07. The Gupta Era: An Age Of Tireless Creativity Chapter worksheet Solution

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Q1: What is the Gupta Era known for?
a) The rise of the Maurya Empire
b) Achievements in art, literature, and science
c) The fall of the Harappan civilization
d) The start of Islamic rule in India

Ans: b) Achievements in art, literature, and science

The Gupta Era is known for significant advancements in art, literature, science, and governance, marking a period of cultural flourishing.

Q2: Who was the father of Chandragupta II?
a) Samudragupta
b) Samudraka
c) Ashoka
d) Dhanananda

Ans: a) Samudragupta

Samudragupta, a powerful warrior king, was the father of Chandragupta II, who expanded the Gupta Empire.

Q3: What was the name of the Gupta ruler who performed the Ashvamedha Yajña?
a) Chandragupta II
b) Samudragupta
c) Ashoka
d) Harisena

Ans: b) Samudragupta

Samudragupta performed the Ashvamedha Yajña, a Vedic ritual to assert his sovereignty.

Q4: Which foreign traveler visited India during the Gupta period?
a) Hiuen Tsang
b) Faxian
c) Marco Polo
d) Ibn Battuta

Ans: b) Faxian

Faxian, a Chinese traveler, visited India in the early 5th century CE and documented his observations of Indian society during the Gupta period.

Q5: What was a significant contribution of Āryabhaṭa in the Gupta period?
a) He wrote about architecture and sculpture.
b) He made advances in mathematics and astronomy.
c) He created the first coinage system.
d) He founded the Nalanda University.

Ans: b) He made advances in mathematics and astronomy.

Āryabhaṭa is known for his work in mathematics and astronomy, including his theories on the Earth’s rotation and the calculation of pi.

Q6: What was the main trade commodity of the Gupta Empire?
a) Spices and textiles
b) Coins and gold
c) Iron and steel
d) Silk and porcelain

Ans: a) Spices and textiles

The Gupta Empire was known for its trade in spices, textiles, gemstones, and other goods, with active trade routes extending to other parts of the world.

Gupta Coins

Q7: Which Gupta king is known for promoting the arts and literature, and for ruling over the empire at its height?
a) Chandragupta I
b) Samudragupta
c) Chandragupta II
d) Harisena

Ans: c) Chandragupta II

Chandragupta II, also known as Vikramaditya, ruled during the peak of the Gupta Empire, promoting arts, literature, and scientific advancements.

Q8: What was the primary purpose of the Iron Pillar in Delhi?
a) To honor the Mauryan Empire
b) To commemorate military victories
c) To demonstrate Gupta advancements in metallurgy
d) To mark the boundaries of the Gupta Empire

Ans: c) To demonstrate Gupta advancements in metallurgy

The Iron Pillar in Delhi is famous for its rust-resistant iron, showcasing the Gupta’s advanced knowledge of metallurgy.

Q9: Which language flourished during the Gupta period and became central to literature and philosophy?
a) Prakrit
b) Sanskrit
c) Pali
d) Tamil

Ans: b) Sanskrit

Sanskrit became the primary language for literature, philosophy, and religious texts during the Gupta period, with many famous works being written in it.

Q10: Which Gupta ruler was particularly noted for his patronage of scholars and artists?
a) Samudragupta
b) Chandragupta II
c) Harisena
d) Kumaragupta

Ans: b) Chandragupta II

Chandragupta II, also known as Vikramaditya, was famous for his patronage of scholars and artists, and his court was home to many renowned intellectuals.

King Vikramaditya

Fill in the Blanks

Q1: The Gupta Empire is often referred to as the __________ Age due to its cultural and intellectual achievements.
Ans: Classical

The Gupta period is called the Classical Age because of the significant progress made in various fields, including art, literature, and science.

Q2: The Gupta rulers used __________ to expand their empire, combining military conquests and alliances.
Ans: Diplomacy

Gupta rulers used a combination of military power and diplomatic alliances to expand their empire.

Q3: The __________ Pillar in Delhi, dating back to the Gupta period, showcases the empire’s achievements in metallurgy.
Ans: Iron

The Iron Pillar in Delhi demonstrates the Gupta Empire’s advanced knowledge of ironworking, as it resists rust even after centuries.


Iron Pillar, Mehraulli, Delhi

Q4: __________ was a famous Chinese traveler who visited India during the Gupta period and wrote about his experiences.
Ans: Faxian

Faxian, a Chinese monk, traveled to India in the early 5th century CE, documenting his observations of Gupta society.

Q5: The Gupta period is noted for advancements in __________, with scholars like Āryabhaṭa making significant contributions.
Ans: Mathematics and astronomy

Āryabhaṭa made major contributions to mathematics and astronomy, including his theories on the Earth’s rotation.

Q6: The Gupta rulers were also known for their patronage of __________, with scholars like Kālidāsa writing famous literary works.
Ans: Literature

The Gupta rulers, particularly Chandragupta II, supported literature, and Kālidāsa became one of the most famous poets of this period)

Q7: Gupta administration was efficient, with local leaders receiving __________ to manage their territories.
Ans: Land grants

The Guptas used land grants to allow local rulers to govern territories while ensuring they paid tribute and supported the empire.

Q8: __________, a famous work by Varāhamihira, covers topics like astrology, weather forecasting, and architecture.
Ans: Brihat Samhita

Varāhamihira’s Brihat Samhita was a comprehensive work that covered various topics, including astrology and architecture.

Q9: The Gupta rulers supported __________ by funding institutions like Nālandā University.
Ans: Education

The Gupta rulers promoted education by supporting centers of learning such as Nālandā University, which attracted scholars from across Asia.

Q10: The Gupta period saw significant progress in __________, with the development of beautiful sculptures and paintings in places like Ajanta and Udayagiri.
Ans: Art

The Gupta period was a golden age for Indian art, with advancements in sculpture and painting, particularly in places like Ajanta and Udayagiri Caves.

Ajanta Caves

Very Short Answer Questions

Q1: What was the capital of the Gupta Empire?
Ans: Pataliputra.

Q2: What is the significance of the Iron Pillar in Delhi?
Ans: It demonstrates Gupta advances in metallurgy as it resists rust.

Q3: Who was Faxian?
Ans: A Chinese traveler who visited India during the Gupta period and wrote about it.

Q4: What was the primary language used for literature during the Gupta period?
Ans: Sanskrit.

Nalanda University

Short Answer Questions

Q1: How did the Gupta Empire support art and culture?
Ans: The Gupta rulers, especially Chandragupta II, supported art and culture by patronizing artists, poets, and scholars, leading to advancements in literature, sculpture, and architecture.

Q2: What was the role of diplomacy in the Gupta Empire?
Ans: The Gupta Empire used diplomacy to form alliances with other kingdoms, ensuring stability and helping expand their influence across India.

Q3: How did the Gupta Empire impact mathematics and astronomy?
Ans: Scholars like Āryabhaṭa made significant contributions, including calculations on the Earth’s size, motions of celestial bodies, and the concept of zero.

Q4: Why is the Gupta period called the Classical Age?
Ans: It is called the Classical Age because of the remarkable achievements in art, literature, science, and governance that shaped the future of India.

Q5: What was the significance of Nālandā University?
Ans: Nālandā University was a major center of learning supported by the Guptas, attracting scholars from around the world and contributing to the spread of knowledge.

