did not respond when her name was called, leading Isabel to suspect something was wrong. This concern was confirmed when Evelyn was eleven years old, after a visit to a specialist revealed that her hearing was severely impaired due to gradual nerve damage.

Q2. When and how did Evelyn lose her power of hearing?
Ans: Evelyn lost her power of hearing due to gradual nerve damage. This issue was first noticed when she was eight years old while waiting to play the piano. By the age of eleven, it was confirmed that she had completely lost her hearing ability.

Q3. Why was Evelyn nervous while going to the Royal Academy of Music?
Ans: Evelyn felt nervous about attending the Royal Academy of Music because she was only 16 years old and had just come from the Scottish farms. This transition to a prestigious institution added to her anxiety.

Q4. How did Evelyn’s deafness come to light? 
OR
 When did Evelyn’s mother notice that something was wrong with her hearing?
Ans: At the age of eight, Evelyn’s mother noticed something was wrong when she did not respond to her name being called to play the piano. By eleven, her academic performance had declined, leading her headmistress to recommend a visit to a specialist. It was then confirmed that Evelyn had a severe hearing impairment.

Q5. Who helped Evelyn to continue with music? What did he do and say?
Ans: When Evelyn decided to pursue her music career, she faced discouragement from many. However, percussionist Ron Forbes recognised her potential and offered his support. He encouraged her to listen to music in a different way, saying, “Don’t listen through your ears; try to sense it some other way.” This guidance helped Evelyn realise that she could feel the music through her body, discovering vibrations in different parts of her physique. With Forbes’ encouragement, she learned to open her mind and body to the sounds and vibrations of music, which became the foundation for her determination and hard work.

Q6. How did Evelyn hear music despite being deaf?
Ans: Evelyn hears music by sensing vibrations throughout her body. When she plays the xylophone, she feels the sound in her fingertips. By leaning against drums, she can perceive the resonances flowing into her body. On wooden floors, she removes her shoes to allow vibrations to travel through her bare feet and up her legs.

Q7. What is Evelyn’s secret of success and what message does she give to achievers?
Ans: Evelyn’s secret to success is her unwavering determination and hard work. She encourages achievers with her message: work hard to reach your goals. Believe in yourself, no matter the challenges you face. Stay focused and committed to your passion. Her journey demonstrates that with effort and perseverance, success is within reach.

Q8. How has Evelyn Glennie inspired handicapped people?
Ans: Evelyn Glennie has inspired many individuals with disabilities through her incredible achievements. Her success serves as a powerful reminder that with determination, challenges can be overcome. By bringing percussion to the forefront of music, she has shown that it can evoke deep emotions. Glennie’s journey encourages those facing difficulties to follow their dreams, illustrating that limitations can be surpassed.

Long Answer Type QuestionsQ1. How did Evelyn Glennie fight with her physical disability?
Ans: Evelyn Glennie faced her physical disability with remarkable courage. She learned to connect with sounds and vibrations through her body, allowing her to feel music deeply. This passion led her to join an orchestra, attend the Royal Academy of Music, and perform solo on stages worldwide. Her determination ensured she never missed out on the joy of music, ultimately making her a renowned musician.

Q2. In spite of her towering success, Evelyn Glennie does not accept any hint of heroic achievement. Explain?
Ans: Evelyn Glennie faced significant challenges due to her hearing loss, which was initially discouraged by her teachers. However, she persevered with the help of Ron Forbes, who taught her to listen through her body rather than her ears. Through determination, Evelyn learned to connect with sound and vibrations, ultimately achieving remarkable success. She earned the highest marks in the history of the Royal Academy of Music and received numerous prestigious awards. She brought percussion to the forefront of orchestras and has inspired millions with her music. Despite her extraordinary achievements, Evelyn remains humble and does not view herself as a hero. She believes that with hard work and a clear direction, anyone can succeed. Evelyn’s journey demonstrates that personal effort and resilience can lead to success, regardless of the obstacles one may face.

Q3. Evelyn’s determination to overcome her disability has made her a source of inspiration for deaf children. Comment?
Ans: Evelyn’s journey as a deaf musician is truly inspiring. After losing her hearing, she was determined to lead a normal life and pursue her passion for music. With encouragement from her percussion teacher, she learned to sense music through her body. Evelyn discovered that she could feel different instruments: the higher drum from the waist up and the xylophone through her fingertips. By removing her shoes on wooden floors, she enhanced her ability to feel vibrations. Through sheer determination and hard work, Evelyn became a master of many instruments and is now a highly sought-after multi-percussionist. Her achievements have made her a role model for deaf children, demonstrating that they can achieve their dreams despite challenges. Evelyn’s story shows that with perseverance, anything is possible.

Q4. How is Evelyn Glennie helping others with her popularity and skill?
Ans: Evelyn Glennie has made remarkable contributions to society despite her deafness. After attending the Royal Academy of Music, she won the prestigious Soloist of the Year award. Evelyn dedicated extensive time to learning languages, including Japanese and French. She has performed free concerts in prisons and hospitals, sharing her talent with those in need. As a role model, she inspires many, particularly deaf children, demonstrating that they can achieve their dreams. Evelyn has elevated percussion to a prominent position in orchestras, showcasing its emotional depth. Her journey encourages countless individuals, proving that with determination and hard work, anything is possible.

Q5. How did Evelyn succeed in pursuing her interest in music?
Ans: Evelyn succeeded in pursuing her interest in music through her determination and the support of Ron Forbes, a percussionist who recognised her potential. He encouraged her to focus on vibrations instead of sound. He advised her to feel the higher drum from the waist up and the lower drum from the waist down, helping her to open her mind and body to different notes. With practice, Evelyn learned to sense music in various parts of her body. This unique approach enabled her to embrace her passion for music despite her challenges.

Value-Based Question

Q1. “A problem is only as big as we make it.” This thought has been very beautifully brought out in the lesson. Discuss?
Ans: Evelyn Glennie is a remarkable example of overcoming challenges. Despite being profoundly deaf, she learned to experience music through her body. She achieved the highest marks in the history of the Royal Academy of Music, showcasing her dedication and talent. Evelyn has become a renowned musician and an inspiration to many, demonstrating that no problem is too great to overcome. Her journey illustrates that challenges can be transformed into opportunities. With the guidance of percussionist Ron Forbes, she discovered how to feel music through vibrations, allowing her to connect with sound in a unique way. This ability not only propelled her career but also inspired countless individuals facing their own difficulties. Evelyn’s story is a testament to the idea that a problem is only as big as we make it. By embracing her circumstances and working tirelessly, she has brought percussion to the forefront of orchestras, proving that determination can lead to extraordinary achievements. Evelyn’s success serves as a powerful reminder that with hard work and resilience, we can overcome even the most daunting obstacles.

Part II- The Shehnai of Bismillah Khan

Short Answer Type QuestionsQ1. How did ‘pungi’ transform into a Shehnai?
Ans: The pungi was a musical instrument that faced a ban due to its shrill and unpleasant sound. A barber, who belonged to a family of musicians, sought to enhance its tonal quality. He crafted a new instrument with a longer and broader pipe, adding seven holes to create a more melodious sound. When he played this improved version in the Shah’s chamber, it captivated the audience. As it was first performed in the royal setting by a nai (barber), the instrument was named the shehnai. Over time, the shehnai became associated with auspicious occasions, such as weddings and temple ceremonies, and gained popularity as a vital part of North Indian music.

Q2. Who had brought shehnai to the classical Stage? What was he honoured with?
Ans: Shehnai was introduced to the classical stage by Ustad Bismillah Khan. Under the guidance of his maternal uncle, Ali Bux, he began to master the intricate finger techniques of the shehnai. His dedication and talent earned him several prestigious awards, including the Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri, and Padma Vibhushan.

Q3. Why did Bismillah Khan refuse to start a shehnai school in the U.S.A.?
Ans: Bismillah Khan declined to establish a shehnai school in the U.S.A. because he felt unable to live outside of India. His deep affection for Benares and Dumraon made him miss these places whenever he was abroad.

Q4. Why did emperor Aurangazeb ban the playing of Pungi in the royal residence?
Ans: Aurangzeb banned the playing of the Pungi in the royal residence due to its shrill and unpleasant sound. It was perceived more as a noisemaker than a true musical instrument, leading to its prohibition.

Q5. What is the difference between a Pungi and a Shehnai?
Ans: The Pungi and Shehnai differ in both shape and sound. The Shehnai is longer than the Pungi, which contributes to its unique sound. The Pungi produces a shrill and often unpleasant noise, while the Shehnai is known for its soft and melodious tones, making it more suitable for traditional ceremonies.