Match the Following

(Match Column A with the correct option in Column B)

Ans: Matched Pairs and Explanations:

  • 1 → c: Chandragupta II was known for his patronage of arts and culture, which flourished during his reign.
  • 2 → b: Āryabhaṭa made major contributions to mathematics and astronomy, particularly in the study of the Earth’s rotation.
  • 3 → e: Faxian, the Chinese traveler, visited India and wrote about his observations of Gupta society.
  • 4 → d: Gupta art, exemplified by the Iron Pillar, showcases their advanced skills in sculpture and metalworking.
  • 5 → a: Nālandā University was a prominent learning center during the Gupta period, supported by Gupta rulers.

06. The Age Of Reorganisation Chapter worksheet Solution

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Q1: What was the main reason for the formation of new kingdoms after the Maurya Empire?
a) Rise of new empires
b) Internal conflicts and invasions
c) Religious conversion
d) Peace treaties

Ans: b) Internal conflicts and invasions

After the Maurya Empire collapsed, internal conflicts and foreign invasions led to the rise of new kingdoms.

Maurya Empire

Q2: Who started the Śhunga dynasty?
a) Ashoka
b) Chandragupta Maurya
c) Puṣhyamitra Śhunga
d) Dhanananda

Ans: c) Puṣhyamitra Śhunga

Puṣhyamitra Śhunga, a Mauryan commander, killed the last Maurya emperor and started the Śhunga dynasty.

Q3: What was the primary feature of the Śhunga Empire?
a) Large expansion across the subcontinent
b) Promotion of Buddhism
c) Revival of Vedic rituals
d) Invasion of the south

Ans: c) Revival of Vedic rituals

The Śhunga Empire revived Vedic rituals, such as the Ashvamedha yajña, and supported art and architecture.

King Rama Performing Ashwamedha Yajna

Q4: Which ancient city was the capital of the Sātavāhana dynasty?
a) Ujjain
b) Pataliputra
c) Amrāvatī
d) Kausambi

Ans: c) Amrāvatī

Amrāvatī was one of the capitals of the Sātavāhana dynasty, located in present-day Andhra Pradesh.

Q5: What was the primary trade item for the Sātavāhanas?
a) Spices
b) Gold
c) Pearls
d) Textiles

Ans: a) Spices

The Sātavāhanas traded spices, textiles, gold-plated pearls, and ivory, especially with the Roman Empire.

Q6: Which ruler of the Chedi dynasty was a supporter of Jainism?
a) Khāravela
b) Dhanananda
c) Chandragupta Maurya
d) Ashoka

Ans: a) Khāravela

King Khāravela of the Chedi dynasty was a follower of Jainism, known for his patronage of Jain culture.

Q7: What was the contribution of the Sātavāhanas to literature?
a) Development of Sanskrit literature
b) Promotion of Tamil poetry
c) Support for Sangam literature
d) Spread of Vedic texts

Ans: c) Support for Sangam literature

The Sātavāhanas supported Tamil literature, particularly the Sangam poems, which focused on love and heroism.

Q8: What role did the Indo-Greeks play in India?
a) They formed the first Indian empire.
b) They blended Greek and Indian cultures.
c) They conquered all of India.
d) They promoted Hinduism.

Ans: b) They blended Greek and Indian cultures.

The Indo-Greeks adopted Indian culture while introducing Greek styles in art, architecture, and governance.

Q9: Which famous art styles did the Kuṣhāṇas contribute to?
a) Gandhara and Mathura
b) Ajanta and Ellora
c) Mughal art
d) Rajasthani miniature painting

Ans: a) Gandhara and Mathura

The Kuṣhāṇas influenced the Gandhara and Mathura art styles, blending Indian and Greek elements.

Gandhara and Mathura Art Styles

Q10: Which dynasty ruled parts of south India during the period of reorganisation?
a) Mauryas
b) Cholas
c) Guptas
d) Cheras, Cholas, and Pāṇḍyas

Ans: d) Cheras, Cholas, and Pāṇḍyas

The Cheras, Cholas, and Pāṇḍyas ruled parts of south India, boosting trade and culture.

Fill in the Blanks

Q1: The Śhunga dynasty was started by __________, a Mauryan commander.
Ans: Puṣhyamitra Śhunga

Puṣhyamitra Śhunga killed the last Maurya emperor and founded the Śhunga dynasty.

Q2: The Sātavāhanas ruled the __________ region.
Ans: Deccan

The Sātavāhanas controlled the Deccan region, which includes present-day Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and Maharashtra)

Satavahana Coin

Q3: The __________ caves in Odisha were built by King Khāravela for Jain monks.
Ans: Udayagiri-Khandagiri

These caves have intricate carvings and are significant examples of Jain rock-cut architecture.

Q4: The __________ was a Vedic ritual performed by the Śhunga kings.
Ans: Ashvamedha yajña

The Ashvamedha yajña was performed by Śhunga rulers, where a horse roamed freely to claim land or establish dominance.

Q5: The Sātavāhanas were known for their __________, showing their trade connections.
Ans: Coins

The Sātavāhanas used coins that often depicted ships, indicating their strong maritime trade.

Q6: The Indo-Greek ruler __________ built the Heliodorus pillar in Madhya Pradesh.
Ans: Antialcidas

The Heliodorus pillar praises the god Vāsudeva and represents the blending of Greek and Indian cultures.

Heliodorus Pillar Near Vidisha

Q7: The __________ dynasty had an empire that stretched from Central Asia to northern India.
Ans: Kuṣhāṇa

The Kuṣhāṇa Empire was a Central Asian dynasty that significantly influenced northern India.

Q8: The __________ art style was influenced by the Kuṣhāṇas and mixed Indian and Greek elements.
Ans: Gandhara

Gandhara art, developed under the Kuṣhāṇas, combined Greek artistic techniques with Indian religious themes.

Q9: The __________ kingdom of south India was known for trading pearls with the Romans.
Ans: Pāṇḍya

The Pāṇḍyas were known for their prosperous pearl trade, especially with the Romans.

Chera, Chola, Pandya

Q10: The __________ period in south India is known for its Sangam literature.
Ans: Sangam

The Sangam Age produced Tamil poetry that described love, heroism, and social values.

Very Short Answer Questions

Q1: Who founded the Śhunga dynasty?
Ans: Puṣhyamitra Śhunga.

Q2: What were the Sātavāhana rulers known for in terms of trade?
Ans: They had strong maritime trade, trading spices and textiles.

Q3: Which ruler promoted Jainism in the Chedi dynasty?
Ans: Khāravela.

Q4: Where did the Indo-Greeks establish their presence in India?
Ans: Northwest India.

Q5: What was the major contribution of the Kuṣhāṇas to Indian art?
Ans: Gandhara and Mathura art styles.

Shunga Contribution to Art

Short Answer Questions

Q1: How did the Śhunga Empire influence Indian culture?
Ans: The Śhunga Empire revived Vedic rituals, promoted Sanskrit literature, and contributed to art by building the Bharhut Stūpa with beautiful carvings.

Q2: What role did trade play in the Sātavāhana Empire?
Ans: The Sātavāhanas thrived on trade, especially maritime trade, importing goods like glass and perfumes while exporting spices, textiles, and ivory.

Q3: How did the Indo-Greek rulers blend their culture with Indian traditions?
Ans: The Indo-Greeks adopted Indian culture, blending Greek and Indian artistic styles and religious practices, as seen in their coins and sculptures.

Q4: Why did the Sātavāhanas support multiple religions?
Ans: The Sātavāhanas, while supporting Vedic rituals, allowed Jains, Buddhists, and other groups to thrive by providing them with land and patronage.