Q6. How do we know that the sound of Shehnai is considered auspicious?
Ans: The sound of the shehnai is considered auspicious because it is traditionally played in temples and is essential for joyous occasions, such as weddings. Historically, the shehnai was part of the naubat, a group of nine instruments used in royal courts. Its significance has persisted, as it continues to be a vital element of North Indian celebrations. The shehnai gained prominence largely due to Ustad Bismillah Khan, who transformed it into a classical instrument. His early experiences in temples and his dedication to the craft helped elevate the shehnai’s status. Today, it remains a symbol of good fortune and is indispensable in cultural festivities.

Q7. What were the recurring themes of Bismillah Khan’s music?
Ans: The recurring theme in Bismillah Khan‘s music is the deep connection between human beings and the flowing waters of the Ganga. He regarded Benares and Dumraon as the most beautiful towns in the world, reflecting his profound appreciation for these places.

Q8. What place did Shehnai have in the past? What place has it now?
Ans: In the past, the Shehnai was part of a traditional ensemble of nine instruments used in royal courts. It was primarily played in temples and during weddings. Today, it has gained wider recognition and is also featured in classical concerts.

Q9. When and how did Bismillah Khan get the break?
Ans: Bismillah Khan received his big break at the age of 14 when he accompanied his uncle to the Allahabad Music Conference. After his performance, renowned musician Ustad Faiyaz Khan encouraged him by saying, “Work hard and you shall make it.” This encouragement motivated Bismillah to dedicate himself to music. His significant opportunity came with the launch of All India Radio in Lucknow in 1938, where he became a prominent shehnai player.

Q10. Where did Bismillah Khan play the Shehnai on 15th Aug 1947? Why was the event historic?
Ans: Bismillah Khan was the first Indian to greet the nation with his shehnai on 15 August 1947, performing Raag Kafi from the Red Fort. This event was historic as it occurred during India’s independence, with an audience that included Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.

Q11. Why did Bismillah Khan regularly go to the nearby Bihariji temple in his childhood, and what did he earn?
Ans: At the age of five, Bismillah Khan frequently visited the nearby Bihariji temple to sing the Bhojpuri ‘Chaita’. For his melodious singing, he earned a laddu weighing 1.25 kg, a prize awarded by the local Maharaja. This early experience marked the beginning of his musical journey.

Long Answer Type QuestionsQ1. “There is always a teacher to bring out the latent potential of a pupil/’ Justify with reference to the role played by Ron Forbes and Ustad Faiyaz Khan in the lives of Evelyn Glennie and Bismillah Khan?
Ans: Teachers play a crucial role in unlocking the hidden potential of their students. Ron Forbes recognised Evelyn Glennie‘s passion for music and taught her to perceive sound differently. Instead of relying on her ears, he guided her to feel music through the vibrations in her hands and legs. This innovative approach helped Evelyn grow more confident and expressive in her musical abilities. Similarly, Bismillah Khan was profoundly influenced by his maternal uncle, Ali Bux. As a child, Bismillah was captivated by Ali Bux’s Shehnai performances at the Vishnu Temple in Benares. Accompanying his uncle, he absorbed the intricate details of playing the Shehnai and dedicated countless hours to practice by the banks of the Ganga. His uncle’s mentorship was instrumental in Bismillah’s journey to mastery, showcasing how a teacher can shape a pupil’s future.

Q2. Give a brief character sketch of Ustad Bismillah Khan?
Ans: Ustad Bismillah Khan was a renowned Shehnai master, celebrated both nationally and internationally. He was a gifted musician, trained by his maternal uncle, Ali Bux, who refined his skills. Ustad Bismillah Khan was instrumental in bringing the shehnai to the classical music stage, dedicating countless hours to practice in pursuit of perfection. His melodious performance marked the first Indian greeting to independent India on 15 August 1947, where he played Raag Kafi from the Red Fort, captivating an audience that included Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. Throughout his career, he created numerous new rags and received prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna. A true patriot, he turned down many opportunities to settle abroad, valuing his roots and the essence of Hindustani Classical Music. Despite his fame, he remained a humble and simple man.

Q3. How did the young Bismillah develop his interest in Shehnai?
Ans: Bismillah Khan developed a strong interest in the shehnai at a very young age. His fascination began when he was just three years old, watching his uncle, Ali Bux, practice the instrument. This early exposure to the music captivated him deeply. Bismillah soon began accompanying his uncle to the Vishnu Temple in Benares, where Ali Bux was employed to play the shehnai. There, Bismillah would sit for hours, absorbing the music and gradually learning to play himself. As he practiced along the banks of the Ganga, the sounds of the flowing water inspired him to create new raagas that were previously thought to be unattainable for the shehnai. By the age of 14, Bismillah attended the Allahabad Music Conference with his uncle, where he received encouragement from the renowned Ustad Faiyaz Khan, who told him to work hard. This moment motivated Bismillah to pursue his passion for music even more fervently.