Q5: What was the significance of the Kalinga War in Ashoka’s life?
Ans: The Kalinga War led Ashoka to embrace Buddhism and non-violence, promoting peace and moral governance through his edicts.

Match the Following

(Match Column A with the correct option in Column B)

Ans: Matched Pairs and Explanations:

  • 1 → d: Puṣhyamitra Śhunga revived Vedic rituals and expanded the Śhunga Empire.
  • 2 → b: The Sātavāhanas thrived on trade, particularly in spices and textiles with foreign countries.
  • 3 → c: Khāravela built Jain rock-cut caves in Odisha and supported Jainism.
  • 4 → a: The Indo-Greeks contributed to Gandhara art, blending Greek and Indian elements.
  • 5 → e: The Kuṣhāṇas promoted Jainism, Buddhism, and art, blending Indian and Greek styles.

05. The Rise of Empires Chapter worksheet Solution

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Q1: What is the main feature of an empire?
a) A ruler governs one kingdom.
b) A ruler controls many smaller kingdoms.
c) The kingdom is independent of others.
d) The ruler is elected by the people.

Ans: b) A ruler controls many smaller kingdoms.

An empire is a large territory where a powerful emperor governs many smaller kingdoms or regions.

Q2: What did tributary kingdoms do in an empire?
a) They were fully independent.
b) They paid tribute to the emperor.
c) They ruled their own territories.
d) They supported military campaigns.

Ans: b) They paid tribute to the emperor.

Tributary kingdoms paid money, goods, or services to the emperor in exchange for protection and loyalty.

Q3: Which of the following was a reason for the expansion of empires?
a) To maintain peace
b) To gain fame and resources
c) To form alliances
d) To promote democracy

Ans: b) To gain fame and resources

One of the main reasons for empire expansion was the desire for resources, wealth, and fame.

Q4: Who helped Chandragupta Maurya to establish the Maurya Empire?
a) Dhanananda
b) Alexander the Great
c) Kauṭilya
d) Ashoka

Ans: c) Kauṭilya

Kauṭilya, also known as Chanakya, guided Chandragupta Maurya in founding the Maurya Empire and overthrowing the Nanda dynasty.

Maurya Empire

Q5: What was the capital of the Maurya Empire under Chandragupta?
a) Pataliputra
b) Rajagriha
c) Kausambi
d) Ujjain

Ans: a) Pataliputra

Pataliputra (modern-day Patna) was the capital of the Maurya Empire, strategically located for administration and trade.

Q6: What did Kauṭilya’s Arthashastra primarily focus on?
a) Religion
b) Warfare and governance
c) Literature
d) Agriculture

Ans: b) Warfare and governance

Kauṭilya’s Arthashastra is a treatise on statecraft, economics, and military strategy.

Q7: Who succeeded Chandragupta Maurya as emperor of the Maurya Empire?
a) Dhanananda
b) Ashoka
c) Ajatashatru
d) Mahapadma Nanda

Ans: b) Ashoka

Ashoka, the grandson of Chandragupta, succeeded him and expanded the empire significantly.

Q8: What was the significant change in Ashoka’s rule after the Kalinga War?
a) He focused on expanding the empire further.
b) He became a pacifist and embraced Buddhism.
c) He implemented stricter laws for the empire.
d) He strengthened military power.

Ans: b) He became a pacifist and embraced Buddhism.

After the brutal Kalinga War, Ashoka adopted Buddhism and promoted non-violence and peace.

Kalinga War

Q9: Which of the following was a key feature of the Maurya Empire’s governance?
a) Decentralized rule with local rulers in charge
b) Centralized administration with a strong military
c) Democracy where people voted for rulers
d) Isolation from foreign empires

Ans: b) Centralized administration with a strong military

The Maurya Empire had a strong centralized administration with a powerful military that helped maintain control over vast regions.

Q10: What was the primary purpose of Ashoka’s edicts?
a) To celebrate military victories
b) To promote Buddhism and moral values
c) To establish a monarchy
d) To create a system of taxation

Ans: b) To promote Buddhism and moral values

Ashoka’s edicts, written in Prakrit and inscribed on pillars and rocks, promoted dharma (moral duties) and Buddhist teachings.

Fill in the Blanks

Q1: An empire is ruled by a powerful __________.
Ans: Emperor

The emperor has control over many smaller kingdoms or regions within the empire.

Q2: The capital of the Maurya Empire under Chandragupta was __________.
Ans: Pataliputra

Pataliputra (Patna) was the capital city of the Maurya Empire, serving as the center of governance.

Q3: The Maurya Empire’s administration was based on __________.
Ans: Centralization

The empire was centralized, with the emperor controlling all important decisions, supported by a bureaucracy.

Q4: Ashoka’s transformation after the Kalinga War led him to promote __________.
Ans: Buddhism

Ashoka embraced Buddhism and promoted its peaceful teachings after witnessing the devastation caused by the Kalinga War.

Q5: Kauṭilya, also known as Chanakya, wrote the __________ on governance and economics.
Ans: Arthashastra

The Arthashastra provides a detailed guide on statecraft, governance, and military strategy.

Q6: The Maurya Empire used __________ as a tool for managing and expanding the empire.
Ans: Warfare

Emperors like Chandragupta used military power to expand and maintain control over large territories.

Q7: The __________ dynasty ruled Magadha before the Mauryas.
Ans: Nanda

The Nanda dynasty was overthrown by Chandragupta Maurya, marking the rise of the Maurya Empire.

Q8: Ashoka’s __________ were inscribed on pillars and rocks throughout the empire.
Ans: Edicts

Ashoka’s edicts promoted Buddhist values and moral conduct, encouraging peace and welfare.

Q9: The Maurya Empire was known for its __________, which was used to manage its vast territory.
Ans: Administration

The Maurya Empire had a highly structured administration to manage its large territory and diverse population.

Q10: __________ was a major resource for the Maurya Empire’s army, used for weapons and tools.
Ans: Iron

Iron was crucial for the Maurya Empire’s military, as it was used to make weapons and tools.

Mauryan Empire

Very Short Answer Questions

Q1: What is the Latin origin of the word ’empire’?
Ans: Imperium, meaning “supreme power.”

Q2: Who helped Chandragupta Maurya in establishing the Maurya Empire?
Ans: Kauṭilya (Chanakya).

Q3: What was the main contribution of Ashoka’s edicts?
Ans: Promoting Buddhist values and moral duties.

Q4: Which battle made Ashoka choose non-violence?
Ans: The Kalinga War.

Q5: What was the capital of the Maurya Empire?
Ans: Pataliputra.

Edicts of Ashoka

Short Answer Questions

Q1: How did the Nanda dynasty contribute to the rise of the Maurya Empire?
Ans: The Nanda dynasty helped consolidate the region of Magadha, making it an ideal base for Chandragupta Maurya to rise to power and expand the empire.

Q2: What was the role of Kauṭilya in the formation of the Maurya Empire?
Ans: Kauṭilya, also known as Chanakya, provided strategic advice, helped overthrow the Nandas, and guided Chandragupta in establishing and expanding the Maurya Empire.

Q3: How did the Maurya Empire impact trade and administration?
Ans: The Mauryas built a strong administrative system and protected trade routes, facilitating economic growth, especially in trade and cities.

Q4: What were Ashoka’s views on governance, as seen in his edicts?
Ans: Ashoka promoted moral governance based on dharma, emphasizing non-violence, justice, and the welfare of his people.