Q4. How was Bismillah Khan’s music recognized internationally?
Ans: Bismillah Khan gained international recognition for his exceptional talent and contributions to music. He played a significant role in promoting the shehnai globally, participating in prestigious events such as the World Exposition in Montreal, the Cannes Art Festival, and the Osaka Trade Fair. Notably, he became the first Indian to perform at the esteemed Lincoln Centre Hall in the United States. His fame was so widespread that an auditorium in Tehran was named in his honour, Tahar Mosiquee Ustaad Bismillah Khan.

Q5:  Why did Bismillah Khan refuse to start a Shehnai school in the U.S.A.?
Ans. Bismillah Khan was exceedingly fond of Benares and Dumraon. They were the most wonderful towns of the world for him. The students promised to recreate the atmosphere of Benares, but he asked if they would be able to transport River Ganga as well. Whenever he was in a foreign country he yearned for Hindustan. In Mumbai also he thought of only Benares and the holy Ganga. Thus, he refused to start a Shehnai School in the U.S.A.

Value-Based Question

Q1. Do you think Bismillah Khan had very pure and deep feelings for India?
Ans: Yes, Bismillah Khan had very pure and deep-rooted feelings for India, particularly for the banks of the River Ganga and Benares. His love for his homeland was so profound that he declined an opportunity to establish a school in the U.S.A.. He found life in Mumbai to be artificial and preferred the authenticity of his surroundings. His connection to the banks of the Ganga and Benares was a significant part of his identity.

Short Answer Type Questions

Q1. Why will the choice between two roads that seem very much alike make such a big difference many years later in the life of the poet?

Ans: A choice between two roads that appear similar can significantly impact the poet’s life many years later. This decision leads to various opportunities in the future. Key points include:

• The chosen path influences future decisions and directions.
• Although the roads look alike, they offer different experiences and outcomes.
• Each decision shapes the poet’s journey and life overall.

Ultimately, the poet reflects on this choice, recognising its lasting significance.

Q2. Does the speaker feel that he has made the wrong choice in taking the road “less travelled by”? If not, why does he “sigh”? What does he regret?

Ans:

No, the speaker does not believe he made a wrong decision by taking the road less travelled. He wanted to explore both paths but acknowledges:

• He tells himself he will try one road and return to the other.
• However, he understands that he may never come back.

The sigh he gives reflects a sense of regret about the choices he cannot revisit, indicating:

• A recognition that every choice leads to different outcomes.
• A bittersweet acceptance of the path he has taken.

Q3. And that has made all the difference. What is your opinion of the difference- was it for the better or the worse? Substantiate your answer. 

Ans: The poem does not explicitly state whether the poet feels happy or sad about his choice. However, we can infer from the world around us that those who achieve recognition and fame often take the less conventional path. Thus, it is reasonable to conclude that the poet, as a traveller, found joy in choosing the less travelled road rather than the common one. The final line, “And that has made all the difference,” suggests a sense of contentment with his decision.

Q4. After reading the poem, can you detail the tone of the entire poem?

Ans: The overall tone of the poem is one of regret. The speaker reflects on his choices, believing that in the future, he will still think about the two paths he could have taken “with a sigh.”

• He does not expect to feel any less conflicted or more satisfied with his decision.
• He understands that his choice will make “all the difference” in his life.
• However, he is currently uncertain about what that difference will be.

Q5. Was the poet doubtful or clear that he would return to take the other path, which he could not do earlier?

Ans: The poet experiences an archetypal dilemma throughout his journey. He is uncertain whether he will ever return to take the other path, which could have offered him different opportunities in life. Key points include:

• He acknowledges that one road often leads to another.
• Returning to the original path is challenging.
• His choice reflects a deeper contemplation about life’s decisions.

Ultimately, the poet’s doubt suggests that he may not have the chance to revisit that alternative path.

Long Answer Type Questions

Q1. Does the poem, ‘The Road Not Taken’, symbolize or reveal a meaning or aspect of freedom or responsibility?

Ans: The poem reveals the complex nature of a seemingly simple decision. The narrator faces a dilemma about which road to take:

• He reflects on his choices, noting that he “had worn them really about the same.”
• Despite his deliberation, he wonders if he will ever return to make a different choice.
• He tries to convince himself that he made the best choice, believing that in the future he will say it “has made all the difference.”

This poem highlights that freedom of choice comes with its own responsibilities. It also suggests the futility of overthinking decisions:

• If trivial choices require so much thought, how can one make significant life-changing decisions?
• For the narrator, this choice feels life-changing, but at least it is his to make.

Q2. What do the two roads symbolize in the passage 1? What is the significance of choosing a road?

Ans: The two roads the poet-traveller encounters represent the choices we face in life. The journey itself serves as a metaphor for the great journey of life. After careful consideration, the poet chooses the road less travelled, embracing its challenges and uncertainties.

• The decision is final and cannot be reversed.
• Each choice has its own consequences, which can be either positive or negative.
• In life, we often confront critical situations with life-altering options.
• It is essential to contemplate our priorities before making a decision.
• Once a choice is made, we cannot go back; life takes its own course.

Thus, it is crucial to decide wisely.

Q3. What is the theme of the poem “The Road Not Taken’?

Ans: The poem The Road Not Taken explores the theme of decision-making. The traveller at the crossroads represents an individual facing a significant choice in life. This decision is crucial as it shapes their future. Robert Frost emphasises the importance of making the right choice at the right time.

• Life often requires us to make choices without complete understanding.
• It is essential to consider all available options before deciding.
• We may feel regret or excitement about our choices.
• Ultimately, the decisions we make during pivotal moments can change the course of our lives.

Thus, the poem highlights the need for careful analysis before making life-changing decisions.

Q4. Discuss the anticipation or remorse in The Road Not Taken.

Ans: The poem is rich in irony and reflects a sense of anticipation for future remorse. Its title, “The Road Not Taken,” suggests that the speaker will reflect on his choice with a sense of loss. Although he must choose a path to avoid remaining indecisive in the woods, he is aware that he will likely question his decision later. This is due to the unknowable nature of the path he did not take.

Key points include:

• The speaker acknowledges that there is no truly right path, only the one chosen and the one left behind.
• The idea of “The Road Less Travelled” is a narrative the speaker creates later, giving him a sense of control over his past choices.
• The real source of remorse lies not in the decisions made, but in the moments of decision-making that define one’s life.

Q5. What appeals to you in the poem? 

Ans: The poem The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost is appealing because it highlights the significance of making careful decisions during crucial moments in our lives. Key points include:

• Life presents us with choices, often without full knowledge of the outcomes.
• We should make decisions after thoroughly considering all available options.
• Our choices can lead to regret or satisfaction, but they ultimately shape our life’s path.
• The poem stresses the importance of thoughtful reasoning before making transformative decisions.

Q1. How was the book that Tommy found different from his own books ?

Ans: The book that Tommy found was an old, real book that belonged to his grandfather’s grandfather. It had crinkly, yellow pages, while Tommy’s books were tale books created by mechanical teachers and computers.

Q2. What kind of book did Tommy show to Margie?

Ans: The book Tommy showed to Margie was an old book that belonged to his grandfather. It had crinkly yellow pages with stories printed on paper, where the words remained still instead of moving on a screen.

Q3. Why did Margie hope that the County Inspector would take away her mechanical teacher?

Ans: Margie hoped that the County Inspector would take away her mechanical teacher because she had been struggling with her geography tests. Her poor performance led to a growing dislike for school, making her wish for a change.

Q4. Tommy thought the old books were funny and a big waste. Why?

Ans: Tommy found the old books to be a waste because the words remained still, unlike the moving text on the screens. He believed they were inefficient since, once read, they could not be reused like the television screen of their mechanical teacher.

Q5. What did County Inspector do to improve Margie’s performance?

Ans: The County Inspector discovered that the geography sector was set too fast for Margie. He adjusted it to a more suitable pace, aligning it with an average ten-year level. Overall, he found Margie’s progress to be quite satisfactory.

Q6. What kind of teachers did Margie and Tommy have?

Ans: Margie and Tommy had mechanical teachers, which were essentially computers, along with telebooks. Their school did not have a separate building; instead, they learned at home. The robotic teachers provided lessons and graded their work, always ready for them.

Q7. Why did Margie hate school?

Ans: Margie hated school because it was just a room in her house, and her teacher was a mechanical one. This teacher constantly gave her tests in geography, which she found frustrating. The answers had to be written in a punch code, and although the results were given immediately, Margie was doing worse each time. This made her dislike school even more.