Q5: Why was the Kalinga War significant for Ashoka’s rule?
Ans: The Kalinga War caused massive destruction, leading Ashoka to adopt Buddhism and promote peace, non-violence, and welfare through his edicts.

Match the Following

(Match Column A with the correct option in Column B)

Ans: Matched Pairs and Explanations:

  • 1 → d: The Maurya Empire had its capital in Pataliputra, from where governance was centralized)
  • 2 → c: Ashoka’s edicts promoted the spread of Buddhism and moral values across the empire.
  • 3 → b: Kauṭilya wrote the Arthashastra, a book on governance and strategy.
  • 4 → e: Chandragupta Maurya introduced administrative reforms that helped manage the empire.
  • 5 → a: Ashoka’s reign was marked by the Kalinga War, which led to his conversion to Buddhism and promotion of peace.

04. New Beginning: Cities and states Chapter worksheet Solution

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Q1: What does the term ‘Second Urbanisation’ refer to?
a) Growth of cities during the British era
b) Rebuilding of Harappan cities
c) Growth of new cities in the 1st millennium BCE
d) Urban development in the Gupta period

Ans: c) Growth of new cities in the 1st millennium BCE

The Second Urbanisation marks the emergence of new cities after the Harappan civilisation.

Q2: Which ancient capital was located in the mahajanapada of Magadha?
a) Ujjain
b) Rajagriha
c) Kausambi
d) Pataliputra

Ans: b) Rajagriha

Rajagriha was the capital of Magadha, one of the strongest mahajanapadas.

Q3: What was the role of the sabhā or samiti in janapadas?
a) They collected taxes
b) They conducted rituals
c) They advised the raja
d) They built fortifications

Ans: c) They advised the raja

The sabhā or samiti was a council of elders advising the ruler.

Samiti

Q4: Which of the following was a gana or sangha rather than a monarchy?
a) Magadha
b) Kosala
c) Vajji
d) Avanti

Ans: c) Vajji

Vajji had a republican form of government with decision-making councils.

Q5: What helped the mahajanapadas grow in the Ganga plains?
a) Lack of enemies
b) Coastal trade
c) Fertile land and iron tools
d) Influence of Harappan cities

Ans: c) Fertile land and iron tools

Fertile plains and access to iron tools supported agriculture and defense.

Q6: Which of these was a key innovation in the economic system of the mahajanapadas?
a) Use of bronze coins
b) Stone seals
c) Punch-marked coins
d) Gold jewellery

Ans: c) Punch-marked coins

These silver coins with symbols were used for trade.

Q7: Which southern kingdom was known for trade in spices and precious stones?
a) Mauryas
b) Cheras
c) Guptas
d) Kushanas

Ans: b) Cheras

The Cheras, along with Cholas and Pandyas, traded valuable goods in south India.

CholasCheras, and Pandyas.

Q8: What term describes the social group associated with a specific job passed through families?
a) Varna
b) Samiti
c) Jāti
d) Sabha

Ans: c) Jāti

Jātis were job-based social groups inherited by families.

Q9: Which trade route connected the Ganga plains with south India?
a) Uttarapatha
b) Dakshinapatha
c) Silk Route
d) Spice Route

Ans: b) Dakshinapatha

Dakshinapatha was the southern trade route of ancient India.

Q10: Which of the following varnas included traders and farmers?
a) Brahmins
b) Kshatriyas
c) Vaishyas
d) Shudras

Ans: c) Vaishyas

Vaishyas were involved in trade, farming, and generating wealth.

Fill in the Blanks 

Q1: The term janapada means “where people __________.”
Ans: Set foot

It refers to territories settled by early groups or clans.

Q2: The __________ was a council of elders that advised the raja.
Ans: Sabha

Sabha or samiti was part of early democratic governance.

Q3: Fortified cities often had __________ and narrow gateways for defense.
Ans: Moats

Moats added an extra layer of protection to city walls.

Q4: The capital of Vatsa mahajanapada was __________.
Ans: Kausambi

Kausambi was one of the prominent cities during this time.

Q5: __________ coins were early silver coins stamped with symbols.
Ans: Punch-marked

These coins supported trade within and beyond regions.

Q6: In a __________, the raja’s power passed to his son.
Ans: Monarchy

Monarchies were hereditary systems of rule.

Q7: __________ is the term for a job-based group in society.
Ans: Jāti

Jātis were often tied to occupations and social customs.

Q8: The term varna comes from __________ texts.
Ans: Vedic

Vedic literature describes the four varnas.

Q9: The __________ kingdom in south India is mentioned in ancient Tamil texts.
Ans: Chola

The Cholas were one of the three major southern kingdoms.

Q10: __________ connected northwest India with the Ganga plains.
Ans: Uttarapatha

Uttarapatha was a key trade and travel route in early India.

Map of 16 Mahajanpadas

Very Short Answer Questions 

Q1: What does the word janapada literally mean?
Ans: Where people set foot.

Q2: Name any one mahajanapada with a republican form of government.
Ans: Vajji.

Q3: What metal became common for tools and weapons in this period?
Ans: Iron.

Q4: What were early Indian coins called?
Ans: Punch-marked coins.

Q5: Which ancient capital is now near modern-day Patna?
Ans: Rajagriha.

Varna System

Short Answer Questions

Q1: What were mahajanapadas and why were they important?
Ans: Mahajanapadas were large states formed from janapadas. They marked India’s Second Urbanisation with cities, trade, and governance.

Q2: What was the role of sabhā and samiti in governance?
Ans: They were councils of elders who advised or even elected rulers, especially in ganas and sanghas with democratic traditions.

Q3: How did iron tools impact agriculture?
Ans: Iron tools were stronger and sharper, making farming more efficient and supporting larger food production.

Q4: Describe the social structure based on varnas.
Ans: Vedic society had four varnas – Brahmins (priests), Kshatriyas (warriors), Vaishyas (traders), and Shudras (workers).

Q5: What was Dakshinapatha and why was it significant?
Ans: It was a major route from central to south India, helping trade, military, and cultural exchange.

Match the Following

(Match Column A with the correct option in Column B)

Ans: Matched Pairs and Explanations:

  • 1 → c: Magadha’s capital was Rajagriha, a strong fortified city.
  • 2 → b: Punch-marked coins were made of silver and used in trade.
  • 3 → a: Vajji was a gana with a republican government.
  • 4 → d: The Cholas in south India traded spices and precious stones.
  • 5 → e: Sabha and samiti were councils that guided or chose rulers.

03. Climates Of India Chapter worksheet Solution

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Q1: What is the main difference between weather and climate?
a) Weather is the average condition over many years, while climate is the short-term condition.
b) Weather is the short-term condition, while climate is the average condition over many years.
c) Weather occurs only in tropical areas, while climate is for the entire planet.
d) Weather and climate are the same thing.

Ans: b) Weather is the short-term condition, while climate is the average condition over many years.

Weather refers to daily atmospheric conditions, while climate is the long-term average of weather patterns in a region.


Difference between Weather and Climate

Q2: Which region of India experiences an alpine climate?
a) Western Ghats
b) Himalayan region
c) Ganga Plains
d) Thar Desert

Ans: b) Himalayan region

The Himalayan region experiences an alpine climate with cold winters and cool summers.

Q3: Which of the following is not a factor affecting India’s climate?
a) Latitude
b) Altitude
c) Longitude
d) Proximity to the sea

Ans: c) Longitude

Latitude, altitude, and proximity to the sea all influence India’s climate, but longitude doesn’t have a direct effect.

Q4: What does the term ‘microclimate’ refer to?
a) A region with a climate similar to the surrounding areas.
b) A small area with a unique climate different from its surrounding areas.
c) A type of tropical climate.
d) A specific seasonal weather pattern.

Ans: b) A small area with a unique climate different from its surrounding areas.

Microclimates are localized weather conditions that differ from the overall climate of the region.

Q5: Which of the following is a primary characteristic of the Thar Desert?
a) Cold winters with snowfall
b) Hot days with cool nights
c) Tropical wet climate
d) Mild summers and winters

Ans: b) Hot days with cool nights

The Thar Desert experiences extreme temperature variations, with hot days and cool nights.

Thar Desert

Q6: What is the main reason for the monsoon rains in India?
a) Winds from the Arctic
b) Wind patterns caused by pressure differences between land and sea
c) Heavy snowmelt from the Himalayas
d) Winds from the Bay of Bengal only

Ans: b) Wind patterns caused by pressure differences between land and sea

The monsoon rains are caused by low-pressure systems over land, which draw in moisture-laden winds from the ocean.

Q7: Which climate type is found in the Western Coast of India?
a) Arid climate
b) Tropical wet climate
c) Alpine climate
d) Temperate climate

Ans: b) Tropical wet climate

The Western Coast experiences a tropical wet climate, with heavy monsoon rainfall ideal for growing rice and spices.

Q8: What is the role of the Himalayas in India’s climate?
a) They block cold desert winds from Central Asia.
b) They warm the air in the northern plains.
c) They prevent rainfall in the southern parts.
d) They help control the monsoon winds.

Ans: a) They block cold desert winds from Central Asia.

The Himalayas act as a barrier, preventing cold desert winds from reaching India’s northern plains.

Q9: Which region of India is most affected by the Northeast Monsoon?
a) Western Ghats
b) Deccan Plateau
c) Eastern India and Southern Peninsula
d) Himalayan region

Ans: c) Eastern India and Southern Peninsula

The Northeast Monsoon brings rain to parts of eastern India and the southern peninsula)

Q10: Which of the following cities experiences a larger range of temperatures between summer and winter?
a) Mumbai
b) Delhi
c) Chennai
d) Kolkata

Ans: b) Delhi

Delhi, being inland, experiences extreme temperatures, with hot summers and cold winters, unlike coastal cities.


Monsoons 

Fill in the Blanks

Q1: The weather of India is greatly influenced by the __________ system.
Ans: Monsoon

The monsoon system brings seasonal rains to India, significantly impacting its weather.

Q2: The __________ climate is found in the Himalayan region, where temperatures stay below freezing in the highest peaks.
Ans: Alpine

The alpine climate in the Himalayas is characterized by cold winters and cool summers.

Q3: __________ is the term for the small area’s unique climate that differs from its surrounding region.
Ans: Microclimate

Microclimates are areas with weather conditions that vary from those of the surrounding region.

Q4: The __________ Desert has hot days and cool nights, with very little rainfall.
Ans: Thar

The Thar Desert is an arid region with extreme temperature fluctuations and minimal rainfall.

Q5: The __________ Monsoon brings rain to the eastern and southern parts of India during winter.
Ans: Northeast

The Northeast Monsoon is responsible for rainfall in the southeastern regions of India.

Q6: The __________ climate in India is ideal for growing rice and spices due to heavy monsoon rainfall.
Ans: Tropical wet

The tropical wet climate on the western coast of India supports rice and spice farming.

Q7: The __________ Plateau experiences a semi-arid climate with hot summers and mild winters.
Ans: Deccan

The Deccan Plateau, in central India, has a semi-arid climate and moderate rainfall during the monsoon season.

Q8: __________ is the term for the rise in global temperatures caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases.
Ans: Global warming

Global warming is the result of increased levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which trap heat.

Global Warming

Q9: The __________ ranges influence rainfall by blocking moist air coming from the sea.
Ans: Western Ghats

The Western Ghats play a crucial role in rainfall patterns by blocking moist winds from the Arabian Sea.

Q10: __________ refers to the average weather pattern in an area over many years.
Ans: Climate

Climate is the long-term average of weather conditions in a region, measured over many years.

Very Short Answer Questions

Q1: What does the word “monsoon” mean?
Ans: Monsoon comes from the Arabic word “mausim,” meaning season.

Q2: What is a microclimate?
Ans: A small area’s unique climate different from its surrounding region.

Q3: Which climate is found in the Deccan Plateau?
Ans: Semi-arid climate.

Q4: What causes the monsoon rains in India?
Ans: Seasonal winds caused by temperature differences between land and sea.

Q5: Which region has the coldest climate in India?
Ans: The Himalayan region.

Short Answer Questions

Q1: What is the difference between weather and climate?
Ans: Weather refers to the short-term conditions of the atmosphere, while climate is the long-term average of these conditions over many years.

Q2: How does altitude affect India’s climate?
Ans: Higher altitudes, like hill stations, have cooler climates, while lower areas experience warmer temperatures.

Q3: Why is the Western Ghats important in determining the climate of India?
Ans: The Western Ghats influence monsoon rainfall by blocking moist air from the sea, leading to heavy rainfall on the western side.

Q4: What role does latitude play in India’s climate?
Ans: Areas closer to the Equator, like Kanyakumari, remain warm year-round, while regions further north, like Srinagar, experience cooler climates.

Q5: How does proximity to the sea influence the climate?
Ans: Coastal areas have milder temperatures due to the sea’s ability to moderate both summer and winter temperatures.

Proximity to Sea

Match the Following 

(Match Column A with the correct option in Column B)

Ans: Matched Pairs and Explanations:

  • 1 → e: The Thar Desert is an arid region with extreme temperature fluctuations.
  • 2 → c: The Himalayan region has an alpine climate with cold temperatures year-round)
  • 3 → a: The Western Ghats receive heavy monsoon rains, supporting tropical wet climates.
  • 4 → b: The Deccan Plateau experiences a semi-arid climate with hot summers.
  • 5 → d: The Western Coast has a tropical wet climate, ideal for rice farming due to heavy monsoon rains.

02. Understanding the weather Chapter worksheet Solution

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Q1: Which layer of the atmosphere is responsible for weather phenomena?
a) Stratosphere
b) Thermosphere
c) Troposphere
d) Mesosphere

Ans: c) Troposphere

Weather events like rain and wind occur in the troposphere, the lowest layer of the atmosphere.

Troposphere

Q2: Which instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure?
a) Thermometer
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Anemometer

Ans: b) Barometer

A barometer measures air pressure, helping predict storms and depressions.

Q3: What is the unit of measurement for rainfall in a rain gauge?
a) Kilometers
b) Degrees
c) Millimeters
d) Millibars

Ans: c) Millimeters

Rainfall is measured by the depth of water collected, usually in millimeters.

Q4: Which weather condition is caused by low atmospheric pressure?
a) Snowfall
b) Depression
c) Fog
d) Lightning

Ans: b) Depression

Depressions are areas of low pressure that often lead to storms or cyclones.

Cyclones

Q5: Which of the following instruments is used to measure humidity?
a) Hygrometer
b) Thermometer
c) Barometer
d) Wind Vane

Ans: a) Hygrometer

A hygrometer measures the amount of water vapor in the air.

Q6: What is used to measure wind speed?
a) Wind Vane
b) Barometer
c) Anemometer
d) Rain Gauge

Ans: c) Anemometer

An anemometer uses rotating cups to measure wind speed in km/h.