Q8. What differences do you find in present school and the school described in the lesson ‘The Fun They Had’ ?

Ans: In present-day schools, students learn together in a physical building, and teachers are real people. In contrast, the school described in ‘The Fun They Had’ takes place at home, where the teacher is a mechanical device. This highlights a significant shift in the educational experience.

Q9. How does Tommy describe the old kind of teachers?

Ans: Tommy describes the old teachers as non-mechanical educators who taught in a dedicated building where all children gathered to learn. These teachers engaged with students by asking questions and assigning homework.

Q10. Why did Margie find the book strange?

Ans: The book seemed strange to Margie because it had yellow and crinkly pages. Unlike the words on a screen that moved, the words in the book stood still. When they flipped back to previous pages, the words were exactly the same as when they first read them. All these features were unusual for her.

Q11. Why did Margie’s mother sent for the County Inspector? What did he do?

Ans: Margie’s mother called for the County Inspector because Margie was struggling with her geography tests. The inspector, a small man with a red face, arrived with tools to examine the mechanical teacher.

He took the teacher apart and discovered that the geography section was set to a level that was too advanced for Margie. After adjusting it to a more suitable pace, he reassured her mother that Margie’s overall progress was satisfactory. This adjustment helped Margie feel more comfortable with her studies.

Q12. In spite of all the comforts and luxuries in today’s world, our grandparents still cherish their own time when life was quite tough. Give your own views regarding this in 80-100 words.

Ans: Our grandparents grew up between the 1950s and 1970s, a time when life was both simple and challenging. They had the opportunity to explore their surroundings, enjoying parks with less pollution. While mechanical gadgets existed, they were used sparingly for essential tasks. They could picnic by rivers without worrying about allergies. School was a place of fun, where friendships flourished without the pressure of competition. Togetherness was valued over rivalry. In contrast, today’s world is filled with competition, despite having numerous facilities. We often find ourselves playing on computers instead of spending quality time with family and friends.

Q13. How was Margie’s school different from the schools that existed hundreds of years ago?

Ans: Margie’s school was quite different from schools of the past. She studied at home with a mechanical teacher and used telebooks. There were no other students, and her lessons were delivered through punch codes. In contrast, traditional schools had physical buildings, many students, and human teachers who assigned homework and engaged in discussions. Everyone learned the same subjects, and books were made of paper. This stark difference highlights how Margie’s school experience was unlike the schools that existed hundreds of years ago.

Q14. How is Margie’s school different from a normal school ?

Ans: Margie’s school was quite different from a normal school. She learned from a computer in a room designed for her lessons. There were no teachers present to guide the students, and no homework was assigned. The computer-administered tests and provided results immediately. Additionally, there was no one to correct mistakes or assist with problems, and Margie had no classmates to interact with. Overall, Margie’s school experience was very unlike that of a traditional school.

Q15. ‘Machines can’t replace human beings.’ Explain this in 80-100 words with reference to the Lesson ‘The Fun They Had’.

Ans: A teacher’s role extends beyond simply delivering lessons; they must also understand their students’ mindsets. Unlike a computer instructor, a human teacher can connect emotionally with students, creating a comfortable learning environment. This emotional connection is essential for addressing individual challenges and fostering a supportive atmosphere. While machines can provide information, they lack the ability to impart values and lessons effectively. Therefore, teaching is best accomplished by a person who can engage with students on a deeper level.

Q1. Gerrard talks pleasantly with the intruder. Was he really pleased to see the criminal?

Ans: 

• Gerrard, who lives alone, remains remarkably calm when an intruder breaks into his home and threatens him with a gun. Rather than being pleased, Gerrard is actually shrewd and perceptive. 
• He quickly understands that the intruder has malicious intentions and that confronting him directly could be fatal. Instead, Gerrard engages in polite conversation to buy time. 
• His calm and pleasant demeanor confuses the intruder and delays his plan to kill Gerrard. Through their conversation, Gerrard exposes the intruder’s lack of intelligence and successfully manipulates him. 
• Ultimately, he traps the intruder in a cupboard and calls the police. His outward calmness and cordiality were strategic moves rather than genuine pleasure.

Q2. The intruder is boastful. He threatens Gerrard, “I’ll make you crawl” Was he able to carry out his threat? What happened to him?
Ans: 

• The intruder, armed with a revolver, initially threatens Gerrard and boasts about his plans. However, instead of making Gerrard ‘crawl’, the intruder’s scheme backfires. 
• Gerrard remains calm and engages the intruder in conversation, which leads him to reveal more about himself. The intruder, a criminal on the run, is cleverly tricked by Gerrard. 
• Gerrard convinces him that he is also a criminal and persuades him to look into a cupboard, claiming it is an escape route. Once the intruder is inside, Gerrard locks him in and calls the police. Thus, the intruder’s boastful threat is never realised, and he is ultimately captured.

Q3. Gerrard says, “In most melodramas, the villain is foolish enough to delay his killing long enough to be frustrated. Does this statement hold good for the play ‘If I Were You’?
Ans: 

• The playwright of most melodramas aims for the hero’s success. In the play If I Were You, the villain intends to kill the hero, Gerrard, but appears foolish as he continually delays his plan. 
• Ultimately, his schemes fail, allowing Gerrard to emerge victorious. The intruder, who resembles Gerrard, wants to murder him and assume his identity. 
• He has gathered extensive information about Gerrard but does not realise that Gerrard is a skilled actor. When Gerrard encounters the intruder, he remains calm and friendly, engaging him in conversation. 
• This tactic leads the intruder to reveal more about himself, further postponing his deadly intentions. This delay gives Gerrard the opportunity to devise a counter-strategy. 
• In the climax, Gerrard cleverly pushes the intruder into a cupboard, disarming him and locking him inside. Thus, the intruder’s attempt to kill Gerrard is thwarted, and he is captured.

Q4. The best way to deal with a crisis is not to lose your calm. Discuss this statement with reference to the behaviour of Gerrard in the play.
Ans: 

• Remaining calm during a crisis is vital for success, as shown by Gerrard in the play. When faced with an armed intruder, he maintains his composure instead of panicking. 
• Most people would react with fear, but Gerrard cleverly pretends to be pleased to see the intruder and greets him warmly. This unexpected reaction catches the intruder off guard, allowing Gerrard to gain the upper hand. 
• By encouraging the intruder to talk about himself, Gerrard buys precious time to devise a plan. His calmness is crucial in this tense moment, enabling him to think clearly and outsmart the intruder. 
• Ultimately, Gerrard’s ability to remain unflustered leads to his escape. Through his actions, Gerrard exemplifies that maintaining serenity can be a powerful strategy in overcoming dangerous situations. His quick thinking and composed demeanor highlight the importance of staying calm in the face of adversity.

Q5. Why was Gerrard packing a bag at the beginning of the play? How did it help him to outwit and trap the intruder?
Ans: 

• At the beginning of the play, Gerrard was packing a bag to deliver items to a theatre group for practice. When an intruder burst into his cottage and threatened him, Gerrard remained calm. 
• He quickly fabricated a story about being a criminal trying to escape from the police. The contents of the bag, which included a gun, disguised clothing, and fake moustaches, supported his tale. 
• This convincing act led the intruder to believe Gerrard was telling the truth. The intruder, now convinced, agreed to flee with Gerrard, unwittingly following his instructions. 
• Consequently, the bag played a crucial role in deceiving the intruder into thinking Gerrard was also a criminal, which ultimately led to the intruder’s capture.

Q6. Bring out Gerrard’s intelligence, the presence of mind and sense of humour. How did these traits help him outwit the intruder?
Ans: 

• Gerrard displayed exceptional intelligence and a quick presence of mind when faced with the armed intruder. Instead of panicking, he remained calm, which not only helped him control the situation but also unsettled the intruder, who was likely feeling anxious himself. 
• Gerrard cleverly invented a story about his own criminal past, using his sense of humour to lighten the mood and distract the intruder. He convinced the intruder that the police would arrive shortly, urging him to flee quickly. 
• Gerrard then deceived the intruder into looking inside a cupboard, claiming it was an escape route. As the intruder leaned in, Gerrard pushed him inside, causing the revolver to fall from his hand. 
• He promptly locked the cupboard door, effectively reversing their roles. Through his wit, humour, and foresight, Gerrard successfully outsmarted the threat he faced.

Q7. Why did the intruder find Gerrard’s cooked up the story of his criminal background convincing?
Ans: 

• The intruder, rather than being naive, was suspicious of Gerrard’s every move. When Gerrard tried to talk to him about his identity, the intruder dismissed him, insisting on answering only direct questions. 
• This played into Gerrard’s hands. By staying calm, Gerrard cleverly fabricated a story claiming he was also wanted by the police. He backed up his story by showing a bag filled with disguise costumes and fake moustaches, among other items. 
• Unaware of Gerrard’s background in theatre, the intruder found this tale convincing, believing Gerrard was attempting to evade the authorities. As a result, the intruder fell into Gerrard’s trap. 
• This shows that, despite thinking he was the smartest person in the room, he was outsmarted by Gerrard, who successfully thwarted his malicious plan.