Q7: What is the normal atmospheric pressure at sea level?
a) 1000 mb
b) 650 mb
c) 1013 mb
d) 950 mb

Ans: c) 1013 mb

Standard atmospheric pressure at sea level is about 1013 millibars.

Q8: Which state has high humidity, making clothes dry slower?
a) Delhi
b) Jaipur
c) Kochi
d) Shimla

Ans: c) Kochi

Kochi, being coastal, has high humidity around 84%, slowing evaporation.

Q9: Which of the following best describes weather?
a) Monthly climate of a region
b) Permanent atmospheric condition
c) Short-term atmospheric condition
d) Long-term rainfall pattern

Ans: c) Short-term atmospheric condition

Weather refers to atmospheric conditions at a specific time and place.

Q10: Which department in India issues weather warnings?
a) IMD
b) WHO
c) NDRF
d) UNESCO

Ans: a) IMD

The India Meteorological Department (IMD) was set up in 1875 to predict weather and issue warnings.

Fill in the Blanks

Q1: The __________ is the lowest layer of the atmosphere where all weather happens.
Ans: Troposphere

Weather events occur in the troposphere, which is closest to Earth.

Q2: A __________ is used to measure temperature.
Ans: Thermometer

Thermometers show how hot or cold the air is.

Q3: A rain gauge measures __________ in millimeters.
Ans: Precipitation

Rainfall is measured by the rain gauge in terms of water depth.

Q4: __________ is the weight of air pressing down on the Earth’s surface.
Ans: Atmospheric Pressure

This pressure changes with height and is measured in millibars.

Q5: The __________ measures wind direction.
Ans: Wind Vane

A wind vane shows from which direction the wind is blowing.

Q6: The instrument used to measure wind speed is the __________.
Ans: Anemometer

Anemometers measure how fast the wind is blowing.

Aemometer

Q7: The __________ measures humidity in the air.
Ans: Hygrometer

Humidity is measured using a hygrometer, important for weather forecasts.

Q8: __________ stations combine instruments to measure all weather elements.
Ans: Weather

Weather stations record temperature, humidity, wind, rainfall, and pressure.

Q9: The mean daily temperature is calculated by adding maximum and minimum temperatures and dividing by __________.
Ans: Two

This gives the average temperature of the day.

Q10: High humidity __________ the rate of evaporation.
Ans: Decreases

When air is full of water vapor, evaporation slows down.

Very Short Answer Questions 

Q1: What is the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level?
Ans: 1013 millibars.

Q2: Which tool is used to measure rainfall?
Ans: Rain gauge.

Q3: Name the instrument used to measure humidity.
Ans: Hygrometer.

Q4: In which Indian city was an AWS set up in 2023 at over 4800 meters?
Ans: Sikkim.

Q5: What does IMD stand for?
Ans: India Meteorological Department.

Short Answer Questions 

Q1: Why are weather predictions important?
Ans: Weather predictions help people prepare for natural events like storms, droughts, or heat waves and ensure safety in fields like farming, aviation, and disaster management.

Q2: What does an anemometer do and how does it work?
Ans: An anemometer measures wind speed using rotating cups—the faster they spin, the stronger the wind.

Q3: How does atmospheric pressure affect mountaineers?
Ans: At high altitudes, pressure drops and oxygen becomes scarce, causing breathlessness for mountaineers and soldiers.

Q4: What is the role of AWS in weather monitoring?
Ans: An Automated Weather Station records weather data using sensors without human help, providing accurate information for forecasting and agriculture.

Q5: How is humidity measured and why is it important?
Ans: Humidity is measured with a hygrometer and is vital in weather forecasting, preserving materials in museums, and in industries.

Match the Following 

(Match Column A with the correct option in Column B)

Ans: Matched Pairs and Explanations:

  • 1 → C: Anemometers measure wind speed with spinning cups.
  • 2 → A: Hygrometers are used to check humidity levels in the air.
  • 3 → B: Rain gauges collect and measure rainfall in millimeters.
  • 4 → D: Barometers record atmospheric pressure to forecast storms.
  • 5 → E: Thermometers are used for measuring air temperature.

01. Geographical Diversity of India Chapter worksheet Solution

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Q1: What is the meaning of the word ‘Himalaya’ in Sanskrit?
a) Frozen peaks
b) Land of snowstorms
c) Abode of snow
d) Cold mountains

Ans: c) Abode of snow

‘Himalaya’ is derived from Sanskrit where ‘Hima’ means snow and ‘Alaya’ means abode or home.

Himalayas

Q2: Which of the following is India’s only active volcano?
a) Mount Abu
b) Barren Island
c) Kanchenjunga
d) Deomali

Ans: b) Barren Island

Barren Island in the Andaman Sea is home to India’s only active volcano.

Q3: The Gangetic Plains are considered ideal for agriculture because of:
a) Rocky terrain
b) Mineral-rich soil from rivers
c) Frequent snowfall
d) Presence of deserts

Ans: b) Mineral-rich soil from rivers

Rivers like the Ganga bring mineral-rich soil from the Himalayas, making the plains very fertile.

Q4: Which desert festival is celebrated in the Thar region?
a) Diwali
b) Pushkar Mela
c) Losar
d) Pongal

Ans: b) Pushkar Mela

Pushkar Mela is a popular camel and cultural fair held in Rajasthan’s Thar Desert region.

Pushkar Mela

Q5: Which river flows westward into the Arabian Sea instead of eastward into the Bay of Bengal?
a) Godavari
b) Krishna
c) Narmada
d) Kaveri

Ans: c) Narmada

Unlike most rivers, Narmada flows west into the Arabian Sea.

Q6: What kind of landform is the Peninsular Plateau?
a) Flat desert
b) High mountain
c) Elevated flat land with steep slopes
d) River valley

Ans: c) Elevated flat land with steep slopes

Plateaus are high flat areas with steep sides.

Q7: Which Indian region is called a cold desert?
a) Ladakh
b) Sundarbans
c) Sikkim
d) Arunachal Pradesh

Ans: a) Ladakh

Ladakh has extremely cold weather and very little rainfall, making it a cold desert.

Q8: Which Indian mountain range helps stop the spread of the Thar Desert?
a) Himalayas
b) Western Ghats
c) Vindhyas
d) Aravallis

Ans: d) Aravallis

The Aravalli range acts as a natural barrier to prevent the eastward spread of the Thar Desert.

Q9: Which plateau region is known for heavy rainfall and root bridges?
a) Deccan Plateau
b) Bundelkhand Plateau
c) Meghalaya Plateau
d) Malwa Plateau

Ans: c) Meghalaya Plateau

The Meghalaya Plateau experiences heavy rainfall and has famous living root bridges.

Q10: Which animal is important for transport and daily life in Ladakh?
a) Tiger
b) Yak
c) Camel
d) Elephant

Ans: b) Yak

Yaks are vital in Ladakh for transport, milk, wool, and dung.

Yak at Laddakh

Fill in the Blanks 

Q1: India is a part of the __________ Subcontinent.
Ans: Indian

India along with its neighboring countries forms the Indian Subcontinent.

Q2: The highest peaks of the Himalayas are located in the __________ Himalayas.
Ans: Himadri

Himadri or Greater Himalayas contain the tallest peaks like Mount Everest.

Q3: The outermost range of the Himalayas is called the __________ Hills.
Ans: Shivalik

The Shivalik Hills are the lowest and outermost part of the Himalayan range.

Q4: The Thar Desert covers states like Rajasthan and __________.
Ans: Gujarat

The Thar Desert spans across western India, including Gujarat.