Q8. Imagine you are Gerrard. Write a letter to your friend describing what happened when the intruder broke into your house.
You may describe:

•  the intruder’s appearance
•  his way of speaking, mannerism and movement 
•  his plan to evade the law 
•  your success in outwitting him

Ans.
(Address)
(Date)
Dear ……….
Today I am feeling extremely excited to share with you a very interesting experience which I think may form the plot for my next play.
It so happened that today, in the afternoon, when I was about to leave my cottage with my bag to supply props and make-up at the Globe Theatre, I heard somebody hit against the table in my room. On turning, I saw a man with a physique like mine, wearing a very gaudy overcoat. Aiming his gun at me, he told me in an uncultured manner to put my “paws up”. He did not. Shoot me at once because he needed some information about me. He told me that he had killed a cop and was having a difficult time dodging the police. He wanted to kill me and take up my identity to escape arrest.
But will you believe it that I foiled his plan by outwitting him through a concocted story? I maintained my cool and told him that I myself was a criminal charged with murder. I warned him that if he assumed my identity after killing me, he would still be arrested and executed. I told him that I was expecting an alert call from one of my friends, and just then, the phone rang. Actually, the call was from one of my clients at the theatre who wanted confirmation about the props that I had assured to supply.
My story worked perfectly and when I offered the man to escape with me in my car, he agreed readily. I asked him to peep into the cupboard which I claimed was connected to the garage and the secret escape route. When he learned to peep, I pushed him in the cupboard, snatched his gun, and locked him.
I then answered the phone and asked the caller to send the sergeant to arrest the criminal.
I’m sure you too will find this a smart enough act to be used as a plot for the next play. We can plan the details when we meet on Sunday.
Your loving friend
Gerrard

Q9. The intruder’s plan was clever but not feasible. Do you agree? Give reasons in support of your answer.
Ans. 

• The intruder’s plan to assassinate Gerrard and assume his identity appeared to be very sophisticated on the surface. However, carrying it out was not a viable option. 
• First and foremost, if Gerrard had been killed, the intruder would have had issues disposing of his body, and there is a likelihood that his crime would have been discovered and he would have been apprehended.
• If he had been able to deal with this aspect of the play, his theatre clients’ concerns would have grown as a result of his inability to reach Gerrard. They would have definitely sought police assistance in this matter, and the invader would have been apprehended soon.
• As a result, the intruder’s plan, however wonderful it seemed to him, was not practical. It appeared straightforward and fool-proof in theory, but in practise, it was far too sophisticated to be carried out properly.

Q1: How does the poet react to the untimely, sudden and shocking death of his beloved? What does he imagine her to be after her death?
Ans: The sudden and untimely death of his beloved leaves the poet stunned. It is not easy to express the poet’s feelings in words. Actually, a deep slumber ‘sealed’ his spirit. He fell as if he were in deep sleep. This deep sleep seems to have closed off his body and soul. She is no more and will not be affected by the earthly years as well as by the touch of five physical senses. 

She will feel no motion, movement or force. Nor will be able to hear or see. Yet she will become an inseparable part of nature. Physical death doesn’t mean that will be condemned to an everlasting death. No, she will roll round in earth’s diurnal course. She will become one with rocks, stones and trees.

Q2: Give a brief analysis of the poem ‘A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal’ in your own words.
Ans: In the poem ‘A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal’ the poet describes his beloved after her death. In the first stanza, the poet says that the death of his beloved made him very depressed. He says that his beloved has now become a non-living thing that cannot feel the touch of anything on the earth. In the second stanza, he says that his beloved has no motion. She can neither hear any sound nor can she see any thing. She is trapped under the earth and revolves with rocks, stones and trees.

Q3:  All of us know that nothing is ours permanently, then why do we suffer so much to have more and more?
Ans: It is true that nothing belongs to us permanently because one day we have to leave all the things on the earth. Nevertheless, people crave for more wealth, fame, knowledge, and beauty and even commit crimes, because this is human nature. We cannot separate ourselves from such things. If we give up our greed to have more and more, the world will be a much better place to live in. People would not go to extremes to achieve something.