Q5: Ladakh is also called the __________ desert of India.
Ans: Cold

Ladakh is a cold desert due to its icy weather and dry climate.

Q6: __________ and Tapti are the two major west-flowing rivers of India.
Ans: Narmada

Both Narmada and Tapti flow westwards into the Arabian Sea.

Q7: The peacock, India’s national bird, is found in the __________ Plains.
Ans: Gangetic

The fertile Gangetic Plains support rich wildlife including the peacock.

Q8: The Western Ghats are recognized as a __________ World Heritage Site.
Ans: UNESCO

The Western Ghats are a biodiversity hotspot declared by UNESCO.

Q9: The Sundarbans are known for their __________ forests.
Ans: Mangrove

Sundarbans are famous for mangrove trees growing in salty coastal areas.

Mangroves

Q10: An __________ is a group or chain of islands.
Ans: Archipelago

Lakshadweep is an archipelago consisting of 36 coral islands.

Very Short Answer Questions 

Q1: What is the approximate length of the Himalayas?
Ans: About 2,500 km.

Q2: Name the two island groups of India.
Ans: Lakshadweep and Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

Islands of India

Q3: What is the cleanest village in Asia?
Ans: Mawlynnong in Meghalaya.

Q4: Which hill stations are found in the Himachal range?
Ans: Shimla, Mussoorie, Darjeeling.

Q5: Which mineral is extracted in Zawar mines of the Aravallis?
Ans: Zinc.

Short Answer Questions

Q1: Why are the Himalayas called the ‘Water Tower of Asia’?
Ans: Because they store snow and glaciers which melt in summer and feed rivers like the Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Indus, providing water to millions of people.

Q2: What are some adaptations seen in the Thar Desert region?
Ans: People use camels for transport, clean utensils with sand, and harvest rainwater using tankas and kunds due to water scarcity.

Q3: Describe two features of the Peninsular Plateau.
Ans: It is a triangular plateau surrounded by water on three sides and is rich in minerals and forests, supporting agriculture and hydroelectric power.

Peninsular Plateau

Q4: How are the islands of Andaman and Nicobar ecologically important?
Ans: They have coral reefs, tropical forests, unique wildlife, and are home to some of the oldest tribes in India, contributing to biodiversity.

Q5: What makes the Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers culturally special?
Ans: They are considered sacred in Indian culture and are personified as deities like Ganga and Brahmaputra, playing a role in rituals and beliefs.

Match the Following 

(Match Column A with the correct option in Column B)

Ans: Matched Pairs and Explanations:

  • 1 → b: Himadri is the highest Himalayan range with peaks over 8000 m.
  • 2 → c: Ladakh is India’s cold desert with extreme winters.
  • 3 → d: Mawlynnong is known for eco-tourism and root bridges.
  • 4 → d: Barren Island hosts India’s only active volcano.
  • 5 → e: The Aravallis block the expansion of the Thar Desert.

12. Earth, moon, and the Sun Chapter worksheet

MCQ Questions

Q1: The Earth rotates on its axis in approximately how many hours?

a) 12 hours

b) 24 hours

c) 48 hours

d) 365 days

Answer: b) 24 hours

Q2: What causes the day and night cycle on Earth?

a) The Earth’s revolution around the Sun

b) The Earth’s rotation on its axis

c) The Sun’s movement across the sky

d) The Moon’s orbit around the Earth

Answer: b) The Earth’s rotation on its axis

Q3: Which direction does the Earth rotate in?

a) From East to West

b) From West to East

c) From North to South

d) From South to North

Answer: b) From West to East

Q4: A total solar eclipse occurs when:

a) The Earth moves between the Moon and the Sun

b) The Moon moves between the Earth and the Sun

c) The Sun moves between the Earth and the Moon

d) The Earth moves away from the Sun

Answer: b) The Moon moves between the Earth and the Sun

Q5: Why do we experience different seasons on Earth?

a) Due to the Earth’s rotation

b) Due to the tilt of the Earth’s axis

c) Due to the Moon’s position

d) Due to the Earth’s distance from the Sun

Answer: b) Due to the tilt of the Earth’s axisFill in the Blanks

Q1: The Earth completes one revolution around the Sun in __________ days.

Answer: 365 days

Q2: The Earth’s axis is tilted at an angle of __________ degrees with respect to its orbit.

Answer: 23.5 degrees

Q3: The Moon can block sunlight from reaching the Earth, causing a __________ eclipse.

Answer: solar

Q4: The Sun rises in the __________ and sets in the __________.

Answer: East, West

Q5: During a lunar eclipse, the Earth comes between the __________ and the Moon.

Answer: SunTrue/False Questions

Q1: The Earth’s rotation causes the cycle of day and night.

Answer: True

Q2: During a solar eclipse, the Earth moves between the Sun and the Moon.

Answer: False

Q3: The Moon is larger than the Sun, so it can block the Sun’s light completely during a solar eclipse.

Answer: False

Q4: The Sun’s light gets blocked during a lunar eclipse.

Answer: False

Q5: The tilt of the Earth’s axis is responsible for the changing seasons.

Answer: TrueVery Short Answer Questions

Q1: What is the cause of the apparent motion of the Sun in the sky?

Answer: The apparent motion of the Sun is caused by the Earth’s rotation around its axis.

Q2: Why do we experience different seasons on Earth?

Answer: Different seasons occur due to the tilt of the Earth’s axis while it revolves around the Sun.

Q3: What is a solar eclipse?

Answer: A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, blocking the Sun’s light.

Q4: What is a lunar eclipse?

Answer: A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, casting a shadow on the Moon.

Q5: In which direction does the Earth rotate?

Answer: The Earth rotates from West to East.Long Answer Questions

Q1: Explain the phenomenon of day and night on Earth.

Answer: Day and night occur because the Earth rotates on its axis. As the Earth rotates, one half of the planet faces the Sun, experiencing daylight, while the other half is in darkness, experiencing nighttime. This rotation takes approximately 24 hours, causing a complete cycle of day and night.

Q2: Describe the process of a solar eclipse and how it occurs.

Answer: A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, blocking the Sun’s light. The Moon’s shadow falls on the Earth, causing a temporary period of darkness. Depending on the alignment, it can be a total solar eclipse, where the Sun is completely blocked, or a partial solar eclipse, where only a part of the Sun is obscured.

Q3: What is the effect of the Earth’s tilt on the seasons?

Answer: The tilt of the Earth’s axis, combined with its revolution around the Sun, causes different parts of the Earth to receive varying amounts of sunlight at different times of the year. This variation in sunlight results in the four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter, each with different lengths of days and nights.

Q4: How does the Earth’s rotation lead to the apparent motion of stars in the sky?

Answer: As the Earth rotates on its axis, the stars appear to move across the sky. In the Northern Hemisphere, stars appear to move in a circular path around the North Star. This motion is due to the Earth’s rotation, which gives the illusion that the stars are moving from east to west.

Q5: What are the differences between a solar eclipse and a lunar eclipse?

Answer: A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, blocking the Sun’s light. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, casting a shadow on the Moon. Solar eclipses are visible only in small areas, while lunar eclipses can be seen from a much larger part of the Earth.

11. Light: Shadows and Reflections Chapter worksheet Solution

 True/False

(a)  The Moon is a luminous object.

Answer: False
Explanation: It reflects sunlight and does not emit its own light.

(b) Transparent materials allow no light to pass through.

Answer: False
Explanation: Transparent materials allow almost all light to pass.

(c) A kaleidoscope forms changing symmetrical patterns using mirrors.

Answer: True
Explanation: It uses reflections of colored objects.

(d) Light can travel through a bent pipe easily.

Answer: False
Explanation: Light travels in a straight line, not through curves.

(e) A plane mirror forms a virtual image.

Answer: True
Explanation: The image cannot be projected on a screen.


Fill in the blanks.

(a) Objects that emit their own light are called ___________.

Answer: Luminous objects
Explanation: These include the Sun, fireflies, and electric bulbs.

(b) Light travels in a __________ line under normal conditions.

Answer: Straight
Explanation: This is known as rectilinear propagation.

(c) An image formed by a plane mirror is laterally __________.

Answer: Inverted
Explanation: Left appears as right in the mirror image.

(d) Opaque objects form the __________ shadows.

Answer: Darkest
Explanation: They completely block light from passing through.

(e) A __________ camera forms an inverted image on a screen.

Answer: Pinhole
Explanation: It uses a tiny hole to project an upside-down image.

Answer the Following Questions

Q.1. What is a luminous object?

An object that produces its own light.

Q.2. Give one example of a translucent material.

Tracing paper.

Q.3. What is the direction of light travel called?

Rectilinear propagation.

Q.4. Which device uses two mirrors to see over obstacles?

Periscope.

Q.5. What do we call the left-right reversal in a mirror image?

Lateral inversion.

Q.6. What happens when light falls on a polished or a shiny surface?

When light strikes a polished or shiny surface, it is primarily reflected. This reflection occurs due to the smoothness of the surface, which allows light to bounce back in a consistent direction.

  • The light does not scatter but reflects at the same angle it hits the surface.
  • Common examples of such surfaces include mirrors, stainless steel, and calm water.
  • This property is what makes these surfaces appear shiny and allows us to see reflections.

Q.7. What is reflection of light?

The reflection of light occurs when a light ray bounces back after hitting a surface. 
Key points include:

  • Light travels in straight lines.
  • When light strikes a smooth surface, it changes direction.
  • This change in direction is known as reflection.
  • Common reflective surfaces include mirrors and calm water.

Q.8. Why we are not able to see the candle flame through a bent pipe?

We cannot see the candle flame through a bent pipe due to the way light travels. Here are the key points:

  • Light travels in straight lines.
  • A bent pipe alters the path of light, preventing it from reaching our eyes.

Thus, the flame is not visible when viewed through the bent pipe.

Q.9. How can we change the path of light?

We can change the path of light by using any shiny or polished surface. Here are some examples:

  • A stainless steel plate can redirect light.
  • A steel spoon acts like a mirror.
  • The surface of water can also reflect light.

In essence, any shiny surface can alter the direction of light. 

Q.10. What happens when light falls on a mirror?

A mirror changes the direction of light that hits it. This process is known as the reflection of light.

  • When light strikes a mirror, it bounces back.
  • This change in direction allows us to see our reflection.
  • Mirrors can be made from various shiny surfaces, including polished metals and glass.

10. Life Processes in Plants Chapter worksheet Solution

True/False

(i) The food synthesized by the plants is stored as starch.
Ans: True  View Answer

(ii) Plants take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere mainly through their leaves.
Ans: True  View Answer

Stomata

(iii) Only green leaves can perform photosynthesis.
Ans: False  View Answer

(iv) Starch turns blue-black when tested with iodine.
Ans: True  View Answer

(v) Phloem carries water and minerals from the soil.
​Ans: False  View Answer

Fill in the Blanks 

(i) In photosynthesis solar energy is captured by the pigment called ____.
Ans: Chlorophyll.  View Answer

Chlorophyll & Chloroplast

(ii) During photosynthesis plants take in ____ and release ____ .
Ans: Carbon dioxide, oxygen  View Answer

(iii) ____ in plant take in carbon dioxide from the air for photosynthesis.
Ans: Stomata  View Answer

(iv) ____ are the products of photosynthesis.
Ans: Glucose and oxygen  View Answer

Photosynthesis

(v) Food made by leaves is transported by the __________.
Answer: Phloem  View Answer

(vi) During respiration, plants use __________ to break down glucose.
Answer: Oxygen  View Answer

Answer the Following Questions 

Q.1. From where do plants get raw materials to prepare their food? 

Plants get raw materials to prepare their food from their surroundings.

  • Carbon Dioxide: Absorbed from the air through stomata in the leaves.
  • Water: Taken up from the soil through the roots.
  • Sunlight: Captured by chlorophyll in the leaves. The energy from sunlight is crucial for converting carbon dioxide and water into glucose.

Q.2. What is the ultimate source of energy for all living organisms?

Sun is the ultimate source of energy for all living organisms.

  • It provides the necessary light energy that plants use to perform photosynthesis, which is the foundation of most food chains. 
  • Plants convert this solar energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, which is then consumed by herbivores and further by carnivores, making the sun essential for life on Earth.

Q.3. What are the other parts of plant where photosynthesis occurs except leaves?

While leaves are the primary site for photosynthesis, other green parts of the plant can also perform this process. These include:

  • Green Stems: Some plants, like cacti and young stems of other plants, can carry out photosynthesis due to the presence of chlorophyll.
  • Green Branches: Similar to stems, branches that have green tissues can also contribute to photosynthesis.

Q.4. What are stomata?

Stomata are tiny pores found primarily on the underside of leaves. They play a vital role in:

  • Gas Exchange: Allowing carbon dioxide to enter the leaf for photosynthesis and oxygen to exit as a by-product.
  • Transpiration: Enabling water vapor to leave the plant, helping to regulate temperature and maintain nutrient flow.

Q.5. What is chlorophyll?

Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in the leaves of all green plants. It plays an essential role in photosynthesis by capturing the energy from sunlight.

  • This pigment absorbs light, especially sunlight, which is then used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (a sugar) during photosynthesis. 
  • The presence of chlorophyll is also what gives plants their characteristic green color.

Q.6. What is plant respiration and how is it different from photosynthesis?

Respiration is the process where plants break down glucose using oxygen to release energy. It happens in all parts of the plant. The word equation is: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy. Unlike photosynthesis, which occurs only in green parts and in light, respiration happens all the time and in all parts of the plant.

Q.7. Why do we boil the leaf in alcohol when we are testing it for starch?

In a starch test, we boil the leaf in alcohol to remove its chlorophyll, the green pigment that masks the presence of starch.

  • When testing for starch in leaves, we need to see a color change to confirm the presence of starch. 
  • After removing chlorophyll by boiling the leaf in alcohol, the leaf becomes pale. 
  • Once iodine solution is added, it reacts with the starch in the leaf, turning it blue-black
  • This confirms that starch is present, proving that photosynthesis has taken place.

Q.8. What is the role of leaves in food preparation? How is starch tested in a leaf?

Leaves act as the food factories of plants because they contain chlorophyll and capture sunlight. They use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make food. The food is stored as starch. To test for starch, the leaf is boiled and treated with iodine solution. If starch is present, it turns blue-black in color.

Q.9. Describe how water and minerals are transported in plants.

Water and minerals are absorbed by the roots from the soil. These are transported upward to the stems, leaves, and flowers through xylem tissue. The xylem acts like a pipeline. This supply is necessary for photosynthesis and plant growth. Without water, plants can wilt or die.

Q.10. How do plants transport food to different parts of the body?

Food made in the leaves through photosynthesis is sent to all parts of the plant. The phloem tissue carries glucose and starch from the leaves to roots, stems, and fruits. This ensures that even non-green parts of the plant get the energy they need to grow and store food.